RESUMO
Studies on the diversity of Anastrepha species have been conducted mainly in agricultural orchards due to the economic importance of this insect group, consequently, research on fruit flies in undisturbed environments is scarce. Moreover, very few studies have investigated the diversity of fruit flies in urban areas, where fruit flies survive under native or exotic hosts. Thus, to understand the diversity of Anastrepha species in an environment with different anthropization degrees, surveys were carried out in four areas of the "Luiz de Queiroz" campus, in Piracicaba, São Paulo State (Brazil), using Multilure traps with putrescine and ammonium acetate for 12 months. The software R 3.6.3 was used to characterize the fruit fly community and the faunistic analysis was carried out using the ANAFAU program. The analysis of species richness and total abundance of fruit flies among the sites was carried out using the rarefaction method and adjustment to the generalized linear model (GLM) using the Poisson distribution, respectively. We collected 1,080 females and 14 species of Anastrepha in the four sampled sites. Anastrepha fraterculus and A. obliqua were the predominant species (behavioral patterns). Similar to agricultural sites, A. fraterculus and A. obliqua also show a predominant occurrence in urban environments.
Assuntos
Biodiversidade , Tephritidae , Animais , Brasil , FemininoRESUMO
Several fruit fly species are pest of fruit production in subtropical and tropical countries such as Brazil. Data about the fruit fly communities are relevant for understanding ecological aspects such as population dynamics, abundance, richness, and diversity. In these surveys, Multilure traps were hung about 2 m height accessible to collectors. Practically there are no data on the dynamics of fruit fly species in higher positions. Thus, a comparative analysis was performed to assess the influence of the Multilure traps height, 2 m and 10 m, to collect Anastrepha species in the agricultural and forest environments. The abundance of Anastrepha species was compared using GLM multivariate analysis and species diversity using Hill numbers for each tested height. The heat map graph, based on the Euclidean distance, was used to assess the interaction of species at each height. A total of 1080 females of Anastrepha were captured, with 722 and 358 specimens collected in traps hung at 10 and 2 m height, respectively. Fourteen species were collected, with most identified as A. fraterculus (Wiedemann) (lato sensu) (n = 435) and A. obliqua (Macquart) (n = 388). Species diversity of Anastrepha was greater at 2 m than at 10 m, as were the values of diversity indices corresponding to richness (q = 0), Shannon (q = 1), and Simpson (q = 2). We conclude that evaluations of aspects related to the distribution of Anastrepha species at different heights should be adopted in fruit fly population monitoring programs as a management strategy for pest species.