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Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor (ECT) is a rare soft tissue tumor with peculiar histogenesis, exhibiting a predilection for the dorsum of the tongue. Molecular evidence suggests that it may originate from the migration of ectomesenchymal pluripotent cells from the neural crest to the tongue, where these cells may eventually proliferate and undergo myxoid and chondroid differentiation. This article illustrates a case of a 16-year-old female patient who presented with a nodule on the dorsum of her tongue, which had been present for four years. Surgical excision was performed, and histopathological analysis revealed a myxoid neoplasia composed of polygonal and spindle cells within a loose stroma containing chondroid areas. Tumor cells were positive for GFAP and S-100 proteins on immunohistochemical study, confirming the diagnosis of ECT. After a 5-year follow-up, the patient has shown no evidence of recurrence. Although rare, ECT can be diagnosed straightforwardly due to its distinctive clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features. Clinicians and pathologists should become familiar with this tumor in order to avoid misdiagnosis.

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Abstract To establish the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions and normal variations in a population of older adults. This observational study was conducted from 2015 to 2016 and involved 156 participants from Los Guido (San José, Costa Rica). The participants' sociodemographic information, risk factors, comorbidity, and clinical examination were evaluated and analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. Findings in oral mucosa were found to preferentially affect women (n=111; 71%) and individuals between the ages of 60 and 69 years (n=65; 42%), having smoking as a risk factor (n=67; 43%), and suffering from arterial hypertension (n=101; 65%). Intraoral findings were mainly presented together with variations from normal and pathology (n=71; 46%), predominantly one variation from normal (n=67; 33%) and one pathology (n=51; 43%). The most prevalent normal variations were the saburral tongue, lingual varicose veins, and cryptic tonsils. Infectious diseases (n=33; 21%), potentially malignant disorders (n=30; 19%), and physical and chemical injuries (n=18; 12%) were the most prevalent groups. The four most predominant lesions were prosthetic stomatitis, actinic cheilitis, frictional keratosis, and atrophic glossitis. The differences in pathological groups were not statistically significant (p=0.392) when comparing the frequency ratio by sex. Variations of the normal anatomy are the predominant ones, the saburral tongue being the most prevalent individually; among the pathologies, the most remarkable group was the infectious diseases, and prosthetic stomatitis was the most frequent. The information about this subject in Costa Rica is limited. So it is important to conduct more studies that contribute to the oral health of the elderly population in this area.

Resumen Establecer la prevalencia de lesiones de la mucosa oral y variaciones de lo normal en una población de adultos mayores. Estudio observacional en 156 participantes de Los Guido (San José, Costa Rica) del 2015 a 2016. Se evaluaron y analizaron de forma descriptiva y cualitativa información sociodemográfica, factores de riesgo, comorbilidad y exploración clínica. Los hallazgos en mucosa oral afectaron preferentemente a las mujeres (n=111; 71%), el rango de edad entre 60 y 69 años (n=65; 42%) y con el tabaco como factor de riesgo (n=67; 43%) e hipertensión arterial (n=101; 65%). Los hallazgos intraorales se presentaron preferentemente de forma conjunta variaciones de lo normal y patologías (n=71; 46%), predominantemente una variación de lo normal (n=67; 33%) y una patología (n=51; 43%). Las variaciones de lo normal más prevalentes fueron lengua saburral, várices linguales y amígdalas criptodónticas. Las enfermedades infecciosas (n=33; 21%), los desórdenes potencialmente malignos (n=30; 19 %) e injurias físicas y químicas (n=18; 12%) fueron los grupos más prevalentes. Las cuatro lesiones más predominantes fueron estomatitis protésica, queilitis actínica, queratosis friccional y glositis atrófica. No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p=0.392) al comparar la proporción de frecuencia por sexo. Las variaciones de la anatomía normal predominaron; siendo en forma individual la lengua saburral la más frecuente; de las patologías destacaron las enfermedades infecciosas principalmente la estomatitis protésica. Existe poca información en esta área en Costa Rica, es importante generar más estudios que permitan contribuir con la salud oral de la población adulta mayor.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of individuals diagnosed with Fanconi anemia (FA). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with FA patients from two Brazilian referral centers. Participants underwent a complete dental, periodontal, and oral mucosa examination, as well as assessment of resting salivary flow. The short version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire was administered. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed, followed by multivariate analysis to examine the impact of independent variables on OHRQoL. RESULTS: The study included 20 (57.1%) males and 15 (42.9%) females, with a mean age of 18.9 years. Oral leukoplakia (OL) was found in 18 individuals. The overall OHIP-14 score was 9.9 ± 10.5. Individuals aged ≥ 16 years had higher OHIP-14 scores, indicating worse OHRQoL for physical pain (p = 0.007), psychological discomfort (p = 0.001), physical disability (p = 0.03), psychological disability (p = 0.001), handicap (p = 0.004), and overall score (p = 0.007). Females reported more negative OHRQoL than males for physical pain (p = 0.02), psychological discomfort (p = 0.03), psychological disability (p = 0.009), and overall score (p = 0.02). Individuals with OL had an overall OHIP-14 score 1.83 times higher than those without OL (95% CI: 1.02-3.28; p = 0.04). Lower salivary flow correlated with higher overall OHIP-14 scores (95% CI: 0.14-0.84; p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: This study represents the first attempt to evaluate OHRQoL in individuals with FA. The presence of OL and reduced salivary flow were identified as predictors of a negative impact on OHRQoL. It is imperative to integrate patients' quality of life in the clinical treatment protocols for the FA population.

