RESUMO

The study strives to analyze the potential variations of farmers' income under climate change by using Ricardian approach. The case study was Mazandaran province of Iran and three autumn crops, i.e. wheat, barley and canola were considered as the investigated crops. The Long Ashton Research Station Weather Generator (LARS-WG) model was selected to downscale the climate data. Three climate variables were downscaled for the years 2020-2080 under three climate scenarios: optimistic (RCP2.6), medium (RCP4.5), and pessimistic (RCP8.5). The Ricardian approach was also employed to predict the economics of climate change. Accordingly, the mean monthly temperature of the province is projected to have an upward trend under all climate scenarios, however, the rainfall pattern would be varied. The results of economic impacts of climate change also approved that the net income of investigated crops would be different trends under climate change scenarios. Accordingly, the variations of air temperature and rainfall would lead that the net income increases for wheat and barley, while it decreases for canola.

O estudo se esforça para analisar as variações potenciais da renda dos agricultores sob a mudança climática usando a abordagem Ricardiana. O estudo de caso foi a província de Mazandaran do Irã e três culturas de outono, ou seja, trigo, cevada e canola foram consideradas como as culturas investigadas. O modelo Long Ashton Research Station Weather Generator (LARS-WG) foi selecionado para reduzir a escala dos dados climáticos. Três variáveis ​​climáticas foram reduzidas para os anos 2020-2080 em três cenários climáticos: otimista (RCP2.6), médio (RCP4.5) e pessimista (RCP8.5). A abordagem ricardiana também foi empregada para prever a economia das mudanças climáticas. Assim, projeta-se que a temperatura média mensal da província tenha uma tendência ascendente em todos os cenários climáticos, no entanto, o padrão de chuvas seria variado. Os resultados dos impactos econômicos das mudanças climáticas também aprovaram que a renda líquida das lavouras investigadas seria de tendências diferentes em cenários de mudanças climáticas. Nesse sentido, as variações da temperatura do ar e da pluviosidade fariam com que a renda líquida aumentasse para o trigo e a cevada, enquanto diminuía para a canola.

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RESUMO

Resumen La asignación de recursos públicos a la investigación agropecuaria es un factor de desarrollo para el sector agroalimentario del país, pero deben estar orientados eficientemente hacia la generación de productos tecnológicos que otorguen beneficios a la población. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el beneficio económico a nivel sistema de producción y sociedad, derivado de la inversión pública en investigación y desarrollo, del paquete tecnológico para la producción de frijol en zonas de temporal de la región norte centro de México. Para evaluar el impacto en los sistemas de producción, se aplicaron 42 encuestas a productores adoptantes del paquete tecnológico en municipios de Aguascalientes y San Luis Potosí; mientras que, para el impacto a nivel sociedad, se estimó el retorno económico que produjo la inversión pública utilizada en el proceso de generación y adopción de la tecnología en el periodo 2009a 2025. La medición se realizó a través del valor actual neto (VAN), la tasa interna de retorno (TIR) y la relación beneficio costo (R B/C). El costo de producción de los adoptantes fue mayor en 36.3 % comparado con la tecnología tradicional; en tanto que, el rendimiento aumentó en 102 % y el ingreso neto incrementó en 322.6 %. A nivel sociedad, la evaluación reveló un VAN de $ 10.9 millones, lo que representó 4.1 veces lo invertido en la generación de la tecnología. La R B/C fue de 5.1 y la TIR fue mayor a la tasa media real de rendimiento considerada (9.5 %). El desarrollo y transferencia del paquete tecnológico para la siembra de frijol representó una buena inversión de recursos públicos, beneficiando a la población y a los productores, porque incrementa la producción alimentaria y el ingreso neto del agricultor.

