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1.
Nat Prod Res ; : 1-7, 2024 May 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38738742

RESUMO

This study analysed extracts obtained from the leaves of Eugenia uniflora, E. involucrata, and E. myrcianthes to determine their chemical composition, antioxidative properties, and α-glucosidase inhibitory capacity. By using liquid chromatography with a diode array detector, we identified chlorogenic acids, flavonoids, tannins, proanthocyanidins, saponins, and triterpenes in the extracts. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were found to be directly related to their total phenolic, flavonoid content and enzyme inhibition. The E. uniflora aqueous extract showed significant inhibition of α-glucosidase (IC50 0.98 µg mL-1), indicating its potential as a non-competitive inhibitor for managing Diabetes Mellitus. This study contributes to the existing knowledge on the chemical and biological aspects of Eugenia genus.

2.
Antibiotics (Basel) ; 12(4)2023 Mar 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37107039

RESUMO

Myrcianthes discolor, an aromatic native tree from southern Ecuador, was collected to determine the chemical composition and the biological activity of its essential oil (EO). The EO was obtained by steam-distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass and a FID detector (GC-MS and GC-FID) and a non-polar DB5-MS column. Enantioselective GC-MS analysis was performed in a chiral capillary column. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase potency of the EO was carried out by the broth microdilution method, radical scavenging assays using 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, and by measuring the inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. A total of 58 chemical compounds were identified, corresponding to 94.80% of the EO composition. Sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons represented more than 75% of the composition. The main compounds detected were E-caryophyllene with 29.40 ± 0.21%, bicyclogermacrene with 7.45 ± 0.16%, ß-elemene with 6.93 ± 0.499%, α-cubebene with 6.06 ± 0.053%, α-humulene with 3.96 ± 0.023%, and δ-cadinene with 3.02 ± 0.002%. The enantiomeric analysis revealed the occurrence of two pairs of pure enantiomers, (-)-ß-pinene and (-)-α-phellandrene. The EO exerted a strong inhibitory effect against AChE with an IC50 value of 6.68 ± 1.07 µg/mL and a moderate antiradical effect with a SC50 value of 144.93 ± 0.17 µg/mL for the ABTS radical and a weak or null effect for DPPH (3599.6 ± 0.32 µg/mL). In addition, a strong antibacterial effect against Enterococcus faecium was observed with a MIC of 62.5 µg/mL and Enterococcus faecalis with a MIC of 125 µg/mL. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the chemical composition and biological profile of the EO of M. discolor, and its strong inhibitory effect over AChE and against two Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria, which encourage us to propose further studies to validate its pharmacological potential.

3.
Front Plant Sci ; 13: 981884, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36275536

RESUMO

The subtribe Eugeniinae comprises of two genera, Eugenia (ca. 1,100 species) and Myrcianthes (ca. 40 species). Eugenia is the largest genus of neotropical Myrtaceae and its latest classification proposes 11 sections. This study describes the seed anatomy of forty-one species of Eugeniinae in order to provide possible diagnostic characteristics. Following standard anatomical techniques, flower buds, flowers, and fruits were processed and analyzed using microtome sections and light microscopy. The phylogeny used the regions ITS, rpl16, psbA-trnH, trnL-rpl32, and trnQ-rps16, following recent studies in the group. Ancestral character reconstruction uncovered that: (1) the ancestral ovule in Eugeniinae was campylotropous (98.9% probability), bitegmic (98.5% probability), and unitegmic ovules arose on more than one lineage independently within Eugenia; (2) the pachychalazal seed-coat appeared with a 92% probability of being the ancestral type; (3) non-lignified seed-coat (24,5% probability) and aerenchymatous mesotesta (45.8% probability) are diagnostic characters in Myrcianthes pungens (aerenchymatous mesotesta present in the developing seed-coat) and in the species of E. sect. Pseudeugenia until the species of E. sect. Schizocalomyrtus and it is the type of seed-coat that predominates in most basal sections on the tree; (4) the partial sclerification (only in the exotesta-exotestal seed-coat) is mainly observed in species of E. sect. Excelsae, E. sect. Jossinia (group X), and E. sect. Racemosae (22.2% probability); (5) and in the species of the recent lineages of Eugenia, with a probability of 27.2%, predominate the exomesotestal or testal construction of the seed-coat [character observed in almost all species analyzed of E. sect. Jossinia (group Y) and E. sect. Umbellatae]. A dehiscent fruit is considered as a plesiomorphic state in Myrtaceae; the ancestor of this family had seeds with a completely sclerified testa, and the other testa types described for the current species with dehiscent and indehiscent fruits are simplified versions of this ancestral type. Perhaps, this means that the sclerified layers in the seed-coat have remained in whole or in part as a plesiomorphic condition for taxa with a capsule and bacca. Maintaining the plesiomorphic condition may have represented a selective advantage at some point in the evolutionary history of the family and its groups.

