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Vision-related quality of life (QoL) analyzes the visual function concerning individual well-being based on activity and social participation. Because QoL is a multivariate construct, a multivariate statistical method must be used to analyze this construct. In this paper, we present a methodology based on STATIS multivariate three-way methods to assess the real change in vision-related QoL for myopic patients by comparing their conditions before and after corneal surgery. We conduct a case study in Costa Rica to detect the outcomes of patients referred for myopia that underwent refractive surgery. We consider a descriptive, observational and prospective study. We utilize the NEI VFQ-25 instrument to measure the vision-related QoL in five different stages over three months. After applying this instrument/questionnaire, a statistically significant difference was detected between the perceived QoL levels. In addition, strong correlations were identified with highly similar structures ranging from 0.857 to 0.940. The application of the dual STATIS method found the non-existence of reconceptualization in myopic patients, but a statistically significant recalibration was identified. Furthermore, a real change was observed in all patients after surgery. This finding has not been stated previously due to the limitations of the existing statistical tools. We demonstrated that dual STATIS is a multivariate method capable of evaluating vision-related QoL data and detecting changes in recalibration and reconceptualization.
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Qualidade de Vida , Humanos , Costa Rica , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To synthesize information on the psychometric properties of scales used to assess vision-related quality of life in people with low vision. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted. The Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Bireme and Epistemonikos databases were consulted in July 2020. Eligibility assessment of abstracts and full texts was performed independently by two investigators.A standardized template was used for data extraction regarding study design, scale and version, clinical condition of participants, and psychometric properties measured, using database-specific controlled vocabulary terms for low vision and keywords for vision-related quality of life and validity. Data was synthesized considering two approaches for scales validations, Classical Test Theory and Rasch Analysis. RESULTS: A total of 53 articles were included in our analysis. In total, 40 studies evaluated the NEI VFQ scale, four evaluated the IVI scale, two evaluated the VA LV VFQ instrument and seven validated the LVQOL scale. This review found that the VRQoL NEI VFQ, IVI, LVQOL and VA LV VFQ-48 scales have adequate psychometric properties, with good internal consistency, when assessed using the CTT approach. The NEI VFQ scale also showed adequate test-retest reliability and adequate construct and content validity. The NEI VFQ and LVQOL scales showed inadequate items and multidimensionality when Rasch analysis was used. The IVI scale showed potential for assessing change in HRQoL after providing interventions to patients with low vision. CONCLUSIONS: Many questionnaires exist to measure vision-related quality of life in people with low vision, but the psychometric properties of the questionnaires are variable.
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Qualidade de Vida , Baixa Visão , Humanos , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Visão Ocular , Inquéritos e Questionários , Perfil de Impacto da DoençaRESUMO
Introducción: La degeneración macular asociada a la edad, es causa frecuente de ceguera o baja visión en el adulto mayor. La valoración de la calidad de vida relativa a la función visual, es fundamental en estos pacientes tratados con Bevacizumab. Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de vida en relación con la función visual en pacientes con degeneración macular tratada con Bevacizumab asociada a la edad. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo longitudinal prospectivo realizado en el ICO "Ramón Pando Ferrer", desde enero de 2019 hasta mayo de 2021. La muestra fue de 52 pacientes. El cuestionario NEI VFQ-25 fue aplicado antes y después de la administración de las tres dosis del medicamento intravítreo. Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino, el grupo etario de mayor representación fue el de 60 a 79 años, la enfermedad sistémica más frecuente fue la hipertensión y ocular, la catarata. Casi todos los pacientes ganaron más de dos líneas en la cartilla de Snellen, el 42,3 por ciento presentó una ganancia de 3 líneas o más. El resultado de la mayoría de los elementos que explora el test, así como la función visual total es significativo desde el punto de vista estadístico. Conclusiones: Hubo una mejoría en la calidad de vida relativa a la función visual en los pacientes después de ser tratados con Bevacizumab. No existió una relación directamente proporcional entre la mejor agudeza visual post tratamiento y la mejora de la función visual total(AU)