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BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a common immune-mediated skin disease that can involve other organs and tissues, including the oral mucosa. Some studies have found an increased proportion of geographic tongue (GT) and fissured tongue (FT) in patients with psoriasis, which appears to be region-specific. OBJECTIVES: The association of psoriasis with GT/FT in Eastern Asian populations remains unknown. Thus, the authors aimed to investigate the association of psoriasis with GT/FT in the Han population in southwestern China. METHODS: This study was conducted on 230 psoriatics and 230 healthy controls at West China Hospital. The authors compared the proportion of subjects with GT/FT in the two groups and compared age, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, age at onset of psoriasis, duration of psoriasis, nail and joint involvement, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, Body Surface Area, Dermatology Life Quality Index, and proportion using biologics in psoriatics with or without GT /FT. RESULTS: The authors have found a strong association between psoriasis and FT (p < 0.001), and a non-significant association between psoriasis and GT (p = 0.760). Compared to psoriasis patients without FT, the authors found that psoriasis patients with FT were older (p = 0.021) and had an increased frequency of late-onset psoriasis (p = 0.014); they also had more severe psoriasis (p = 0.047) and poorer quality of life (p = 0.045). STUDY LIMITATIONS: GT has periods of exacerbation and remission, so the authors cannot avoid a deviation of the prevalence of GT in this study from the true prevalence rate. Also, biologics have been found to lead to remission of GT and FT, which may have influenced the GT/FT ratio in the case group in this study. CONCLUSIONS: Psoriasis was associated with FT in the Han population in southwestern China, attention must be paid to the treatment of psoriatics with FT and skin diseases in patients with FT.

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Cellular neurothekeoma (CN) is a benign dermal neoplasm that most often affects the head and neck region and rarely occurs in the oral mucosa. We report a rare case of CN with atypical features on the floor of the mouth and summarize the reported cases of oral CN in English-language literature. A 62-year-old woman presented with a 6-month history of a painless mass on the floor of the mouth. Histopathological analysis of the excised specimen revealed a proliferation of neoplastic cells with oval to spindle morphology arranged in a vaguely nested and multinodular architecture separated by scarce hyaline collagen within a predominantly myxoid-rich stroma. The tumor cells were positive for NSE, and CD63 (NKI/C3), and negative for S100 protein, CD34, and SMA. Thus, the final diagnosis was CN. In addition, we summarized all clinicopathological data on oral CNs reported in the English-language literature. Nineteen cases were reviewed. Among them, only one case affected the floor of the mouth of a young girl, in contrast to the present case that occurred in an elderly woman. CN is particularly rare in this location and may be a diagnostic challenge for oral pathologists due to its rarity and morphological similarity with other lesions.

