RESUMO
Viral respiratory infections caused by RNA viruses are one of the most important diseases around the world. The aim of this work was to study whether the nasal administration of non-viable Lactobacillus casei (LcM) was able to enhance respiratory antiviral defenses in young mice challenged with Poly I:C. Three-week-old BALB/c mice were nasally challenged with Poly I:C, used to mimic the pro-inflammatory state of lung infections caused by RNA viruses. LcM was nasally administered 2 days before Poly I:C challenge. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, albumin concentration in broncho-alveolar lavages (BAL), wet-to-dry lung weight ratio, and total and differential leukocytes counts in blood were evaluated. Also, α, λ, γ interferons, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-4 in BAL and nasal lavages and total IgE in BAL and serum, were evaluated by ELISA. Poly I:C induced pulmonary injuries while alteration of bronchoalveolar-capillary barrier was reduced by nasal administration of LcM. Moreover, alterations in leukocyte counts induced by Poly I:C were regulated. LcM favorably modulated the cytokines responses triggered by Poly I:C challenge in nasal and lung mucosal compartments. Also, LcM decreased IgE levels in BAL and plasma compared with the Poly I:C group. LcM nasally administered reduced the lung damage induced by Poly I:C and prevented airway hyperreactivity.
Assuntos
Lacticaseibacillus casei , Administração Intranasal , Albuminas , Animais , Antivirais , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar , Citocinas , Imunoglobulina E , Interferon gama , Interleucina-10 , Interleucina-4 , Lactato Desidrogenases , Pulmão , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Poli I-C , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfaRESUMO
Conglycinin from soybean has been recognized as one of the major feed allergens. This study investigated the effects of -conglycinin-induced allergic sensitization on chicks small intestines. A total of 40 7-day-old (100 g) chicks were divided into four groups as control, -conglycinin 1 h, -conglycinin 6 h, and -conglycinin 12 h. All treatment groups were administered 60 mg of -conglycinin/chick and small intestine samples were collected. -conglycinin-induced allergic sensitization marginally damages the epithelium lining of the duodenum villi and, in addition, significantly increases the accumulation of mast cells in the lamina propria and crypt of the duodenum. Moreover, the TNF- level significantly increased in all -conglycinin groups. IL-8 and IL-2 were significantly downregulated in the 1 h group; however, there were increases for the 6 h and 12 h groups. These results suggest that -conglycinin may lead to an inflammatory response in the chicks small intestines.
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas , Imunidade nas Mucosas , Proteínas de Soja/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Conglycinin from soybean has been recognized as one of the major feed allergens. This study investigated the effects of -conglycinin-induced allergic sensitization on chicks small intestines. A total of 40 7-day-old (100 g) chicks were divided into four groups as control, -conglycinin 1 h, -conglycinin 6 h, and -conglycinin 12 h. All treatment groups were administered 60 mg of -conglycinin/chick and small intestine samples were collected. -conglycinin-induced allergic sensitization marginally damages the epithelium lining of the duodenum villi and, in addition, significantly increases the accumulation of mast cells in the lamina propria and crypt of the duodenum. Moreover, the TNF- level significantly increased in all -conglycinin groups. IL-8 and IL-2 were significantly downregulated in the 1 h group; however, there were increases for the 6 h and 12 h groups. These results suggest that -conglycinin may lead to an inflammatory response in the chicks small intestines.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas , Proteínas de Soja/administração & dosagem , Imunidade nas MucosasRESUMO
AIMS: To analyse the effect of Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and its effects on the mucosal immune response. METHODS AND RESULTS: Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 showed a high adhesion capacity to completely and heterogeneously differentiated human intestinal epithelial cell line (Caco-2 cells). In addition, the contact of this bacterium with Caco-2 cells did not induce inflammatory chemokines (IL-8 and CCL-20). The presence of IgA(+) and IL-6(+) cells in the small intestine, as well as the production of inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6 and IL-12) in the gut, was determined after intragastric inoculation of Ent. faecalis CECT7121 in BALB/c mice. The administration of Ent. faecalis CECT7121 increased the number of IgA(+) cells in the intestinal lamina propria without modifying the percentage of IL-6(+) cells. No differences were observed in the cytokines measured in the intestinal extracts between probiotic-treated and control mice. CONCLUSIONS: Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 stimulates local mucosal immunity and adheres to IECs without inducing inflammatory signals. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Our results indicate that, apart from its already reported systemic immune activity, Ent. faecalis CECT7121 has a modulatory effect at a local level.
Assuntos
Enterococcus faecalis/fisiologia , Células Epiteliais/imunologia , Imunidade nas Mucosas/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/imunologia , Intestinos/imunologia , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Animais , Células CACO-2 , Citocinas/biossíntese , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Epiteliais/microbiologia , Humanos , Interleucina-6/imunologia , Interleucina-8/imunologia , Mucosa Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiologia , Intestino Delgado/imunologia , Intestino Delgado/microbiologia , Intestinos/efeitos dos fármacos , Intestinos/microbiologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologiaRESUMO
Strenuous exercise promotes changes in salivary IgA and can be associated with a high incidence of upper respiratory tract Infections. However, moderate exercise enhances immune function. The effect of exercise on salivary IgA has been well studied, but its effect on other immunological parameters is poorly studied. Thus, this study determined the effect of moderate acute exercise on immunological salivary parameters, such as the levels of cytokines (TGF-ß and IL-5), IgA, α-amylase and total protein, over 24 h. Ten male adult subjects exercised for 60 min at an intensity of 70% VO2 peak. Saliva samples were collected before ('basal') and 0, 12 and 24 h after an exercise session. The total salivary protein was lower after 12 and 24 h than immediately after exercise, whereas α-amylase increased at 12 and 24 h after exercise compared with basal levels. The IgA concentration was increased at 24 h after exercise relative to immediately after exercise, and there was no difference in the IL-5 while TGF-ß concentration increased in recovery. In conclusion, 70% VO2 peak exercise does not induce changes immediately after exercise, but after 24 h, it produces an increase in salivary TGF-ß without changing IL-5.
Assuntos
Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Imunoglobulina A/biossíntese , Interleucina-5/biossíntese , Saliva/imunologia , alfa-Amilases Salivares/biossíntese , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/biossíntese , Humanos , Masculino , Consumo de Oxigênio , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is the causative agent of an economically important disease, which affects all species of birds worldwide. Current vaccination programs for NDV include the use of either low-virulent live-virus vaccines or inactivated vaccines to induce protective immunity while producing minimal adverse effects in birds. In order to further characterize the immune response elicited by live virus and inactivated NDV conventional vaccines in chickens, we evaluated the presence of specific antibodies in different secretions and in tissue culture supernatants of immunized birds. To this end, we analyzed all the samples by ELISA, using an indirect assay set up in the laboratory. Specific anti-NDV IgG antibodies were detected in tracheal and cloacal swabs and tracheal and intestinal washes of immunized animals. We also found specific anti-NDV IgG antibodies in tracheal and intestinal tissue culture supernatants, indicating that the IgG found in swabs and washes was not transudated from serum or, at least, was not all transudated from serum. Knowledge about the mechanisms involved in the immune response of chickens to different NDV vaccines should increase our understanding of the mucosal response against the virus and, eventually, provide new useful information for the development and evaluation of synthetic vaccines.