4.
Plants (Basel) ; 8(11)2019 Nov 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31731807

RESUMO

The essential oils of Myrcianthes myrsinoides and Myrcia mollis, belonging to the Myrtaceae family, were obtained by steam distillation. They were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID), enantioselective gas chromatography, and gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O). A total of 58 compounds for Myrcianthes myrsinoides essential oil (EO) and 22 compounds for Myrcia mollis EO were identified and quantified by GC-MS with apolar and polar columns (including undetermined components). Major compounds (>5.0%) were limonene (5.3%-5.2%), 1,8-cineole (10.4%-11.6%), (Z)-caryophyllene (16.6%-16.8%), trans-calamenene (15.9%-14.6%), and spathulenol (6.2%-6.5%). The enantiomeric excess of eight chiral constituents was determined, being (+)-limonene and (+)-germacrene D enantiomerically pure. Eight components were identified as determinant in the aromatic profile: α-pinene, ß-pinene, (+)-limonene, γ-terpinene, terpinolene, linalool, ß-elemene and spathulenol. For M. mollis, the major compounds (>5.0%) were α-pinene (29.2%-27.7%), ß-pinene (31.3%-30.0%), myrcene (5.0%-5.2%), 1,8-cineole (8.5%-8.7%), and linalool (7.7%-8.2%). The enantiomeric excess of five chiral constituents was determined, with (S)-α-pinene and (+)-germacrene D enantiomerically pure. The metabolites ß-pinene, 1,8-cineole, γ-terpinene, terpinolene, linalool, and (E)-ß-caryophyllene were mainly responsible for the aroma of the EO. Finally, the M. myrsinoides essential oil has an inhibitory activity for cholinesterase enzymes (IC50 of 78.6 µg/ml and 18.4 µg/ml vs. acethylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) respectively). This activity is of interest to treat Alzheimer's disease.

5.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 225: 319-326, 2018 Oct 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30030122

RESUMO

ETHNOBOTANICAL AND ETHNOMEDICINAL RELEVANCE: The importance given in Ecuador to the rescue of traditional knowledge and nutritional value of ancestral foods and drinks, has stimulated our investigation of the chemical composition and some biological activities of M. fragrans ('arrayán') essential oil, a natural aromatic additive used in the preparation of the traditional fruit-juice 'colada morada', which is typically drunk in the Day of the Dead or All Soul´s Day. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Different essential oils of Myrcianthes fragrans (Sw.) McVaught were obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of the plant collected in Cerro Villonaco (Loja-Ecuador) at three different phenological growth stages, i.e., during foliation (Fo), flowering (Fl) and fruiting (Fr) stages. The chemical compositions of the essential oils were determined by GC/MS and GC/FID techniques. The antimicrobial activities were determined by the broth microdilution method and reported as minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC, ug/mL). AIMS OF THE STUDY: i) to investigate the traditional uses of arrayán (M. fragrans) in the South region of Ecuador; ii) to identify the main components of the essential oils isolated at different phenological stages; iiì) to test the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils against bacteria and yeasts causing human ailments and a yeast causing food spoilage. RESULTS: 37, 46 and 38 compounds, representing 96.5%, 96.2%, and 95.6% of the three essential oils (Fo, Fl and Fr), respectively, have been identified. Oxygenated monoterpenes (OM) were the major components with percentages of 63.1 (Fo), 49.4 (Fl), and 61.9% (Fr), respectively. The main constituents of the essential oils were the monoterpene aldehydes geranial (1) and neral (2), the content of which varied, depending on the phenological development stage of the plant, spanning from 31.1% and 23.6% (Fo), to 23.6% and 17.8% (Fl), and 29.7% and 24.3% (Fr), respectively. In vitro antimicrobial tests showed that the essential oils from M. fragrans exhibited good activity against the Gram-negative bacteria, K. pneumoniae, and against the yeasts, C. albicans and S. cerevisiae. CONCLUSIONS: The oil is characterized by a high concentration of the monoterpene aldehydes geranial and neral (citral), that make the aroma of colada morada prepared in southern Ecuador quite different from the beverage made in other regions of the country, where other types of myrtles (Myrtaceae spp.) are used. Moreover, the oil may become a new rich source of the important industrial chemical citral. The pleasant aromatic properties and the good in vitro antimicrobial activity of arrayán oil suggest a plausible scientific explanation for the traditional uses of the plant not only as a natural aromatizer of a traditional beverage but also as a natural anti-infective and anti-yeast agent.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Myrtaceae , Óleos Voláteis , Anti-Infecciosos/análise , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bebidas , Equador , Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fungos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Óleos Voláteis/análise , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia
6.
Nutrire Rev. Soc. Bras. Aliment. Nutr ; 42: 1-5, Dec. 2017. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-881058