Abstract The allocation of public resources to agricultural research is a factor of development for the agri-food sector of the country and should be efficiently oriented towards the generation of technological products that provide benefits to the population. The aim of this work was to evaluate the economic benefit at a level of production system and society, derived from public investment in research and development of the technological package for dry bean crop production in rainfed areas in north central Mexico. To evaluate the impact on the production systems, 42 questionnaires were administered to users of the technological package in municipalities of Aguascalientes and San Luis Potosí. Likewise, in order to assess the impact at a society level, the economic return produced by the public investment used in the generation and adoption process of technology in the 2009 to 2025 period was estimated. The evaluation was performed through the net present value (NPV), the internal rate of return (IRR) and the cost benefit ratio (B/C R). The production cost for adopters was 36.3 % higher compared to traditional technology; however, the yield increased by 102 % and the net income increased by 3226 %. At a society level, the evaluation revealed an NPV of $ 10.9 million, which represented 4.1 times more than what was invested in the generation of technology; the B/C R was 5.1 and the IRR was higher than the real average rate of return considered (9.5 %). The development and transfer of the technological package for sowing beans represented a good investment of public resources, benefiting the population and producers, because it increases food production and farmers' net income.

RESUMO

This study evaluates the available on-farm resources of five case studies typified as small-scale dairy systems in central Mexico. A comprehensive mixed-integer linear programming model was developed and applied to two case studies. The optimal plan suggested the following: (1) instruction and utilization of maize silage, (2) alfalfa hay making that added US$140/ha/cut to the total net income, (3) allocation of land to cultivated pastures in a ratio of 27:41(cultivated pastures/maize crop) rather than at the current 14:69, and dairy cattle should graze 12 h/day, (4) to avoid grazing of communal pastures because this activity represented an opportunity cost of family labor that reduced the farm net income, and (5) that the highest farm net income was obtained when liquid milk and yogurt sales were included in the optimal plan. In the context of small-scale dairy systems of central Mexico, the optimal plan would need to be implemented gradually to enable farmers to develop required skills and to change management strategies from reliance on forage and purchased concentrate to pasture-based and conserved forage systems.

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RESUMO

Organic broiler chicken production has recently received more attention worldwide. This study carried out an economic analysis to compare the profitability of organic versus conventional growing systems per unit of broiler meat production. In this study, 400 slow-growing broilers (Hubbard Red-JA) were reared in an organic production system and the same number of fast-growing broilers (Ross-308) were reared in a conventional system. Profitability was deduced from an economic analysis that compared total costs and net income. Results showed that organic broiler meat can cost from 70% to 86% more with respect to variable and fixed costs when compared with conventional production. The main reasons for the higher cost of organic broiler meat were feed, labor, certification, and outdoor area maintenance. The proportion of fixed costs in total costs was 1.54% in the conventional system and 7.48% in the organic system. The net income per kg of chicken meat in the organic system was 0.75, which is 180% higher compared with the conventional system (0.27); however, organic broiler meat was sold at a twice as high price than the conventional one. In conclusion, organic broiler meat production was more economical than conventional rearing.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Organic broiler chicken production has recently received more attention worldwide. This study carried out an economic analysis to compare the profitability of organic versus conventional growing systems per unit of broiler meat production. In this study, 400 slow-growing broilers (Hubbard Red-JA) were reared in an organic production system and the same number of fast-growing broilers (Ross-308) were reared in a conventional system. Profitability was deduced from an economic analysis that compared total costs and net income. Results showed that organic broiler meat can cost from 70% to 86% more with respect to variable and fixed costs when compared with conventional production. The main reasons for the higher cost of organic broiler meat were feed, labor, certification, and outdoor area maintenance. The proportion of fixed costs in total costs was 1.54% in the conventional system and 7.48% in the organic system. The net income per kg of chicken meat in the organic system was 0.75, which is 180% higher compared with the conventional system (0.27); however, organic broiler meat was sold at a twice as high price than the conventional one. In conclusion, organic broiler meat production was more economical than conventional rearing.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Recently, organic broiler chicken production has received more attention worldwide. This study has carried out an economic analysis to compare the profitability of organic versus conventional growing systems per unit of broiler meat production. To achieve this goal, 400 slow-growing broiler chickens (Hubbard Red-JA) were reared in an organic production system, and the same number of fast-growing birds (Ross-308) in a conventional system. The profitability was deduced with an economic analysis that compared total costs and net income. Results showed that organic broiler meat can cost from 70% to 86% more with respect to variable and fixed costs when compared with conventional production. The main reasons for the higher cost of organic broiler meat were feed, labor, certification, and outdoor area maintenance. The proportion of fixed costs in total costs was 1.54% in the conventional system and 7.48% in the organic system. The net income per kg of chicken meat in the organic system was € 0.75, which is 180% higher than chicken meat grown in a conventional system (€ 0.27); however, the price of organic broiler meat sold in the present study was twice as high as that obtained for conventional broilers. In conclusion, organic broiler meat production was more profitable than conventional rearing.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Recently, organic broiler chicken production has received more attention worldwide. This study has carried out an economic analysis to compare the profitability of organic versus conventional growing systems per unit of broiler meat production. To achieve this goal, 400 slow-growing broiler chickens (Hubbard Red-JA) were reared in an organic production system, and the same number of fast-growing birds (Ross-308) in a conventional system. The profitability was deduced with an economic analysis that compared total costs and net income. Results showed that organic broiler meat can cost from 70% to 86% more with respect to variable and fixed costs when compared with conventional production. The main reasons for the higher cost of organic broiler meat were feed, labor, certification, and outdoor area maintenance. The proportion of fixed costs in total costs was 1.54% in the conventional system and 7.48% in the organic system. The net income per kg of chicken meat in the organic system was € 0.75, which is 180% higher than chicken meat grown in a conventional system (€ 0.27); however, the price of organic broiler meat sold in the present study was twice as high as that obtained for conventional broilers. In conclusion, organic broiler meat production was more profitable than conventional rearing.