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Background/Aims: Diagnosing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is sometimes challenging because the performance of available tests is not entirely satisfactory. This study aims to directly measure the esophageal mucosal impedance during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for the diagnosis of GERD. Methods: Sixty participants with typical symptoms of GERD underwent high-resolution esophageal manometry, 24-hour multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and mucosal impedance measurement. Mucosal impedance measurement was performed at 2, 5, 10, and 18 cm above the esophagogastric junction during gastrointestinal endoscopy using a specific catheter developed based on devices described in the literature over the last decade. The patients were divided into groups A (acid exposure time < 4%) and B (acid exposure time ≥ 4%). Results: The mucosal impedance was significantly lower in group B at 2 cm (2264.4 Ω ± 1099.0 vs 4575.0 Ω ± 1407.6 [group A]) and 5 cm above the esophagogastric junction (4221.2 Ω ± 2623.7 vs 5888.2 Ω ± 2529.4 [group A]). There was no significant difference in the mucosal impedance between the 2 groups at 10 cm and 18 cm above the esophagogastric junction. Mucosal impedance value at 2 cm > 2970 Ω resulted in a sensitivity of 96.4% and a specificity of 87.5% to exclude GERD. Conclusions: Direct measurement of mucosal impedance during endoscopy is a simple and promising method for diagnosing GERD. Individuals with an abnormal acid exposure time have lower mucosal impedance measurements than those with a normal acid exposure time.

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The extraction and burning of coal release genotoxic pollutants, and understanding the relationship between genetic damage and the spatial distribution of residences in coal-using regions is crucial. The study aimed to conduct a spatial analysis of genotoxic damage through the of micronuclei (MNs) number and their proximity to coal mining/burning in the largest coal exploration region in Brazil. In this study, the detection of genotoxic damage was performed using the MN assay in oral cells of residents exposed to coal mining activities. Spatial analysis was conducted using QGIS 3.28.10 based on information obtained from a questionnaire administered to the population. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to assess the influence of the distance from residential areas to polluting sources on the number of MNs found. Additionally, Spearman's correlation was performed to identify the strength and direction of the association between the frequency of MNs and each of the polluting sources. A total of 147 MNs were quantified among all participants in the coal mining region. Notably, residents living within 2 km and 10 km of pollution sources exhibited the highest prevalence of MNs. The analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between closer proximity to pollution sources and increased MN frequency, underscoring the spatial relationship between these sources and genotoxic damage. Environmental pollutants from anthropogenic sources present a major health risk, potentially leading to irreversible damage. The spatial analysis in this study highlights the importance of targeted public policies. These policies should aim for a sustainable balance between economic development and public health, promoting effective measures to mitigate environmental impacts and protect community health.

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The present systematic review (SR) aims to evaluate manuscripts in order to help further elucidate the following question: is the micronucleus assay (MA) also a useful marker in gingiva, tongue, and palate for evaluating cytogenetic damage in vivo? A search was performed through the electronic databases PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science, all studies published up to December 2023. The comparisons were defined as standardized mean difference (SMD), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were established. Full manuscripts from 34 studies were carefully selected and reviewed in this setting. Our results demonstrate that the MA may be a useful biomarker of gingival tissue damage in vivo, and this tissue could be a useful alternative to the buccal mucosa. The meta-analysis analyzing the different sites regardless of the deleterious factor studied, the buccal mucosa (SMD = 0.69, 95% CI, - 0.49 to 1.88, p = 0.25) and gingiva (SMD = 0.31, 95% CI, - 0.11 to 0.72, p = 0.15), showed similar results and different outcome for the tongue (SMD = 1.19, 95% CI, 0.47 to 1.91, p = 0.001). In summary, our conclusion suggests that the MA can be a useful marker for detecting DNA damage in gingiva in vivo and that this tissue could be effective site for smearing.