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The last decade has been marked by increasing data regarding gastroinstestinal diseases, specially gastritis and ulcer. In order to prevent or treat these diseases, many studies have demonstrated the potential of medicinal plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical profile and the gastroprotective activity of the methanolic extract of Myrcianthes pungens whole fruit, peel, pulp, seeds, and leaves. METHODS: The methanolic extracts were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) to detect the presence of phenolic compounds by direct comparison with an authentic sample. To evaluate the gastroprotective activity, two experimental models were used: acute ulcer model induced by ethanol/HCl and acute ulcer model induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (indomethacin). Animals were divided in different groups (n= 6) and pretreated orally with the methanolic extracts of M. pungens at doses of 50, 125, and 250 mg/kg, the positive control (cimetidine 100 mg/kg) and negative control (distilled water).RESULTS: The TLC analysis indicated the presence of the flavonoids quercetin and quercitrin in the leaves, quercetinin the peel, and catechin and epicatechin in the leaves and seeds of M. pungens. The extracts of leaves, peel, and pulp showed significant gastroprotective potential regarding the relative area of the lesion observed only in acute ulcer model induced by ethanol. The extracts of whole fruit, peel, pulp, seeds, and leaves showed significant gastroprotective potential observed in acute ulcer induced by indomethacin model. CONCLUSIONS: The gastroprotective activity can be related with the presence of some phenolic compounds identified in phytochemical analysis.


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Ratos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Plantas Medicinais/química , Gastropatias , Flavonoides
7.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 16(4): 385-397, jul. 2017. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-882137

RESUMO

Myrcianthes is a Myrtaceous genus of flowering plants of about 30 to 40 species, distributed in the American continent. The aim of this work was to study the chemical composition of the foliar essential oil from M. fragrans growing wild in central Costa Rica. The essential oil was obtained through the steam distillation process in a Clevenger type apparatus. The chemical composition of the oil was performed by capillary gas chromatography with a flame detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using the retention indices on a DB-5 type capillary column in addition to mass spectral fragmentation patterns. A total of 98 compounds were identified, accounting for 98.8% of the total amount of the oil. The major constituents in the leaf oil were (E)-methyl cinnamate (39.6%), limonene (34.6%), α-pinene (6.8%), and linalool (6.8%). This is the first report of (E)-methyl cinnamate occurring in oils of this plant genus. These findings appear to suggest a new chemotype of M. fragrans.


Myrcianthes (Myrtaceae) consta de 30 a 40 especies, distribuidas en el continente americano. El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en identificar la composición química del aceite esencial contenido en las hojas de M. fragrans, planta que crece en forma silvestre en el Valle Central de Costa Rica. La extracción del aceite se efectuó mediante el método de hidrodestilación usando un equipo de Clevenger modificado. La composición química del aceite se analizó mediante las técnicas de cromatografía gaseoso-líquida con detector de ionización de llama (GC-FID) y de cromatografía gaseoso-líquida acoplada a un detector de masas (GC-MS). Se utilizaron índices de retención obtenidos en una columna capilar tipo DB-5 y se compararon con los patrones de iones de fragmentación de masas. Se identificaron en total 98 compuestos, correspondientes a un 98.8% de los constituyentes totales. Los componentes mayoritarios del aceite resultaron ser (E)-cinamato de metilo (39.6%), limoneno (34.6%), α-pineno (6.8%) y linalol (6.8%). Este es el primer informe de la aparición de (E)-cinamato de metilo en aceite de hojas de este género de plantas. Los datos obtenidos parecen sugerir un nuevo quimiotipo de M. fragrans.