RESUMO

Organic broiler chicken production has recently received more attention worldwide. This study carried out an economic analysis to compare the profitability of organic versus conventional growing systems per unit of broiler meat production. In this study, 400 slow-growing broilers (Hubbard Red-JA) were reared in an organic production system and the same number of fast-growing broilers (Ross-308) were reared in a conventional system. Profitability was deduced from an economic analysis that compared total costs and net income. Results showed that organic broiler meat can cost from 70% to 86% more with respect to variable and fixed costs when compared with conventional production. The main reasons for the higher cost of organic broiler meat were feed, labor, certification, and outdoor area maintenance. The proportion of fixed costs in total costs was 1.54% in the conventional system and 7.48% in the organic system. The net income per kg of chicken meat in the organic system was 0.75, which is 180% higher compared with the conventional system (0.27); however, organic broiler meat was sold at a twice as high price than the conventional one. In conclusion, organic broiler meat production was more economical than conventional rearing.

RESUMO

Recently, organic broiler chicken production has received more attention worldwide. This study has carried out an economic analysis to compare the profitability of organic versus conventional growing systems per unit of broiler meat production. To achieve this goal, 400 slow-growing broiler chickens (Hubbard Red-JA) were reared in an organic production system, and the same number of fast-growing birds (Ross-308) in a conventional system. The profitability was deduced with an economic analysis that compared total costs and net income. Results showed that organic broiler meat can cost from 70% to 86% more with respect to variable and fixed costs when compared with conventional production. The main reasons for the higher cost of organic broiler meat were feed, labor, certification, and outdoor area maintenance. The proportion of fixed costs in total costs was 1.54% in the conventional system and 7.48% in the organic system. The net income per kg of chicken meat in the organic system was € 0.75, which is 180% higher than chicken meat grown in a conventional system (€ 0.27); however, the price of organic broiler meat sold in the present study was twice as high as that obtained for conventional broilers. In conclusion, organic broiler meat production was more profitable than conventional rearing.