Introduction: Age-related macular degeneration constitutes a frequent cause of blindness or low vision in the older adult. The assessment of quality of life related to visual function is essential in these patients treated with Bevacizumab. Objective: To assess the quality of life in relation to visual function in patients with age-related macular degeneration treated with Bevacizumab, at the ICO "Ramón Pando Ferrer", from January 2019 to May 2021. Methods: Prospective longitudinal descriptive study. The sample was 52 patients and the NEI VFQ-25 questionnaire was applied before and after three doses of the intravitreal drug. Results: Female gender predominated, the most represented age group was 60 to 79 years, the most frequent systemic disease was hypertension and the most frequent ocular disease was cataract. Almost all patients gained more than two lines in the Snellen chart, 42.3 percent presented a gain of 3 lines or more. The result of most of the items explored by the test, as well as the total visual function is statistically significant. Conclusions: There was an improvement in quality of life relative to visual function in patients after being treated with Bevacizumab. There was no directly proportional relationship between improved post-treatment visual acuity and improvement in total visual function(AU)
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Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Bevacizumab/uso terapêutico , Degeneração Macular/etiologia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos LongitudinaisRESUMO
Aim: To evaluate the vision-related quality of life with the National Eye Institute Refractive Error Quality of Life (NEI-RQL) questionnaire in patients with astigmatism secondary to radial keratotomy surgery who underwent topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy. Methods: Prospective non-randomized clinical trial. This study included 15 patients (30 eyes) aged > 21 years, mean age 55.1 (SD, 3.5) years, 53.3% female, with astigmatism ≤ - 6.00 D resulting from radial keratotomy, which could have been associated with hyperopia ≤ + 6.00 D. Photorefractive keratectomy with topography-guided custom ablation treatment was used in all cases. The patients answered the NEI-RQL questionnaire preoperatively and at 4 and 48 months after topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy. The following data were collected: age, sex and education level, pre-operative refraction data, visual acuity with or without correction, pachymetry, and keratometry. Results: There was a significant difference between pre-and postoperative NEI-RQL scores for the domains clarity of vision, near vision, far vision, diurnal fluctuation, activity limitations, glare, symptoms, correction dependence, appearance, and satisfaction with correction (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy improved vision-related quality of life in patients with a history of irregular astigmatism secondary to radial keratotomy.
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The melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) system is a robust integrator of exogenous and endogenous information, modulating arousal and energy balance in mammals. Its predominant function in teleosts, however, is to concentrate melanin in the scales, contributing to the adaptive color change observed in several teleost species. These contrasting functions resulted from a gene duplication that occurred after the teleost divergence, which resulted in the generation of two MCH-coding genes in this clade, which acquired distinctive sequences, distribution, and functions, examined in detail here. We also describe the distribution of MCH immunoreactivity and gene expression in a large number of species, in an attempt to identify its core elements. While initially originated as a periventricular peptide, with an intimate relationship with the third ventricle, multiple events of lateral migration occurred during evolution, making the ventrolateral and dorsolateral hypothalamus the predominant sites of MCH in teleosts and mammals, respectively. Substantial differences between species can be identified, likely reflecting differences in habitat and behavior. This observation aligns well with the idea that MCH is a major integrator of internal and external information, ensuring an appropriate response to ensure the organism's homeostasis. New studies on the MCH system in species that have not yet been investigated will help us understand more precisely how these habitat changes are connected to the hypothalamic neurochemical circuits, paving the way to new intervention strategies that may be used with pharmacological purposes.
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Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a conserved neuropeptide, predominantly located in the diencephalon of vertebrates, and associated with a wide range of functions. While functional studies have focused on the use of the traditional mouse laboratory model, critical gaps exist in our understanding of the morphology of the MCH system in this species. Even less is known about the nontraditional animal model Neotomodon alstoni (Mexican volcano mouse). A comparative morphological study among these rodents may, therefore, contribute to a better understanding of the evolution of the MCH peptidergic system. To this end, we employed diverse immunohistochemical protocols to identify key aspects of the MCH system, including its spatial relationship to another neurochemical population of the tuberal hypothalamus, the orexins. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions were also employed to convey a better sense of spatial distribution to these neurons. Our results show that the distribution of MCH neurons in all rodents studied follows a basic plan, but individual characteristics are found for each species, such as the preeminence of a periventricular group only in the rat, the lack of posterior groups in the mouse, and the extensive presence of MCH neurons in the anterior hypothalamic area of Neotomodon. Taken together, these data suggest a strong anatomical substrate for previously described functions of the MCH system, and that particular neurochemical and morphological features may have been determinant to species-specific phenotypes in rodent evolution.
