RESUMO

Brevibacillus laterosporus has entomopathogenic potential against several orders of insects and its wide bioactivity is associated with a variety of strain-specific molecules. In order to avoid the use of synthetic insecticides, along with the need to control insect pests, microbial control has been widely used. Muscoid dipterans are known for their medical-veterinary and sanitary importance, and synanthropy. The enormous biotechnological potential of B. laterosporus has been demonstrated, but there are still few studies with muscoid dipterans. The aim of the study was to verify the mortality of B. laterosporus NRS590 on synanthropic flies and to characterize its different cell stages ultrastructurally. The flies were collected from garbage bins and the colonies were adapted to the laboratory conditions. Bioassays with neo larvae were carried out from the bacterial growth in the phases: vegetative (6 hr), sporangium (20 hr), and free spores (44 hr). An aliquot of each phase was collected for Transmission (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The effectiveness of NRS590 was observed in the sporulation phase, where the corrected mortality was 83.3, 85.1, and 99% for Chrysomya megacephala, Chrysomya putoria, and Musca domestica, respectively. The parasporal body was observed in detail on the entire spore surface. Although our knowledge of this bacterium is growing, it remains to be determined the real virulence factors responsible for the wide entomopathogenic activity observed on muscoid dipterans. Therefore, this study can provide subsidies for the improvement of efficient and safe microbial control techniques for the environment and living beings.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria were isolated from muscoid dipterans collected at five different areas of Rio de Janeiro city, in proximity to hospitals. Extracts obtained by maceration of flies were diluted and used as inocula for different culture media, with or without antibiotic (ceftriaxone 1 mg/L) supplementation. Purified isolates were submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Bacterial identification was performed by MALDI TOF Microflex LT (Bruker Daltonics). A total of 197 bacterial strains were obtained from 117 dipterous muscoids. Forty-two flies (35.9%) carried bacteria resistant to at least one antimicrobial, while 7 insects (5.9%) carried multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR), which were all members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Among 10 MDR bacteria (5%), 5 strains (2,5%) were positive by PCR for one or more of the following antibiotic resistance genes: aac(6')-Ib, blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M-15, blaKPC-2 and blaNDM-1. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and cluster analysis compared the number of resistant isolates per collection point and showed that a single location was statistically different from the others with regard to resistance. Although there are still no criteria to determine the environmental contamination by resistant bacteria the fact that they have been isolated from flies is an indication of a disseminated contamination. As such, these insects may be useful in monitoring programs of antibiotic resistance in non-hospital environments, where they could function as sentinels.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Egg, larvae and the puparium of Fannia sabroskyi Seago, 1954 (Diptera, Fanniidae) are described and illustrated for the first time. The following structures have been documented: pseudocephalon, antennal complex, maxillary palpus, facial mask, anterior spiracle, cephaloskeleton structures, thoracic and abdominal processes, anal division, and posterior spiracle. Due to its necrophagous habit, this species may be of potential forensic importance for estimating the postmortem interval in criminal investigations. The information presented herein may be useful to distinguish the immature forms of Fannia species and to supplement the database for identification of Neotropical species of Fanniidae. In addition, it is also important for evolutionary and phylogenetic studies.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Monthly collections were made using two traps 5 m apart exposed for 48h, containing sardines and installed at points: A at the edge (500 m from the entrance of the Reserve); B 1200 m from the entrance and 1000 m inside the forest; and C 1700 m from the entrance and 500 m inside the forest. The purpose was to evaluate the abundance and richness of calliphorid species as a function of the environmental conditions using Pearson's correlation, compare the richness of the areas using ANOVA and Tukey's test, compare the abundances of the areas by the Kruskal-Wallis test, and also assess the possible influence of the anthropic presence. Rare, intermediary and common species were identified. The collection totalized 8515 Calliphoridae belonging to 26 species, with a predominance of females. None of the 13 species considered common presented a correlation between abundance and temperature: only Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) and Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) were correlated with humidity and only Mesembrinella semihyalina Mello with precipitation. This parameter was the only climatic variable correlated with richness. The greatest abundance and richness of calliphorids occurred in September 2006. From the 13 common species, seven were considered synanthropic, indicating the effect of anthropic action in this site.

Assuntos

RESUMO

From January 1998 to February 2001, 53 specimens of Spalangia nigroaenea Curtis, 1839 (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) were collected in 7,203 pupae of flies in cattle dung in Cachoeira Dourada and Itumbiara, GO, Brazil. The samples were collected and taken to the laboratory for pupae extraction by water flotation technique. The pupae were individually placed in transparent gelatin capsules until the emergence of the adult flies or their parasitoids. The percentage of parasitism was 0.74%.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Muscoid dipterous insects associated with pig carcass and their parasitoids collected in pasture and wood were collected from savanna (cerrado) at Goiás, Brazil. The species collected more often were: Chrysomya albiceps (89.5%), Ophyra sp. (6.9%) (flies) and Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (33.3%) and Spalangia endius (38.8%) (parasitoids). The parasitism rate was 0.4%.

RESUMO

Species of parasitoids of dung-breeding Diptera were collected at a range pasture in Itumbiara, GO, Brazil. The samples of bovine dung, approximately seven and eight day-old, were collected and carried to the laboratory and the pupae were extracted by water flotation. The pupae were individually placed in transparent gelatin capsules until the emergence of the adult flies or their parasitoids. Spalangia drosophilae (40.8%) Ashmead and Spalangia nigroaenea (35.6%) were the predominant species that parasitized pupae of dipterous muscoids. The rate of parasitism was 3.8%.

RESUMO

A total number of 8779 pupae of Diptera were collected in stables in the municipal district of Itumbiara, GO, Brazil, from June to December 1999. The principal fly and parasitoid species found were Musca domestica L. (38.4%), Sarcophagula occidua Fabricius (51.5%) (flies), Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani) (28.0%) and Paraganaspis egeria Diaz & Gallardo (29.3%).

RESUMO

The objective of this work was to identify flies of medical and veterinary importance and their natural enemies, located around the city of Itumbiara, GO, Brazil. Five thousand eight hundred and twenty-five muscoid dipterous insects and parasitoids were collected from a Brazilian savanna (cerrado) area of Itumbiara. Substrates for obtaining flies were liver. The most frequent fly and parasitoid species found were: Fannia pusio (29.2%) and Atherigona orientalis (26.8%) (flies), Nasonia vitripennis (56.0%) and Brachymeria sp. (26.6%) (parasitoids). Musca domestica was the dipterous species of greatest sanitary importance collected. This is the first report of the species Brachymeria sp. and Hememcyrtus sp. in the State of Goias. Data contribute to the knowledge of dipterous and parasitoids fauna in the state of Goias.