Assuntos
Cinamatos/análise , Myrtaceae/química , Óleos Voláteis/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Terpenos/análise , Cromatografia Gasosa/métodos , Costa Rica , Cicloexanos/análise
8.
Ci. Rural ; 46(9): 1579-1584, Sept. 2016. graf
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: vti-29704

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to characterize the demographic structure and spatial pattern of Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg, Myrcianthes gigantea (D. Legrand) D. Legrand and Myrciaria delicatula (DC.) O. Berg. Within one hectare of Ombrophilous Mixed Forest, all the three populations' individuals were counted and measured with regard to their height and diameter. From the collected data, the assessment of the demographic structure was realized after the individual's size classification. Spatial pattern was determined by applying the Standardized Morisita's Index. C. xanthocarpa and M. delicatula showed an inverted-J frequency distribution in the individuals size classes, which differed from M. gigantea that did not follow the same pattern. The spatial pattern of C. xanthocarpa and M. delicatula populations was found mainly to be aggregated; whereas, M. gigantea showed spatial randomness. The three Myrtaceae populations responded differently with regard to structure and spatial distribution in sites with the same environmental filters.(AU)


Objetivou-se caracterizar a estrutura demográfica e o padrão espacial de Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg, Myrcianthes gigantea (D. Legrand) D. Legrande Myrciaria delicatula (DC.) O. Berg, bem como, verificara influência de variáveis ambientais sobre essas populações. Em um hectare de Floresta Atlântica, todos os indivíduos das três populações foram contados e mensurados quanto à altura e diâmetro. A estrutura demográfica foi avaliada após classificação de tamanho dos indivíduos, o padrão espacial pelo Índice de Morisita Padronizado. Campomanesia xanthocarpa e M. delicatula apresentaram distribuição de frequência dos indivíduos em classes de tamanho em J invertido, já a espécie M. gigantea não seguiu o mesmo comportamento. O padrão espacial das populações de C. xanthocarpa e M. delicatula foi, predominantemente, agregado e, para M. gigantea, o padrão foi aleatório. Verifica-se que as populações de Myrtaceae possuem respostas diferenciadas quanto à estrutura e distribuição espacial em sítios com os mesmos filtros ambientais.(AU)


Assuntos
Myrtaceae/anatomia & histologia , Árvores , Floresta Úmida , Demografia
9.
Ciênc. rural ; Ciênc. rural (Online);46(9): 1579-1584, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-787394

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to characterize the demographic structure and spatial pattern of Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg, Myrcianthes gigantea (D. Legrand) D. Legrand and Myrciaria delicatula (DC.) O. Berg. Within one hectare of Ombrophilous Mixed Forest, all the three populations' individuals were counted and measured with regard to their height and diameter. From the collected data, the assessment of the demographic structure was realized after the individual's size classification. Spatial pattern was determined by applying the Standardized Morisita's Index. C. xanthocarpa and M. delicatula showed an inverted-J frequency distribution in the individuals size classes, which differed from M. gigantea that did not follow the same pattern. The spatial pattern of C. xanthocarpa and M. delicatula populations was found mainly to be aggregated; whereas, M. gigantea showed spatial randomness. The three Myrtaceae populations responded differently with regard to structure and spatial distribution in sites with the same environmental filters.


RESUMO: Objetivou-se caracterizar a estrutura demográfica e o padrão espacial de Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg, Myrcianthes gigantea (D. Legrand) D. Legrande Myrciaria delicatula (DC.) O. Berg, bem como, verificara influência de variáveis ambientais sobre essas populações. Em um hectare de Floresta Atlântica, todos os indivíduos das três populações foram contados e mensurados quanto à altura e diâmetro. A estrutura demográfica foi avaliada após classificação de tamanho dos indivíduos, o padrão espacial pelo Índice de Morisita Padronizado. Campomanesia xanthocarpa e M. delicatula apresentaram distribuição de frequência dos indivíduos em classes de tamanho em J invertido, já a espécie M. gigantea não seguiu o mesmo comportamento. O padrão espacial das populações de C. xanthocarpa e M. delicatula foi, predominantemente, agregado e, para M. gigantea, o padrão foi aleatório. Verifica-se que as populações de Myrtaceae possuem respostas diferenciadas quanto à estrutura e distribuição espacial em sítios com os mesmos filtros ambientais.

10.
Materials (Basel) ; 9(6)2016 Jun 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28773577

RESUMO

Myrcianthes hallii (O. Berg) McVaugh (Myrtaceae) is a plant native to Ecuador, traditionally used for its antiseptic properties. The composition of the hydro-methanolic extract of this plant was determined by submitting it to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) hyphenated to heated-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and UV detection. The presence of antimicrobial components prompted us to test the extract against methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, multidrug-resistant and susceptible Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus spp. and Streptococcus pyogenes strains. The chromatographic analysis led to the identification of 38 compounds, including polyphenols and organic acids, and represents the first chemical characterization of this plant. The extract showed modest antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria, with the exception of E. coli which was found to be less sensitive. Whilst methicillin-resistant strains usually display resistance to several drugs, no relevant differences were observed between methicillin-susceptible and resistant strains. Considering its long-standing use in folk medicine, which suggests the relative safety of the plant, and the presence of many known antibacterial polyphenolic compounds responsible for its antibacterial activity, the results show that M. hallii extract could be used as a potential new antiseptic agent. Moreover, new anti-infective biomaterials and nanomaterials could be designed through the incorporation of M. hallii polyphenols. This prospective biomedical application is also discussed.