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Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) are bullous autoimmune diseases that reach the oral mucosa and have common clinical features. The objective of the study was to present and compare the clinical manifestations of PV and MMP and the results of applied treatments. A case series of a stomatology service from 1985 to 2018. Data collection included epidemiological data, comorbidities, medications in use, duration of symptoms before the first visit, previous treatment, symptomatology, clinical description of lesions, presumptive diagnosis, histopathological description, extraoral manifestations, final diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. The medical records of 25 patients were analysed, 19 of whom were diagnosed with MMP and 6 with PV. The female gender was prevalent in MMP (84 %) and the male gender in PV (67 %). More than 60 % of patients complained of pain at their first visit. Patients with MMP took on average 6 months to seek professional help and patients with PV, about 2 months. Desquamative gingivitis was the most common lesion (63 %) in MMP and non-gingival ulcers (67 %) in PV. Minimal therapy was effective in all cases of MMP, and in PV one individual required minimal adjuvant therapy due to worsening of the case. Patients with PV have more intense signs and oral symptoms and may need more intensive treatment than patients with MMP. The use of topical and/or systemic corticosteroids was sufficient for most cases in both diseases.

Pénfigo vulgar (PV) y Penfigoide de la Membrana Mucosa (PMM) son enfermadades autoinmunes ampollosas que llegan a la mucosa oral y tienen características clínicas comunes. El objetivo de este estudio fue presentar y comparar las manifestaciones clínicas de PV y PMM y los resultados de los tratamientos aplicados. En el análisis se incluyó una serie de casos de un servicio de estomatología de 1985 a 2018. La recolección de información incluyó datos epidemiológicos, comorbilidades, medicamentos en uso, duración de los síntomas antes de la primera visita, tratamientos previos, sintomatología, descripción clínica de las lesiones, diagnóstico presuntivo, descripción histopatológica, manifestaciones extraorales, diagnóstico final, tratamiento y seguimiento. Se analizaron las historias clínicas de 25 pacientes, 19 de los cuales fueron diagnosticados de PMM y 6 de PV. El sexo feminino fue prevalente en PMM (84 %) y el sexo masculino en PV (67 %). Más del 60 % de los pacientes se quejaron de dolor durante la primera consulta. Los pacientes con PMM tardaron en promedio 6 meses en buscar ayuda profesional y los pacientes con PV, alrededor de 2 meses. La gingivitis descamativa fue la lesion más común (63 %) en PMM y las úlceras non gengivales (67 %) en PV. La terapia mínima fue efectiva en todos los casos de PMM, y en PV un individuo requirió terapia adyuvante mínima debido al empeoramiento del caso. Los pacientes con PV tienen signos y síntomas orales más intensos y pueden necesitar un tratamiento más intensivo que los pacientes con PMM. El uso de corticosteroides tópicos y/o sistémicos fue suficiente para la mayoría de los casos en ambas enfermedades.

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The aim of this study was to assess the surface and tissue quality of keratinized mucosa grafts (KMG) obtained using the conventional scalpel and mucotome techniques. This was an experimental in vitro/ex vivo study involving six porcine hemi-mandibles. Specimens were harvested using both the mucotome and conventional scalpel techniques, with randomization determining the choice of technique for tissue removal. The specimens were prepared following predefined laboratory protocols and subsequently subjected to optical microscopy for evaluating epithelial and connective tissue and scanning electron microscopy for topographical and 3D profilometry analysis. Tissues harvested using the mucotome exhibited a linear base and uniform thickness, along with the presence of submucosa and fibrous connective tissue, all of which are ideal for graft success. Differences in the surface characteristics of specimens obtained through the two techniques were observed during a comparative analysis of images obtained through both microscopy types. KMG obtained using the mucotome technique displayed greater uniformity and reduced undesirable cell presence compared to the scalpel technique, thereby enhancing the likelihood of success in soft tissue graft surgical procedures. This study provides valuable insights to oral healthcare professionals and may contribute to future research aimed at achieving more successful surgeries, shorter postoperative recovery times, reduced discomfort, and an overall more positive patient experience.