RESUMO

The paper aimed to analyze the production costs of soybeans in the municipalities of Santarém and Belterra, considering that this is a competitive basic criterion for determining the operational efficiency as well as the formation of sustainable competitive advantage. The analysis was based on the perception of 20 producers on the concepts and application of fixed and variable costs used in decisions to produce soybean. The results showed that 18 producers use mechanical technology and modern inputs, but do not employ conservation practices. They also do not compute much of the fixed costs to determine profit, an indicator of competitive performance. The production units with productivity of up to 2,400 kg ha-1 (40 bags of 60 kg ha-1) are not having profit. On the other hand, farmers who use conservation technologies like direct planting are getting profit. Finally, we conclude that, 80% of the grain production systems using traditional technology are not sustainable in the region studied and have high production cost .

O artigo teve por objetivo analisar os custos de produção da soja, nos municípios de Santarém e Belterra, considerando que, este é um critério competitivo básico para determinar a eficiência operacional, bem como para a formação de vantagens competitivas sustentáveis. Para tanto, a análise foi realizada a partir da percepção de 20 produtores sobre os conceitos e aplicação dos custos fixos e variáveis, utilizados nas decisões de produzir. Entre os produtores, 18 utilizam tecnologia mecânica e de insumos modernos, porém não empregam práticas conservacionistas. Também não computam grande parte dos custos fixos para determinar o lucro, um indicador de desempenho competitivo. As unidades de produção com produtividade de até 2.400 kg ha-1 (40 sacas de 60 kg ha-1) estão tendo prejuízo. Por outro lado, os agricultores que utilizam tecnologias conservacionistas, como o plantio direto, estão gerando lucro. Finalmente, conclui-se que, 80% dos sistemas de produção de grãos que utilizam tecnologia tradicional não são sustentáveis na região estudada e têm maiores custos de produção.

RESUMO

The paper aimed to analyze the production costs of soybeans in the municipalities of Santarém and Belterra, considering that this is a competitive basic criterion for determining the operational efficiency as well as the formation of sustainable competitive advantage. The analysis was based on the perception of 20 producers on the concepts and application of fixed and variable costs used in decisions to produce soybean. The results showed that 18 producers use mechanical technology and modern inputs, but do not employ conservation practices. They also do not compute much of the fixed costs to determine profit, an indicator of competitive performance. The production units with productivity of up to 2,400 kg ha-1 (40 bags of 60 kg ha-1) are not having profit. On the other hand, farmers who use conservation technologies like direct planting are getting profit. Finally, we conclude that, 80% of the grain production systems using traditional technology are not sustainable in the region studied and have high production cost .(AU)

O artigo teve por objetivo analisar os custos de produção da soja, nos municípios de Santarém e Belterra, considerando que, este é um critério competitivo básico para determinar a eficiência operacional, bem como para a formação de vantagens competitivas sustentáveis. Para tanto, a análise foi realizada a partir da percepção de 20 produtores sobre os conceitos e aplicação dos custos fixos e variáveis, utilizados nas decisões de produzir. Entre os produtores, 18 utilizam tecnologia mecânica e de insumos modernos, porém não empregam práticas conservacionistas. Também não computam grande parte dos custos fixos para determinar o lucro, um indicador de desempenho competitivo. As unidades de produção com produtividade de até 2.400 kg ha-1 (40 sacas de 60 kg ha-1) estão tendo prejuízo. Por outro lado, os agricultores que utilizam tecnologias conservacionistas, como o plantio direto, estão gerando lucro. Finalmente, conclui-se que, 80% dos sistemas de produção de grãos que utilizam tecnologia tradicional não são sustentáveis na região estudada e têm maiores custos de produção.(AU)