11.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 50(3): 483-491, Jul-Sep/2014. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-728693

RESUMO

The present study was the first to examine the protective effect and antioxidant potential of two fruits native to the south of Brazil, namely guabiju (Myrcianthes pungens (O. Berg) D. Legrand) and red guava (Psidium cattleyanum Sabine), with respect to reducing the effects of cisplatin-induced hypercholesterolemia in male Wistar rats. The cisplatin-treated animals showed high glucose, LDL cholesterol, oxidized LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol levels. These native fruits reversed the increase in these parameters. The fat levels in the liver improved with supplementation with the fruits, and there were no differences in the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), creatinine, urea or HDL cholesterol levels, nor in the weight of the organs analyzed, indicating that the dose used did not affect these markers.


O presente estudo foi o primeiro realizado para avaliar o efeito protetor e o potencial antioxidante de duas frutas nativas do sul do Brasil, conhecidas como Guabiju (Myrcianthes pungens (O. Berg) D. Legrand) e araçá vermelho (Psidium cattleyanum Sabine), em relação a reduzir os efeitos da hipercolesterolemia induzida pela cisplatina em ratos Wistar machos. Os animais tratados com a cisplatina apresentaram elevada taxa de glicose, altos níveis de colesterol LDL, colesterol LDL oxidado e colesterol total. Os frutos nativos atuaram protegendo os animais pela redução destes parâmetros. Os níveis de gordura no fígado melhoraram com a suplementação pelos frutos e não houve diferenças nas substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e níveis de creatina, uréia e colesterol HDL e, também, no peso dos órgãos analisados, indicando que a dose utilizada não foi capaz de afetar tais marcadores.


Assuntos
Ratos , Ratos Wistar/classificação , Myrtaceae/classificação , Psidium/classificação , Hipercolesterolemia/imunologia , Frutas/classificação
12.
Rev. cuba. plantas med ; 18(2): 278-287, abr.-jun. 2013.
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-675535

RESUMO

Introdução: a ação de extratos hidroalcoólicos de Eugenia uniflora L. (pitangueira), Mentha x piperita L. (hortelã), Myrcianthes pungens (O. Berg) D. Legrand (guabiju) e Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub. (canafístula) foi avaliada sobre o desenvolvimento de nematódeos gastrintestinais nas coproculturas de ovinos. Objetivo: avaliar a ação in vitro dos extratos vegetais sobre os nematódeos gastrintestinais de ovinos. Métodos: cada extrato foi testado em culturas triplicadas de fezes nas seguintes concentrações: 200, 100, 20 e 2 mg.mL-1. Como controle positivo foi utilizado moxidectina (0,001 mg.mL-1) e água destilada como controle negativo. Após incubação, as larvas recuperadas foram fixadas, coradas e conservadas para posterior leitura. Resultados: a concentração de 200 mg.mL-1 do extrato de Eugenia uniflora foi a que promoveu menor número de larvas infectantes recuperadas das coproculturas de ovinos (número de larvas por grama de fezes= 19) quando comparada as outras concentrações. Este valor foi dez vezes menor que o ldpg recuperado das coproculturas tratadas com o mesmo extrato na menor concentração (2 mg.mL-1). Conclusão: a ação do extrato de Eugenia uniflora na maior concentração não diferiu estatisticamente do controle positivo (p< 0,05), sugerindo um efeito sobre a cultura destes nematódeos gastrointestinais.