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Esophageal melanocytosis is a rare entity defined by the proliferation of a melanocytic basal layer of the esophageal squamous lining and deposition of melanin in the esophageal mucosa. Esophageal melanocytosis is considered a benign entity of unknown etiology; however, it has been reported as a melanoma precursor. We report a case of esophageal melanocytosis in a diabetic and hypertensive 67-year-old male with recurrent dizziness and syncope for the past 6 months. Given his complaint of dyspepsia, he underwent an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, in which an esophageal biopsy revealed the diagnosis of esophageal melanocytosis. The definitive diagnosis of esophageal melanocytosis can only be made by histological analysis. The histologic differential diagnoses include melanocytic nevi and malignant melanoma. Therefore, they need to be ruled out.

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OBJECTIVES: To assess the influence of two conventional and one adapted cheek and lip retractors and three emissivity setting values on intraoral infrared thermography (IT) temperature values. METHODS: The sample was composed by 50 volunteers. Three cheek and lip retractors were tested: Group 1-flex retractor (FR); Group 2-FR adapted with Styrofoam; Group 3-U-type retractor (UR) for cheek and lip. All thermograms were acquired using FLIR T650 infrared camera. A set of three thermograms in frontal norm were acquired for each lip and cheek retractor at 0.91, 0.96, and 0.98ε, with an interval of 15 min between each set of images to avoid thermal interference. All images were assessed by two observers. The ROIs' mean temperature of the four upper incisors was recorded. Two-way ANOVA and Sidak post-test were used for data assessment with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Group 3 showed higher mean temperature than Groups 1 and 2 at all emissivity settings for all assessed teeth (P < .05). 0.91ε showed higher temperature than 0.96ε and 0.98ε for all assessed variables (P < .01). Contralateral teeth assessed using Group 3 at 0.91ε showed statistical differences between each other (P < .05). No statistical difference was observed between contralateral teeth assessed using Groups 1 and 2 at 0.96ε and 0.98ε (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: The choice of cheek and lip retractor and emissivity setting can interfere on intraoral IT temperature values. U-type cheek and lip retractor and 0.91ε setting should not be used for IT image acquisition when assessing dental tissues.

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BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease that may affect the oral mucosa. The variable spectrum of oral lesions observed in SLE can pose challenges in diagnosis, particularly when the lesions occur in isolation. The aim of this study was to describe the oral lesions occurring in patients with SLE from Latin America. METHODS: This collaborative record-based study involving 11 oral and maxillofacial pathology and medicine services across Venezuela, Argentina, Chile, Brazil, and Mexico describes the clinicopathological profile of SLE-related oral lesions. RESULTS: Seventy patients with SLE and oral lesions were included in the study. The majority were females (75.7%; female/male ratio: 3.1:1) and white (62.1%), with a mean age of 38.4 years (range: 11-77 years). The most common site of oral lesions was the hard/soft palate (32.0%). Clinically, oral lesions predominantly presented as ulcers (26.6%), erosions (26.6%), and white lesions (23.4%). Isolated oral lesions occurred in 65.2% of individuals, while cutaneous manifestations occurred in 80.3%. The main clinical diagnostic hypothesis in 71.4% of cases was an immune-mediated disease. Oral biopsies followed by histopathological analysis were performed in 50 cases. CONCLUSION: Oral lesions of SLE exhibit a variety of clinical and histopathological features. A key point in diagnosis is that unusual oral changes without an obvious local cause may indicate a possible systemic condition presenting with oral lesions. A multidisciplinary approach, which includes regular oral examination, is warranted to identify oral lesions and provide treatment.