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Hormônios Hipotalâmicos/metabolismo , Hipotálamo/citologia , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Melaninas/metabolismo , Melanóforos/metabolismo , Hormônios Hipofisários/metabolismo , Animais , Feminino , Hormônios Hipotalâmicos/análise , Hipotálamo/química , Masculino , Melaninas/análise , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Filogenia , Hormônios Hipofisários/análise , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar el comportamiento de la calidad de vida relativa a la función visual en pacientes operados de catarata en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer en el periodo enero a julio del año 2017. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y longitudinal. Para esto fueron reclutados de manera consecutiva todos los pacientes que fueron tributarios de cirugía de catarata, que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, atendidos en el periodo señalado. A estos se les aplicó el cuestionario NEI-VFQ-23 antes de la cirugía y al mes de realizada la intervención quirúrgica. Los resultados del cuestionario se correlacionaron con la edad, la agudeza visual y la presencia de complicaciones. Resultados: Se estudiaron 205 pacientes (410 ojos) con una edad promedio de 69,7 años. El 55,1 por ciento de los pacientes era del sexo femenino; el 67,3 por ciento presentaba algún tipo de co-morbilidad sistémica y el 23,4 por ciento presentó algún antecedente de enfermedad y/o cirugía ocular. La agudeza visual mejoró en el posoperatorio. La calidad de vida relativa a la función visual es notablemente superior después de la cirugía de catarata, y estos resultados varían según la edad, la presencia de comorbilidades sistémicas y los antecedentes oculares. Este estudio es clínico y estadísticamente significativo. Conclusiones: La cirugía de catarata mejora significativamente la calidad de vida relativa a la función visual de los pacientes(AU)
ABSTRACT Objective: Determine the vision-related quality of life of patients undergoing cataract surgery at Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from January to July 2017. Methods: A prospective longitudinal descriptive study was conducted based on consecutive recruitment of all the patients undergoing cataract surgery in the study period who met the inclusion criteria. The NEI-VFQ-23 questionnaire was applied to all participant patients before the operation and one month after surgery. Results of the questionnaire were correlated with age, visual acuity and the presence of complications. Results: The study sample was 205 patients (410 eyes); mean age was 69.7 years. 55.1 percent of the patients were female; 67.3 percent presented some sort of systemic comorbidity; and 23,4 percent had a history of disease and/or eye surgery. Visual acuity improved during the postoperative period. Vision-related quality of life is notably better after cataract surgery. These results vary according to age, the presence of systemic comorbidities and ocular antecedents. The study is clinically and statistically significant. Conclusions: Cataract surgery significantly improves the vision-related quality of life of patients(AU)
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Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Qualidade de Vida , Extração de Catarata/métodos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos LongitudinaisRESUMO
Objetivos: Describir la calidad de vida relativa a la función visual en pacientes hipermétropes présbitas después de la extracción del cristalino con fines refractivos, así como las características sociodemográficas y los resultados refractivos pre y poscirugía. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo a 70 pacientes hipermétropes présbitas, operados en el período de enero a diciembre del año 2016, a quienes se les aplicó el cuestionario NEI VFQ-25, por primera vez usado en Cuba, y que permitió conocer la respuesta clínica y el grado de satisfacción del paciente. Resultados: la edad promedio fue de 54,67 años; predominó el sexo femenino y la piel blanca. Hubo una mejoría evidente de la visión y de la calidad de vida mostrada en los resultados de todos los elementos explorados en la prueba realizada, los cuales fueron mejores en el posoperatorio. Fue un estudio clínico y estadísticamente significativo. Conclusiones: los pacientes hipermétropes présbitas, operados de lensectomía refractiva, mejoran clínica y estadísticamente su calidad visual y su calidad de vida relativa a la función visual. La prueba de calidad de vida relativa a la función visual utilizada permite evaluar ambos parámetros(AU)
Objectives: crystalline lens surgery has become refractive surgery. The present study is aimed at describing vision-related quality of life in presbyopic hyperopic patients after crystalline lens removal for refractive purposes, as well as the sociodemographic characteristics and refractive outcomes before and after surgery. Methods: a prospective longitudinal descriptive study was conducted of 70 presbyopic hyperopic patients undergoing surgery from January to December 2016, who were given the questionnaire NEI VFQ-25, used for the first time in Cuba, to obtain information about clinical response and degree of patient satisfaction. Results: mean age was 54.67 years; female sex and white skin prevailed. Results show obvious improvement in both vision and vision-related quality of life, made evident by the results of tests conducted in the postoperative period. The study was clinically and statistically significant. Conclusions: presbyopic hyperopic patients undergoing refractive lensectomy experience clinical and statistical improvement of their vision and vision-related quality of life. The vision-related quality of life test used allows evaluation of both parameters(AU)