RESUMO

Avaliou-se economicamente o efeito da inclusãode 0, 5, 10 e 15 por cento de polpa cítrica (PC), com ou sem adição do complexo enzimático, sobre o desempenho de 72 suínos, dos 25,71±7,51 aos 98,81±10,64kg de peso. Com este peso final, os animais foram abatidos, e dos valores (R$) da carcaça, incluindo os índices de bonificação, foram descontados o valor de compra dos animais e os custos com alimentação, de acordo com cada tratamento. Para os custos com alimentação, foi observado aumento linear (P=0,0190), enquanto para as receitas bruta (P=0,0328) e líquida (P=0,0013) parciais foram encontradas reduções lineares em função das porcentagens de PC com ou sem a adição do complexo enzimático. Considerando-se a evolução dos preços do milho, farelo de soja e do suíno durante o ano de 2008, foram determinados 12 cenários diferentes para a receita líquida parcial e, em todos eles, foi observada redução linear em função da inclusão da PC, com ou sem adição do complexo enzimático. Conclui-se que a utilização de PC, com ou sem adição do complexo enzimático, não reduziu os custos com alimentação, não sendo economicamente viável sua inclusão nas rações de suínos em crescimento e terminação.

An economic evaluation was done in order to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of 0, 5, 10 and 15 percent of citrus pulp (PC), with or without the addition of the enzyme complex, on the performance of 72 pigs from 25.71±7.51 to 98.81±10.64kg of body weight. The animals were slaughtered when they reached 98.81kg. The purchase value of the animals and feed costs (R$) were discounted from the carcass value, including subsidy rates (R$). A linear increase (P= 0.0190) was observed, while linear reductions were observed for the gross receipts (P=0.0328) and net (P = 0.0013) partials, due to the inclusion of PC in the diet with or without the enzyme complex. Considering the evolution of corn, soybean meal and pig prices during 2008, there were some 12 different scenarios for partial and net income determined and in all of them, linear reductions were observed due to the inclusion of PC in the diet with or without the enzyme complex. The use of PC with or without the addition of the enzyme complex was unable to reduce the costs of feed.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Avaliou-se economicamente o efeito da inclusãode 0, 5, 10 e 15 por cento de polpa cítrica (PC), com ou sem adição do complexo enzimático, sobre o desempenho de 72 suínos, dos 25,71±7,51 aos 98,81±10,64kg de peso. Com este peso final, os animais foram abatidos, e dos valores (R$) da carcaça, incluindo os índices de bonificação, foram descontados o valor de compra dos animais e os custos com alimentação, de acordo com cada tratamento. Para os custos com alimentação, foi observado aumento linear (P=0,0190), enquanto para as receitas bruta (P=0,0328) e líquida (P=0,0013) parciais foram encontradas reduções lineares em função das porcentagens de PC com ou sem a adição do complexo enzimático. Considerando-se a evolução dos preços do milho, farelo de soja e do suíno durante o ano de 2008, foram determinados 12 cenários diferentes para a receita líquida parcial e, em todos eles, foi observada redução linear em função da inclusão da PC, com ou sem adição do complexo enzimático. Conclui-se que a utilização de PC, com ou sem adição do complexo enzimático, não reduziu os custos com alimentação, não sendo economicamente viável sua inclusão nas rações de suínos em crescimento e terminação.(AU)