Introducción: la acción de los extractos hidroalcohólicos de Eugenia uniflora L. (pitangueira), Mentha x piperita (menta), Myrcianthes pungens (O. Berg) D. Legrand (guabiju) y Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub. (cañafístula) se valoró en el desarrollo de los nematodos gastrointestinales en cultivos fecales de ovinos. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto in vitro de extractos de plantas sobre los nematodos gastrointestinales de ovinos. Métodos: cada extracto se probó en cultivos por triplicado de las heces en las concentraciones siguientes: 200 mg.mL-1, 100 mg.mL-1, 20 mg.mL-1 y 2 mg.mL-1. Se utilizó como control positivo moxidectina (0,001 mg.mL-1) y agua destilada como control negativo. Después de la incubación, las larvas se recuperaron, se fijaron y tiñeron, y se conservaron para su posterior lectura. Resultados: la concentración de 200 mg.mL-1 de extracto de Eugenia uniflora se promovió a la disminución del número de larvas infectantes, se recuperó a partir de cultivos de heces de ovejas (número de larvas por gramos de heces= 19) en comparación con otras concentraciones. Este valor fue 10 veces menor que el recuperado de coprocultivos tratados con la concentración más baja en el extracto crudo (2 mg.mL-1). Conclusión: la acción del extracto de Eugenia uniflora en la mayor concentración no difirió estadísticamente del control positivo (p< 0,05), lo que sugiere un efecto en el cultivo de los nematodos gastrointestinales.


Introduction: an assessment was made of the action of hydroalcoholic extracts of Eugenia uniflora L. (pitangueira), Mentha x piperita (menta), Myrcianthes pungens (O. Berg) D. Legrand (guabiju) and Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub. (cañafistula) on the development of gastrointestinal nematodes in fecal cultures from sheep. Objective: evaluate the in vitro effect of the plants upon gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. Methods: Each extract was tested in triplicate cultures of the faeces at the following concentrations: 200 mg.mL-1, 100 mg.mL-1, 20 mg.mL-1 and 2 mg.mL-1. moxidectin (0.001 mg.mL-1) was used as positive control, and distilled water as negative control. After incubation, the larvae were recovered, fixed and stained, and preserved for future reading. Results: the 200 mg.mL-1 concentration of Eugenia uniflora extract was promoted to a decrease in the number of infective larvae, and was recovered from cultures of sheep faeces (number of larvae per gram of faeces = 19), in comparison with other concentrations. This value is 10 times smaller than the one recovered from coprocultures treated with the lowest concentration in the crude extract (2 mg.mL-1). Conclusion: statistically, the action of the extract of Eugenia uniflora at the highest concentration did not differ from the positive control (p< 0.05). This is suggestive of an effect on the culture of gastrointestinal nematodes.

13.
Biosalud ; 10(1): 9-18, ene.-jun. 2011. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-656853

RESUMO

Introducción. El empleo etnofarmacológico de plantas en el manejo de procesos inflamatorios crónicos y la necesidad su caracterización farmacológica, promueven la evaluación de actividad antiinflamatoria de sustancias en modelos in vivo. Materiales y métodos. Evaluación de extractos y fracciones de Calea prunifolia (CP), Curatella americana (CA), Myrcianthes leucoxila (ML) y Physalis peruviana (PP) sobre los modelos edema auricular por acetato de tetradecanoilforbol (TPA) en ratón albino ICR y edema plantar por carragenina en ratas Wistar, seleccionando un extracto para valorar su actividad antiartrítica en el modelo artritis inducida por colágeno en ratones DBA. Resultados. Las fracciones con mayor porcentaje de inhibición del edema en el modelo edema auricular por TPA fueron ML etanólica total (82±6%), CP rica en terpenos (81±6%) y CA rica en terpenos (81±7%) (P<0,05). No se obtuvo actividad antiinflamatoria significativa sobre el modelo edema plantar por carragenina. Se evaluó la actividad antiartrítica de la fracción rica en terpenos de ML sobre el modelo artritis inducida por colágeno, sin encontrarse efecto significativo sobre edema de patas traseras, peso corporal, escala histopatológica de severidad de artritis ni inmunohistoquímica para factor de necrosis tumoral alfa (P>0,05). Discusión. La actividad antiinflamatoria en el modelo de inflamación aguda edema auricular por TPA para los extractos y fracciones de CP, CA y ML se puede relacionar con la afectación de mediadores relacionados con fosfolipasa A2 dado el nivel de efecto similar a indometacina encontrado. La fracción terpénica de ML no mostró actividad antiartrítica ni modificó la expresión de TNF-a en el modelo de artritis crónica autoinmune empleado, por lo cual no posee actividad inmunomoduladora ni antiinflamatoria en la dosis evaluada. Conclusión: Las fracciones terpénicas de los extractos de CA y CP y los extractos metanólicos de ML mostraron una actividad antiinflamatoria significativa en el edema auricular inducida por TPA. Estos extractos tuvieron poca actividad sobre el edema inducido por carragenina en la pata. La fracción terpénica del extracto ML no presentó actividad antiartrítica en el modelo de artritis inducido por el colágeno.