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Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade de Vida , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Refrativos/métodos , Hiperopia/etiologia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos LongitudinaisRESUMO
La salud es un elemento decisivo de la calidad de vida. El concepto de calidad de vida es cada vez más utilizado como medida del bienestar y depende de elementos objetivos y de la valoración subjetiva que el paciente hace de diferentes aspectos de su vida. Las pruebas de calidad de vida son adaptables al campo de la Oftalmología y aplicables a cualquier paciente, además de las pruebas de función visual. El NEI VFQ-25 mide las dimensiones del estado de salud orientado a la visión. El uso de estos estudios permite conocer la respuesta clínica y el grado de satisfacción del paciente, lo que conlleva una mejor calidad de vida. Con la presente investigación se pretende mostrar una de las pruebas más utilizadas para describir los resultados de la calidad visual(AU)
The health is a decisive element of the life quality. The quality of life concept is more and more utilized, it depends on objective elements, and subjective opinion of the patient makes of different aspects of its life. The quality of life test is adaptive to the ophthalmology patient, beside the tests of visual function. The NEI VFQ-25, measures the dimensions from the health to the vision. The use of these studies allows knowing the clinical response and the patient satisfaction, what means a better life quality(AU)
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Humanos , Equipamentos de Medição de Riscos , Satisfação do Paciente , Qualidade de Vida , Testes de Campo Visual/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
A utilização de marcadores moleculares microssatélites ou SSR (Simples Sequência Repetitiva) tem se mostrado uma excelente técnica para identificação de cultivares, análise genealógica e de distância genética entre organismos. O conhecimento da diversidade genética entre grupos de genitores por meio da utilização de marcadores moleculares vem permitindo estabelecer diferenças entre acessos de algodão, facilitando a seleção de genitores a serem empregados em programas de melhoramento. O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a diversidade genética entre acessos provenientes do Banco de germoplasma de algodão da Empresa de Pesquisa de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG) por meio de marcadores moleculares SSR. Os 37 oligonucleotídeos da série BNL amplificaram um total de 106 alelos. Uma média de 2,86 alelos por locus foi detectada, com uma média de conteúdo informativo de polimorfismo (PIC) de 0,068. A maior taxa de heterozigosidade (0,15) foi obtida para o acesso Dendera e (0,12) para o acesso Giza 80. As menores taxas de heterozigosidade (0,05) foram observadas para os acessos T-7044 e Coker-310. A partir das estimativas de dissimilaridade de Nei a maior distância genética foi obtida entre os acessos Giza 80 e T-7044 (0,88), e a menor distância (0,042) entre os acessos SL 24-82885 e o T-295. O dendrograma gerado apresentou a formação de nove grupos distintos, sendo os acessos Giza 80 e Dendera os mais divergentes entre os todos os estudados.
The use of microsatellite molecular markers or SRS (Simple Repetitive Sequence) has proved to be an excellent technique for cultivar identification, genealogical analysis and genetic distance between organisms. The knowledge of genetic diversity among groups of parents through the use of molecular markers has allowed establishing differences among accessions of cotton, facilitating the selection of parents to be used in breeding programs. The study aimed to assess the genetic diversity among accessions from the germplasm bank Cotton Research Company of Minas Gerais (EPAMIG) using SRS markers. The 37 primers from BNL series amplified a total of 106 alleles. An average of 2.86 alleles per locus was detected with average polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.068. The highest rate of heterozygosity (0.15) was obtained for access Dendera and (0.12) for Giza 80. The lowest rates of heterozygosity (0.05) were observed for the accessions Coker T-7044-310. From the Nei ´s dissimilarity estimation the largest genetic distance was observed between Giza 80 and T-7044 (0.88), and the shortest distance (0.042) between accessions 24-82885 SL and T-295. The dendrogram generated showed the formation of nine distinct groups, accesses Giza 80 and Dendera were the most divergent among all studied.
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Variação Genética , Repetições de Microssatélites , Gossypium , Melhoramento VegetalRESUMO
The clinical, laboratorial and postmortem findings of a tracheal collapse in a miniature pony referred to the Veterinary Hospital â FMVZâUnesp â Botucatu are described. The animal presented a noisy breathing, dyspnea, chronic cough and exercise intolerance. Endoscopic evaluation showed irregularity of tracheal lumen, with a confirmation of dorso-ventral flattening of trachea in the necropsy.
São descritos os achados clÃnicos, laboratoriais e post-mortem em um mini-pônei com colapso traqueal atendido pelo Hospital Veterinário FMVZ/Unesp Botucatu. O animal apresentava respiração ruidosa, dispnéia, tosse crônica e intolerância ao exercÃcio. A avaliação endoscópica revelou irregularidade do lúmen traqueal, sendo confirmado achatamento dorso-ventral da traquéia na necropsia.