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BACKGROUND: The tonsils operate as a protection ring of mucosa at the gates of the upper aero-digestive tract. They show similarities with lymph nodes and participate as inductive organs of systemic and mucosal immunity. Based on the reduction of their size since puberty, they are thought to experience involution in adulthood. In this context, we have used tonsillar mononuclear cells (TMC) isolated from patients at different stages of life, to study the effect of ageing and the concomitant persistent inflammation on these immune cells. RESULTS: We found an age-dependent reduction in the proportion of germinal center B cell population (BGC) and its T cell counterpart (T follicular helper germinal center cells, TfhGC). Also, we demonstrated an increment in the percentage of local memory B cells and mantle zone T follicular helper cells (mTfh). Furthermore, younger tonsils rendered higher proportion of proliferative immune cells within the freshly isolated TMC fraction than those from older ones. We demonstrated the accumulation of a B cell subset (CD20+CD39highCD73+ cells) metabolically adapted to catabolize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as patients get older. To finish, tonsillar B cells from patients at different ages did not show differences in their proliferative response to stimulation ex vivo, in bulk TMC cultures. CONCLUSIONS: This paper sheds light on the changing aspects of the immune cellular landscape, over the course of time and constant exposure, at the entrance of the respiratory and digestive systems. Our findings support the notion that there is a re-modelling of the immune functionality of the excised tonsils over time. They are indicative of a transition from an effector type of immune response, typically oriented to reduce pathogen burden early in life, to the development of an immunosuppressive microenvironment at later stages, when tissue damage control gets critical provided the time passed under immune attack. Noteworthy, when isolated from such histologic microenvironment, older tonsillar B cells seem to level their proliferation capacity with the younger ones. Understanding these features will not only contribute to comprehend the differences in susceptibility to pathogens among children and adults but would also impact on vaccine developments intended to target these relevant mucosal sites.

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Oral Mucosal Lesions (OMLs) are conditions of the oral mucosa that cause alterations in their presentation and pain in the affected patient, highlighting their importance for study. The aim of this research is to determine the prevalence of oral lesions in the Ecuadorian Austro. Descriptive statistics were used to associate variables, yielding statistically significant findings based on oral lesions, sex, and geographical environment. This study was conducted under the appropriate bioethical permissions. The results obtained correspond to the prevalence of lesions by province. Morona Santiago displays a rate of 17% for abscesses, surpassing the provinces of Azuay (13.50%) and Cañar (10.67%). However, gingivitis for pathology, Azuay stands out with 13.17%, while Cañar and Morona Santiago present 10.50% and 8.33%, respectively. There is also a predominant occurrence of abscesses in rural areas (41.17%) compared to urban ones (26.33%). Regarding sex, girls show a higher percentage of abscesses (41.17%) compared to boys who have a clear tendency to present GUM lesions (22.33%). The data indicates that in the studied provinces, geographical environment and sex are key variables to understand the distribution of oral lesions. These findings encourage us to continue pursuing this type of research, which contributes to improving the quality of life for children.

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Objective: to present a 12-month follow-up with photographic and tomographic analyses of the effect of polymethyl methacrylate-based bone cement graft (PMMA) in gingival exposure (GE) in patients with excessive gingival display (EGD). Methods: Twelve patients with EGD were included. The PMMA was surgically placed. A frontal and lateral photograph protocol was performed at baseline (T0), 3 (T3), 6 (T6), and 12 months (T12) post-operatively. Soft tissue cone-beam computed tomography (ST-CBCT) was performed at T0 and T12. Measures included GE, length of the lip vermilion (LLV), lip shape (LS), nose width (NW), filter width (FW), nasolabial angle (NAS) while smiling, and nasolabial angle at rest (NAR). The height, thickness, and volume of the cement graft were also measured in the ST-CBCT. The comparisons were performed by Kruskal-Wallis test at 5 % of significance (p < 0.05). Results: The height, thickness, and volume of the PMMA were respectively 12.84 ± 1.59 mm, 3.83 ± 0.53, and 1532.02 ± 532.52 mm3. PMMA significantly decreased GE from 8.33 ± 1.25 mm (T0) to 6.60 ± 0.93 mm (T12) (p < 0.01). NAR was 98.34 ± 9.28° at T0 and increased to 105.13 ± 7.33° at T12; however, the angle value was not statistically different (p = 0.08). LLV, LS, NW, FW, and NAS did not exhibit statistical differences between the baseline and follow-up periods. Conclusions: PMMA significantly decreased GE in a 12-month follow-up without influencing adjacent soft tissue anatomical structures.