Introduction. Ethnopharmacological use of plants in management of chronic inflammatory diseases and the need to have their pharmacological characterization promote the evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity over in vivo models. Materials and methods. Evaluation of extracts and fractions of Calea prunifolia (CP), Curatella americana (CA), Myrcianthes leucoxila(ML) and Physalis peruviana (PP) on auricular edema by tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA)-in ICR albino mice and carrageenan-induced leg edema in Wistar rats selecting an extract to evaluate its anti-arthritic activity in collagen-induced arthritis model in DBA mice. Results. The fractions with greater edema inhibition percentage on TPA-induced ear edema included whole ethanolic fraction of ML (82±6%), CP terpenes rich fraction (81±6%) and CA terpenes rich fraction (81±7%) (P<0.05). Significant antiinflamatory activity was not obtained on the carrageenan-induced leg edema. Evaluation of antiarthritic activityof the ML terpenes rich fraction was carried out on collagen induced arthritis. Without finding any significant effect on back leg edema, corporal weight, arthritis histopathology severity scale or immunohistochemical tumoral necrosis factor alfa immunohistochemical evaluation (P>0.05). Discussion. Anti-inflammatory activity in TPAinduced acute ear edema model for CP, CA, and ML extracts and fractions can be interfered by phospholipase A2 related mediators due to similar effect with indomethacin was found. The ML terpens rich fraction neither show any anti-arthritic activity nor affected TNF-a expression on the autoimmune chronic arthritis model used, reason why it does not have immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory effect on the evaluated dose. Conclusion. CA and CP terpenic rich fractions and ML ethanol extract showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in TPA-induced ear edema. They did have some activity in carrageenan-induced leg edema. The ML terpenic rich fraction did not have anti-arthritic activity in the collagen-induced arthritis model.

14.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 15(2): 127-133, maio-ago. 2011. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-621312

RESUMO

Os inibidores da enzima acetilcolinesterase (AChE) são uma das principais classes de medicamentos utilizadas no tratamento de sintomas de doenças neurodegenerativas como a doença de Alzheimer (DA), pois são capazes de elevar os níveis de acetilcolina no cérebro. Plantas têm sido uma excelente alternativa na busca de novas moléculas bioativas. No presente trabalho, extratos alcoólicos dos frutos de Myrcianthes pungens (O.Berg) D.Legrand (Myrtaceae), também conhecidos como guabijú ou guabiroba-açú, foram investigados quanto à capacidade de inibição de AChE in vitro por ensaio bioautográfico, utilizando o reagente Fast Blue Salt B. Foi observada a presença de pelo menos quatro diferentes substâncias com capacidade inibitória de AChE nos frutos verdes e maduros desta espécie. Duas das substâncias ativas foram caracterizadas como terpenos por meio de ensaios com reagentes específicos em cromatografia de camada delgada. Estes resultados correspondem ao primeiro relato da atividade de inibição de AChE em espécies do gênero Myrcianthes (Myrtaceae).


Inhibitors of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) are one of the major classes of drugs used in the treatment of symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer?s disease (AD), because they can increase the levels of acetylcholine in the brain. Plants have been an excellent alternative source of bioactive molecules. In the present study, alcoholic extracts of fruits of Myrcianthes pungens (O.Berg) D.Legrand (Myrtaceae), also known as ?guabijú? or ?guabiroba-açú?, were investigated for their ability to inhibit AChE in vitro in a bioautographic assay using Fast Blue Salt B reagent. The presence of at least four different substances capable of inhibiting AChE in unripe and ripe fruits of this species was observed. Two active substances were characterized as terpenes in assays using specific reagents with thin layer chromatography. These results are the first report of the AchE inhibition activity for species of Myrcianthes genus (Myrtaceae).


Assuntos
Acetilcolinesterase , Myrtaceae , Inibidores Enzimáticos , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Doenças Neurodegenerativas , Cérebro , Doença de Alzheimer
15.
Rev. colomb. ciencias quim. farm ; 36(2): 166-174, jun. 2007. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-636137