An economic evaluation was done in order to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of 0, 5, 10 and 15 percent of citrus pulp (PC), with or without the addition of the enzyme complex, on the performance of 72 pigs from 25.71±7.51 to 98.81±10.64kg of body weight. The animals were slaughtered when they reached 98.81kg. The purchase value of the animals and feed costs (R$) were discounted from the carcass value, including subsidy rates (R$). A linear increase (P= 0.0190) was observed, while linear reductions were observed for the gross receipts (P=0.0328) and net (P = 0.0013) partials, due to the inclusion of PC in the diet with or without the enzyme complex. Considering the evolution of corn, soybean meal and pig prices during 2008, there were some 12 different scenarios for partial and net income determined and in all of them, linear reductions were observed due to the inclusion of PC in the diet with or without the enzyme complex. The use of PC with or without the addition of the enzyme complex was unable to reduce the costs of feed.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se estudar os efeitos de doses de nitrogênio e potássio via água de irrigação, sobre o tempo de colheita, componentes da produção: número de pencas, número de frutos pencas-1, número de frutos cacho-1 e massa do cacho planta-1, e lucratividade da bananeira Prata-Anã em tabuleiros costeiros do Estado de Sergipe. O experimento foi conduzido no campo, utilizando um arranjo fatorial 4x4 com quatro blocos casualizados, na Estação Experimental da Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Foram testados dois fatores: nitrogênio (0; 350; 700 e 1050, em kg ha-1 de N, na forma de uréia) e potássio (0; 400; 800 e 1200, em kg ha-1 de K2O, na forma de cloreto de potássio). O primeiro ciclo da bananeira 'Prata-Anã' é prolongado em situações de deficiências de N e K. O maior rendimento do cacho (32,56t ha-1) é obtido com a aplicação de 1050kg ha-1 ano-1 de N e 1112kg ha-1 ano-1 de K2O, cujas doses proporcionam uma lucratividade de 27,75 por cento e uma redução do custo de produção de 40,54 por cento.

The objective of the work was to study the effects of doses of N and K applied through irrigation water, on the number of days between planting and harvesting, yield components (number of hands, number of fruits per hands, number of fruits per bunch, bunch weight per plant) and the profitability of the 'Prata-Anã' banana, in the coastal tablelands of Sergipe State. The experiment was carried out in the field at the Sergipe Federal University Experimental Station. A 4² factorial in a randomized block experimental design was used. Treatments were nitrogen (0; 350; 700 e 1050, kg ha-1 of N, as urea) and potassium (0; 400; 800 e 1200, kg ha-1 of K2O, as potassium chloride). Nitrogen and potassium deficiencies increased the number of days between planting and harvesting in the first cycle. Maximum yield of 32.56 t ha-1 was associated with 1050 kg ha-1 year-1 of N and 1112kg ha-1 year -1 of K2O. These doses were able to increase net income by 27.75 percent and reduced costs by 40.54 percent.

RESUMO

Avaliou-se o custo de inclusão da polpa cítrica em programa de restrição alimentar qualitativa, utilizando dados de desempenho de 36 suínos da linhagem Topigs, dos 83,7±5,1kg aos 129,8±1,9kg de peso, alimentados com dietas contendo porcentagens crescentes (0, 10, 20 e 30 por cento) de polpa cítrica. Os animais foram abatidos aos 130kg e dos valores (R$) da carcaça foram descontados o valor de compra dos animais e o custo com alimentação, de acordo com cada tratamento. Não houve efeito (P>0,05) da inclusão da polpa cítrica sobre o custo com ração e receita bruta, porém houve efeito linear negativo (P<0,05) sobre o rendimento líquido parcial com o aumento da participação da polpa cítrica nas dietas. A queda no rendimento líquido parcial foi causada pelo menor peso da carcaça obtida de animais alimentados com porcentagem mais elevada de polpa cítrica. Considerando a evolução dos preços do milho, do farelo de soja e do suíno entre junho de 2005 e maio de 2006, foram determinados 12 diferentes cenários para o rendimento líquido parcial. Em todos esses cenários, foi observada redução linear da receita líquida parcial em função da inclusão da polpa cítrica, mostrando que esse ingrediente não foi eficiente em promover melhora no rendimento (R$) ao produtor.(AU)