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El conocimiento de la patología oral, y su correcto diagnóstico es fundamental en Odontología, puesto que un diagnóstico tardío, particularmente en casos de lesiones premalignas o malignas, pueden conducir a serias consecuencias para el paciente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer la congruencia diagnóstica clínica - histopatológica de lesiones en cavidad oral en pacientes que asistieron a la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Costa Rica, y a quienes se les realizó biopsia de la lesión, durante el período 2016-2019. El estudio fue descriptivo y retrospectivo, basado en datos de reportes histopatológicos en la población mencionada, por presentar alguna lesión, de tejidos blandos o duros, en cavidad oral. La muestra estadística fue por conveniencia, no probabilística y no aleatoria. Las técnicas estadísticas utilizadas fueron descriptivas para el análisis de la información, el cual se basó en la distribución de frecuencias y cruce de variables. El procesamiento estadístico de los datos se diseñó en una base de datos creada en Excel. La muestra comprendió 160 reportes histopatológicos de los cuales se excluyeron 14. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue 42 años (rango 2 - 78 años). La proporción hombre: mujer correspondió 1:1.4, predominado el sexo femenino en 58,9 %. La congruencia del diagnóstico histopatológico con el diagnóstico clínico correspondió a 55,8 %. La congruencia de los diagnósticos demuestra el conocimiento del profesional en identificar la lesión clínicamente de forma correcta, lo que permite actuar en el momento preciso y confirmar la impresión clínica diagnóstica de una patología mediante el estudio histopatológico, el cual es el estándar oro. El problema radica en aquellos casos en que hay discrepancia diagnóstica, pues exige conocer los factores responsables de esta discrepancia, exige la búsqueda de soluciones y exige reforzar y redireccionar la formación académica del profesional y de los estudiantes para reconocer y describir estas lesiones.

Knowledge of oral pathology and its correct diagnosis is fundamental in Dentistry, since a late diagnosis, particularly in cases of premalignant or malignant lesions, can lead to serious consequences for the patient. The objective of this study was to establish the clinical- histopathological diagnostic consistency of lesions in the oral cavity in patients who attended the Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Costa Rica, and who underwent a biopsy of the lesion, during the period 2016-2019. The study was descriptive and retrospective, based on data from histopathological reports in the mentioned population, due to presenting some lesion, soft or hard tissue, in the oral cavity. The statistical sample was for convenience, non- probabilistic nor random. The statistical techniques used were descriptive for the analysis of the information, which was based on frequency distribution and crossing of variables. The statistical processing of the data was designed in a database created in Excel. The sample collects 160 histopathological reports, of which 14 were excluded. The average age of the patients was 42 years (range between 2 - 78 years old).The male:female ratio corresponded to 1:1.4, with a predominance of the female sex at 58.9 %.The congruence of the histopathological diagnosis with the clinical diagnosis corresponded to 55.8 %. Diagnostic consistency demonstrates knowledge of the professional in correctly identifying the lesion clinically, which allows acting at the precise moment and confirming the diagnostic clinical impression of the pathology via histopathological study which is the gold standard. The problem lies in those cases in which there is a diagnostic discrepancy, since it requires having knowledge of the underlying factors and therefore, requires searching for solutions, reinforcing and redirecting the academic training of professionals and students to recognize and describe these lesions.

