RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) affects several neurological structures, giving rise to multiple symptoms. However, only the natural history of ataxia is well known, as measured during the study duration. We aimed to describe the progression rate of ataxia, by the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), as well as the progression rate of the overall neurological picture, by the Neurological Examination Score for Spinocerebellar Ataxias (NESSCA), and not only during the study duration but also in a disease duration model. Comparisons between these models might allow us to explore whether progression is linear during the disease duration in SCA2; and to look for potential modifiers. RESULTS: Eighty-eight evaluations were prospectively done on 49 symptomatic subjects; on average (SD), study duration and disease duration models covered 13 (2.16) months and 14 (6.66) years of individuals' life, respectively. SARA progressed 1.75 (CI 95%: 0.92-2.57) versus 0.79 (95% CI 0.45 to 1.14) points/year in the study duration and disease duration models. NESSCA progressed 1.45 (CI 95%: 0.74-2.16) versus 0.41 (95% CI 0.24 to 0.59) points/year in the same models. In order to explain these discrepancies, the progression rates of the study duration model were plotted against disease duration. Then an acceleration was detected after 10 years of disease duration: SARA scores progressed 0.35 before and 2.45 points/year after this deadline (p = 0.013). Age at onset, mutation severity, and presence of amyotrophy, parkinsonism, dystonic manifestations and cognitive decline at baseline did not influence the rate of disease progression. CONCLUSIONS: NESSCA and SARA progression rates were not constant during disease duration in SCA2: early phases of disease were associated with slower progressions. Modelling of future clinical trials on SCA2 should take this phenomenon into account, since disease duration might impact on inclusion criteria, sample size, and study duration. Our database is available online and accessible to future studies aimed to compare the present data with other cohorts.
Assuntos
Ataxias Espinocerebelares/patologia , Adulto , Idade de Início , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2), caused by a CAG expansion (CAGexp) at ATXN2, has a complex clinical picture. While validated ataxia scales are available, comprehensive instruments to measure all SCA2 neurological manifestations are required. This study aims to validate the Neurological Examination Score for the assessment of Spinocerebellar Ataxias (NESSCA) to be used in SCA2 and to compare its responsiveness to those obtained with other instruments. NESSCA, SARA, SCAFI, and CCFS scales were applied in symptomatic SCA2 patients. Correlations were done with age at onset, disease duration, CAGexp, and between scales. Responsiveness was estimated by comparing deltas of stable to worse patients after 12 months, according to Patient Global Impression of change, and the area under the curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operating Characteristics curve of scores range. Eighty-eight evaluations (49 patients) were obtained. NESSCA had an even distribution and correlated with disease duration (r = 0.55), SARA (r = 0.63), and CAGexp (rho = 0.32): both explained 44% of NESSCA variance. Deltas (95% CI) after 1 year in stable and worse patients were only significantly different for SARA. NESSCA, SARA, SCAFI, and CCFS AUC were 0.63, 0.81, 0.49, and 0.48, respectively. NESSCA is valid to be used in SCA2. However, the only instrument that presented good responsiveness to change in 1 year was SARA. We suggest that NESSCA can be used as a secondary outcome in future trials in SCA2 due to the burden of neurological disabilities related to disease progression.
Assuntos
Exame Neurológico , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Ataxias Espinocerebelares/diagnóstico , Adulto , Idade de Início , Idoso , Área Sob a Curva , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Seguimentos , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Curva ROC , Ataxias Espinocerebelares/genética , Ataxias Espinocerebelares/fisiopatologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introdução: A obtenção dos dados por meio de medidas repetidas em diversas ocasiões no tempo em um mesmo sujeito torna possível o ajuste de curvas que descrevam padrões de evolução e identificam preditores de evolução. O objetivo deste trabalho foi ajustar curvas para descrever a progressão da doença de Machado-Joseph (DMJ), quantificada pelo escore NESSCA (Neurological Examination Score for Spinocerebellar Ataxia), utilizando modelos mistos. Métodos: Os dados foram obtidos de uma coorte de pacientes da DMJ acompanhada no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) durante um período de 10 anos. Nas avaliações clínicas realizadas, o comprometimento clínico do paciente foi mensurado várias vezes através do escore NESSCA. Esse escore foi considerado como desfecho, e a progressão da doença poderia ser influenciada pelas variáveis explicativas: idade no início da doença e comprimento da mutação. O procedimento Proc MIXED do software SAS foi utilizado para realizar o ajuste dos modelos. Resultados: Progressão da doença ocorre mais lentamente com o aumento na idade de início da doença, por outro lado, com o aumento do comprimento da mutação, mais rápida é a progressão da doença. Conclusão: Uma maior idade no início da doença é fator de proteção para a progressão da DMJ e um maior comprimento da mutação é fator de risco. Ressalta-se que as atribuições de proteção e risco estão relacionadas exclusivamente com a velocidade de progressão da doença, não sendo observados efeitos significativos dessas variáveis para o escore no início da doença.
Background: Obtaining data with repeated measures in different occasions, from the same patient, makes the growth curve adjustment possible. These curves describe evolution patterns and identify evolution predictors. The main purpose of this study was to adjust growth curve to describe Machado-Joseph disease progression (MJD), quantified by the NESSCA score (Neurological Examination Score for Spinocerebellar Ataxia) using linear mixed model. Methods: the data were obtained from a cohort of MJD patients observed at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) during 10 years. In the clinical evaluation performed, the clinical implications of these patients were measured by the NESSCA score. In order to accomplish the data analysis, the NESSCA score was used as an outcome and it was considered that the disease progression could be influenced by explaining variables such as age at onset and CAG length. The procedure Proc MIXED of the software SAS was used to perform the models adjustment. Results: the disease progression is slower with the increase of age at onset, on the other hand, the progression of the disease is faster with CAG length increase. Conclusion: a higher age at onset is a protection factor to the MJD progression and a higher CAG length is a risk factor. It is highlighted that the attributions of protection and risk are exclusively related with the progression speed of the disease, since there were no significant effects of these variables to the score at the beginning of the disease.