The cost of inclusion of citrus pulp was evaluated in a qualitative feed restriction program using performance data of 36 pigs of Topigs lineage (from 83.7±5.1kg to 129.8±1.9kg) fed with crescent levels of citrus pulp (0, 10, 20, and 30 percent). The animals were slaughtered when they reached 130kg. The value paid for animal and its feeding cost were discounted from the carcass value (R$), according to each treatment. No effect (P>0.05) of the inclusion of citrus pulp on ration cost and gross income was observed. A negative linear effect (<0.05) on partial net income with the increasing participation of the citrus pulp in diets was found. The decreasing trend in the partial net income was caused by the reduction on carcass weight of animals fed on crescent levels of citrus pulp. Considering the increase on corn, soybean, and swine prices from June 2005 to May 2006, 12 different sceneries were determined for partial net income analysis. In all situations, linear reductions on partial net income were observed as a function of citrus pulp inclusion, evidencing that the ingredient was not efficient in promoting profits for producers.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Avaliou-se o custo de inclusão da polpa cítrica em programa de restrição alimentar qualitativa, utilizando dados de desempenho de 36 suínos da linhagem Topigs, dos 83,7±5,1kg aos 129,8±1,9kg de peso, alimentados com dietas contendo porcentagens crescentes (0, 10, 20 e 30 por cento) de polpa cítrica. Os animais foram abatidos aos 130kg e dos valores (R$) da carcaça foram descontados o valor de compra dos animais e o custo com alimentação, de acordo com cada tratamento. Não houve efeito (P>0,05) da inclusão da polpa cítrica sobre o custo com ração e receita bruta, porém houve efeito linear negativo (P<0,05) sobre o rendimento líquido parcial com o aumento da participação da polpa cítrica nas dietas. A queda no rendimento líquido parcial foi causada pelo menor peso da carcaça obtida de animais alimentados com porcentagem mais elevada de polpa cítrica. Considerando a evolução dos preços do milho, do farelo de soja e do suíno entre junho de 2005 e maio de 2006, foram determinados 12 diferentes cenários para o rendimento líquido parcial. Em todos esses cenários, foi observada redução linear da receita líquida parcial em função da inclusão da polpa cítrica, mostrando que esse ingrediente não foi eficiente em promover melhora no rendimento (R$) ao produtor.

The cost of inclusion of citrus pulp was evaluated in a qualitative feed restriction program using performance data of 36 pigs of Topigs lineage (from 83.7±5.1kg to 129.8±1.9kg) fed with crescent levels of citrus pulp (0, 10, 20, and 30 percent). The animals were slaughtered when they reached 130kg. The value paid for animal and its feeding cost were discounted from the carcass value (R$), according to each treatment. No effect (P>0.05) of the inclusion of citrus pulp on ration cost and gross income was observed. A negative linear effect (<0.05) on partial net income with the increasing participation of the citrus pulp in diets was found. The decreasing trend in the partial net income was caused by the reduction on carcass weight of animals fed on crescent levels of citrus pulp. Considering the increase on corn, soybean, and swine prices from June 2005 to May 2006, 12 different sceneries were determined for partial net income analysis. In all situations, linear reductions on partial net income were observed as a function of citrus pulp inclusion, evidencing that the ingredient was not efficient in promoting profits for producers.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Este trabalho teve como objetivos estudar a produtividade e a renda do taro ‘Macaquinho, em cultivo solteiro e consorciado com a alface mimosa ‘Salad Bowl’, em solo sem (SCF) ou com (CCF) cobertura com cama-defrango (10 t ha-1). A colheita da alface foi feita aos 64 dias após a semeadura e a do taro aos 199 dias após o plantio. Na alface obtiveram-se baixos valores para plantas com “cabeças” comerciais (média de 15.830 “cabeças” ha-1) e altos para as não comerciais (média de 89.160 “cabeças” ha-1). No taro, as maiores produções de folhas (4,89 t ha-1), rizomas-mãe (6,46 t ha-1), rizomas-filho comerciais (15,33 t ha-1) e não-comerciais (9,73 t ha-1) foram obtidas nas plantas sob cultivo solteiro e cultivadas em solo CCF. A razão de área equivalente (RAE) para o consórcio taro-alface, em solo CCF foi de 1,47 e a do consórcio em solo SCF foi de 1,82. As rendas bruta e líquida mostraram que no taro foi melhor o cultivo solteiro em solo CCF (R$ 18.936,00 e R$ 17.596,00, respectivamente). Para alface, foi melhor o consórcio com taro, em solo CCF (R$ 18.024,00 e R$ 17.224,00, respectivamente). A maior RAE não induziu as maiores rendas bruta e líquida.

