RESUMO
Immunoglobulin molecules play an important role in the immune defense system in all jawed vertebrates, by protecting the organism from a wide variety of pathogens. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is extensively cultivated worldwide, with a strong established market demand. It constitutes one of the model species for the study of fish immunology and its genome is currently fully sequenced. The presence of the immunoglobulin M gene in this species is well documented, as well as its major role in systemic immunity. To date, the IgT gene from O. niloticus has not been identified and, therefore, no information is available on the role of this immunoglobulin isotype in the immune response in tilapia. In the present work, novel secreted and membrane immunoglobulin T isotypes and a fragment of IgM were isolated from tilapia head kidney lymphocytes. Their transcriptional profiles were analyzed by quantitative PCR in larval development and in different tissues of healthy or lipopolysaccharide/Edwardsiella tarda-challenged tilapia adults. The presence of IgT and IgM were detected in early stages of larval development. Additionally, these genes exhibited differential expression profiles in basal conditions and after E. tarda infection in adult tilapia, in accord with the proposed effector functions of these immunoglobulins in the systemic and mucosal compartments. Our results suggest the potential involvement of this new Ig in mucosal immunity in tilapia.
Assuntos
Ciclídeos/imunologia , Doenças dos Peixes/imunologia , Proteínas de Peixes/imunologia , Imunidade nas Mucosas , Imunoglobulinas/imunologia , Animais , Biomarcadores , Edwardsiella tarda/imunologia , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/imunologia , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/veterinária , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/virologia , Doenças dos Peixes/microbiologia , Proteínas de Peixes/genética , Proteínas de Peixes/isolamento & purificação , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Rim Cefálico/citologia , Imunoglobulinas/genética , Imunoglobulinas/isolamento & purificação , Larva/imunologia , Lipopolissacarídeos/imunologia , Linfócitos/metabolismo , FilogeniaRESUMO
Camels are good milk producers and the selected animals are as good as the top cows for milk production. The camel milk has features that make it not only good as a supplement in the diet of humans, but in certain conditions such as allergies (does not contain beta-lactoglobulin, the cow's milk most important allergenic protein), lactose intolerance, general infections, diabetes, and even could be considered useful in the diet of patients with autism. Its use is, unfortunately, restricted to some populations where this animal is native. By its chemical composition does not clot in an acidic environment; it is rich in insulin, contains small dimeric immunoglobulins which suggest its use in molecular engineering. In conclusion, for its usefulness, camel farming should be encouraged, since these animals may become endangered animals.
Los camellos son buenos productores de leche y los animales seleccionados para esta finalidad, la producen en cantidad y calidad excelentes. La leche tiene características que hace bien no sólo como complemento alimenticio en la dieta de los seres humanos, sino también en ciertas condiciones, tales como alergias (no contiene beta-lactoglobulina, la proteína más alergénica de la leche de vaca), intolerancia a la lactosa, infecciones en general, diabetes y incluso podría considerarse útil en la alimentación de personas con autismo. Su uso está restringido a algunas poblaciones donde este animal es nativo. Por su composición química no se coagula en un medio ácido. Contiene gran cantidad de insulina y sus proteínas especiales sugieren el uso en la ingeniería molecular. En conclusión, la crianza de camellos debería estimularse, dado que estos animales están en peligro de extinción.