RESUMO

Se evaluó la actividad antiinflamatoria de extractos y fracciones de Acnistus arborescens, Baccharis latifolia, Myrcianthes leucoxila, Physalis peruviana y Salvia rubescens en los modelos in vivo de inflamación edema tópico en oreja de ratón, edema plantar por carragenina en rata y bolsa de aire en ratón, con profundización en modelo de artritis por adyuvante en rata. Inicialmente se realizó el screening de un total de 34 fracciones en el modelo de edema auricular en ratón, de los cuales se seleccionaron dos de Acnistus arborescens, cuatro de Baccharis latifolia y de Myrcianthes leucoxila y dos de Salvia rubescens. Posteriormente se evaluó la actividad de dichas fracciones en el modelo de edema plantar por carragenina en rata seleccionando aquellos que mostraron mayor actividad para ser evaluados luego en el modelo de bolsa de aire en ratón. Después de esta evaluación continuaron el estudio las fracciones S2 y S7 de S. rubescens, provenientes del extracto hidroalcohólico, y AA-F de A. arborescens, que corresponde a la fracción de diclorometano. La última fase correspondió a la evaluación de S2 y AA-F en el modelo de artritis por adyuvante en ratas Wistar, que empleó el protocolo de evaluación de actividad preventiva en el desarrollo de artritis y se observó que no ejercieron dicha actividad.


Some extracts and fractions of Acnistus arborescens, Baccharis latifolia, Myrcianthes leucoxila, Physalis peruviana and Salvia rubescens were examined for antiinflammatory activity in vivo models as mice ear oedema, carrageenan induced rat paw oedema, zimosan injected-rat air pouch and Freund's adjuvant arthritis. In initial screening on mice ear oedema model were selected two of A. arborescens, four of B. latifolia and M. leucoxila and two of S. rubescens among thirty four fractions which showed greater antiinflammatory activity. Later, these fractions were evaluated in carrageenan induced rat paw oedema model and those that showed greater activity have been selected to be evaluated in the zimosan injected-mice air pouch model. S2 and S7 fractions of S. rubescens, that came from hydroalcoholic extract, and AA-F of A. arborescens, that corresponded diclorometane fraction, were those that until this phase of the study showed greater antiinflammatory activity. The last phase corresponded to the evaluation of S2 and AA-F in the model Freund's adjuvant arthritis in Wistar rats using the protocol of evaluation of preventive activity in the development of arthritis showed that did not exhibit this activity.

16.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 16(3): 402-407, jul.-set. 2006. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-571008

RESUMO

O óleo essencial das folhas de Myrcianthes gigantea (Myrtaceae), coletadas no Rio Grande do Sul, foi obtido por hidrodestilação em Clevenger e analisado por CG/detector de ionização de chamas e CG/EM. Trinta e seis compostos foram identificados, totalizando 90,1 por cento do conteúdo do óleo. A composição do óleo demonstrou predominância de sesquiterpenos cíclicos, principalmente da via de ciclização do germacrano, apresentando espatulenol (28,8 por cento) e seu isômero, iso-espatulenol (9,5 por cento), como principais constituintes. A composição do óleo das folhas de M. cisplatensis e M. pungens, coletadas na mesma região, também foi analisada e comparada com estudos prévios reportados para estas espécies coletadas em outros países da América da Sul. O óleo essencial de M. cisplatensis apresentou um alto conteúdo de monoterpenos (56,3 por cento), especialmente das séries pinano e p-mentano, com três compostos majoritários: 1,8-cineol (29,8 por cento), limoneno (10,9 por cento) e a-pineno (8,9 por cento), sendo similar ao reportado. Para o óleo de M. pungens 36 compostos foram identificados, porém sem predomínio majoritário, onde b-cariofileno (10,1 por cento), foi o principal deles. O óleo desta espécie difere do relatado para exemplares coletados na Argentina, rico em monoterpenos, sugerindo uma possível ocorrência de quimiotipos.


The essential oil of Myrcianthes gigantea (Myrtaceae) leaves, which were collected in Rio Grande do Sul (Southern Brazil), was obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus. The chemical investigation was performed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Thirty-six compounds were identified accounting for 90.1 percent of the oil content. The analyzed species was rich in cyclic sesquiterpenes, mainly those from the germecrane cyclization pathway, among them spathulenol (28.8 percent) and its isomer, iso-spathulenol (9.5 percent). Leaves of M. cisplatensis and M. pungens were also collected in the same region and the analysis of the oil composition was compared with those previously reported for collections from other countries in South America. M. cisplatensis oil showed a high content of monoterpenes (56.3 percent), specially from the p-mentane and pinane groups, with three major compounds: 1,8-cineole (29.8 percent), limonene (10.9 percent) and a-pinene (8.9 percent). These findings are in agreement with those reported previously. For M. pungens, thirty-six compounds were identified without a predominant component. b-caryophyllene (10.1 percent), with caryophyllane skeleton, was the main substance for this sample. For this species the oil composition was quite different from those related for two exemplars collected in Argentina, in which both oil were rich in monoterpenes. This result suggests the occurrence of chemotypes.

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