This work had as aim to study yield and income of ‘Macaquinho’ taro in monocrop system and intercropped with ‘Salad Bowl’ mimosa lettuce in soil without (SCF) or with (CCF) mulching with chicken manure (10 t ha-1). Lettuce harvest was done on 64 days after sowing and taro harvest on 199 days after planting. For lettuce it was obtained low values for plants with commercial heads (average of 15,830heads ha-1) and high values for non-commercial heads (average of 89,160 heads ha-1). For taro, the highest yields of leaves (4.89 t ha-1), corms (6.46 t ha-1), commercial (15.33 t ha-1) and non-commercial (9.73 t ha-1) cormels were obtained in plants under monocrop system and that were cultivated in CCF soil. Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) for taro/lettuce intercropping, in CCF soil, was 1.47 and of intercropping in SCF soil was 1.82. Gross and net income showed that for taro it was better to use of monocrop system in CCF soil (R$ 18,936.00 and R$ 17,596.00, respectively). For lettuce, it was better to use intercrop system with taro in CCF soil (R$ 18,024.00 and 17,224.00, respectively). The highest LER did not induce the highest gross and net income.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Este trabalho teve como objetivos estudar a produtividade e a renda do taro ‘Macaquinho, em cultivo solteiro e consorciado com a alface mimosa ‘Salad Bowl, em solo sem (SCF) ou com (CCF) cobertura com cama-defrango (10 t ha-1). A colheita da alface foi feita aos 64 dias após a semeadura e a do taro aos 199 dias após o plantio. Na alface obtiveram-se baixos valores para plantas com “cabeças” comerciais (média de 15.830 “cabeças” ha-1) e altos para as não comerciais (média de 89.160 “cabeças” ha-1). No taro, as maiores produções de folhas (4,89 t ha-1), rizomas-mãe (6,46 t ha-1), rizomas-filho comerciais (15,33 t ha-1) e não-comerciais (9,73 t ha-1) foram obtidas nas plantas sob cultivo solteiro e cultivadas em solo CCF. A razão de área equivalente (RAE) para o consórcio taro-alface, em solo CCF foi de 1,47 e a do consórcio em solo SCF foi de 1,82. As rendas bruta e líquida mostraram que no taro foi melhor o cultivo solteiro em solo CCF (R$ 18.936,00 e R$ 17.596,00, respectivamente). Para alface, foi melhor o consórcio com taro, em solo CCF (R$ 18.024,00 e R$ 17.224,00, respectivamente). A maior RAE não induziu as maiores rendas bruta e líquida.(AU)

This work had as aim to study yield and income of ‘Macaquinho taro in monocrop system and intercropped with ‘Salad Bowl mimosa lettuce in soil without (SCF) or with (CCF) mulching with chicken manure (10 t ha-1). Lettuce harvest was done on 64 days after sowing and taro harvest on 199 days after planting. For lettuce it was obtained low values for plants with commercial heads (average of 15,830heads ha-1) and high values for non-commercial heads (average of 89,160 heads ha-1). For taro, the highest yields of leaves (4.89 t ha-1), corms (6.46 t ha-1), commercial (15.33 t ha-1) and non-commercial (9.73 t ha-1) cormels were obtained in plants under monocrop system and that were cultivated in CCF soil. Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) for taro/lettuce intercropping, in CCF soil, was 1.47 and of intercropping in SCF soil was 1.82. Gross and net income showed that for taro it was better to use of monocrop system in CCF soil (R$ 18,936.00 and R$ 17,596.00, respectively). For lettuce, it was better to use intercrop system with taro in CCF soil (R$ 18,024.00 and 17,224.00, respectively). The highest LER did not induce the highest gross and net income.(AU)

Assuntos