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This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of oral mucosal lesions (OML) in domestic waste collectors and their association with occupational exposure to domestic waste. This cross-sectional study included 295 adult men who worked in a waste management company: 129 men were exposed to domestic waste during their labor of waste collection, and 166 were not. The waste collectors used personal protective equipment. The lips, buccal mucosa and sulcus, gum, alveolar ridge, tongue, the floor of the mouth, and soft and hard palate were evaluated. The chi-square or Fisher's exact test assessed the variables associated with OML (P ≤ 0.05). Twenty-five OMLs were observed in 22 volunteers, 8 in the exposed and 17 in the non-exposed group. Actinic cheilitis in the lips and candidiasis were the most common lesions in both groups. OML was not associated with waste exposure (OR= 0.72, 95% CI = 0.29-1.77, P = 0.47). There was no association between domestic waste exposure and actinic cheilitis (OR = 0.70, 95% CI= 0.23-2.15, P = 0.37), candidiasis (OR = 0.42, 95% CI= 0.08-2.12, P = 0.24) or leukoplakia (OR = 0.99, 95% CI= 0.97-1.01, P = 0.32). Actinic cheilitis in the lips and candidiasis were the most common lesions in both exposed and non-exposed groups. Occupational exposure to domestic waste was not related to OML. Proper use of personal protective equipment may have prevented the development of OML in domestic waste collectors. (AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ocorrência de lesões de mucosa oral (LMO) em coletores de lixo doméstico e sua associação com a exposição ocupacional a resíduos domésticos. Este estudo transversal incluiu 295 homens adultos que trabalhavam numa empresa de gestão de resíduos: 129 homens foram expostos a resíduos domésticos durante o seu trabalho de coleta de resíduos e 166 não. Os coletores de lixo usavam equipamentos de proteção individual. Foram avaliados lábios, mucosa bucal e vesticulo, gengiva, rebordo alveolar, língua, assoalho da boca e palato mole e duro. O teste qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher avaliou as variáveis associadas à LMO (P ≤ 0,05). Vinte e cinco LMO foram observadas em 22 voluntários, 8 no grupo exposto e 17 no grupo não exposto. Queilite actínica nos lábios e candidíase foram as lesões mais comuns em ambos os grupos. A LMO não foi associada à exposição a resíduos (OR = 0,72, IC 95% = 0,29-1,77, P = 0,47). Não houve associação entre exposição a resíduos domésticos e queilite actínica (OR = 0,70, IC 95% = 0,23-2,15, P = 0,37), candidíase (OR = 0,42, IC 95% = 0,08-2,12, P = 0,24) ou leucoplasia ( OR = 0,99, IC 95% = 0,97-1,01, P = 0,32). A queilite actínica nos lábios e a candidíase foram as lesões mais comuns nos grupos expostos e não expostos. A exposição ocupacional a resíduos domésticos não esteve relacionada com LMO. O uso adequado de equipamentos de proteção individual pode ter evitado o desenvolvimento de LMO em coletores de lixo doméstico. (AU)

RESUMO

Objective: This scoping review aimed to map the adverse reactions in the oral mucosa and face caused by the use of natural products. Methodology: This review was performed according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, with a protocol registered in the Open Science Framework (DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/R57D8). The search was carried out systematically using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, LILACS, and LIVIVO databases, as well as gray literature through Google Scholar and OpenGrey. Reports of clinical cases on the adverse effects of natural products on the oral mucosa or perioral region of the face resulted from inappropriate use or self-medication were included. Data from the included studies were described in a narrative form. Results: Seven hundred and six studies were identified, and after removing duplicates and applying the eligibility criteria, 28 studies were included. The year of publication ranged from 1976 to 2022. The studies were conducted in 19 countries. Fifty patients were mentioned in the included studies and 34 were female (68%). The natural products most related to adverse reactions were propolis (n = 17), with manifestations such as perioral eczema, edema, erosions, erythema, allergic contact dermatitis, and garlic (n = 9), with manifestations such as chemical burn, burning sensation, vesicles and blisters, crusts, and ulcerations. Conclusion: Propolis and garlic were the natural products with the most reported adverse effects on the oral mucosa and perioral region.

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RESUMO

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is a rare benign neoplasm that can be mistaken for malignancies due to its unfamiliarity among clinicians and aggressive clinical appearance. We herein contributed by reporting an additional case of MNTI characterized by an extensive extraoral protrusion in a 2-month-old infant. The lesion involved the anterior maxilla, cheek, and infraorbital region, resulting the displacement of the nose to the contralateral side, and measuring approximately 10 cm in size. Surgical resection of the lesion was performed. After a 6-month follow-up, the patient has shown no evidence of recurrence. The rapid growth and aggressive behavior of MNTI emphasize the importance of an early diagnosis and prompt intervention in order to achieve favorable outcomes.

Assuntos