RESUMO
Ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEN), and deoxynivalenol (DON) are mycotoxins whose exposure is associated with various adverse health effects, including cancer and renal disorders, estrogenic effects, and immunosuppressive and gastrointestinal disorders, respectively. Infants (<2 years) are the most vulnerable group to mycotoxins, representing a unique combination of restricted food consumption types, low body weight, lower ability to eliminate toxins, and more future years to accumulate toxins. This study aimed to estimate the infantÌs exposure to OTA, DON, and ZEN due to the consumption of milk formula and baby cereals in Chile. Milk formula samples (n = 41) and baby cereals (n = 30) were collected and analyzed using commercial ELISA kits for OTA, DON, and ZEA determination. Exposure was assessed by the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) approach (mean and worst-case scenario, WCS) with the levels found in a modified Lower Bound (mLB) and Upper Bound (UB); ideal consumption (<6m, 7-12 m, and 13-24 m); adjusted by the weight of each group. The risk was estimated by comparing the EDI with a reference tolerable daily intake or by the margin of exposure (MOE) in the case of OTA. DON and OTA occurrence in infant formula were 34 % and 41 %, respectively. The co-occurrence between these mycotoxins was 22 %. Mycotoxin contents were below LOQ values except for OTA determined in one sample (0.29 ng/ml). No milk formulae were contaminated with ZEN. In the case of baby cereals, the occurrences were 17 % for OTA, 30 % for DON, and 7 % for ZEN, all below LOQ. Co-occurrence was seen in two samples between ZEN and OTA. According to exposure calculations, the MOE for OTA was less than 10,000 in all models for milk formula between 0 to 12 months of age and in the UB and WCS for cereal consumption. Health concerns were observed for DON in the WCS and UB for milk consumption in all ages and only in the UB WCS for cereal consumption. Considering the high consumption of milk formula in these age groups, regulation of OTA and other co-occurring mycotoxins in infant milk and food is strongly suggested.
Assuntos
Exposição Dietética , Grão Comestível , Contaminação de Alimentos , Fórmulas Infantis , Ocratoxinas , Tricotecenos , Zearalenona , Humanos , Zearalenona/análise , Fórmulas Infantis/química , Chile , Grão Comestível/química , Lactente , Tricotecenos/análise , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Ocratoxinas/análise , Exposição Dietética/análise , Exposição Dietética/efeitos adversos , Medição de Risco , Recém-Nascido , Alimentos Infantis/análiseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The exploitative marketing of commercial milk formula (CMF) reduces breastfeeding, and harms child and maternal health globally. Yet forty years after the International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes (The Code) was adopted by WHO member states, many countries are still to fully implement its provisions into national law. Furthermore, despite The Code, worldwide CMF markets have markedly expanded. In this paper, we adopt Brazil as a case study to understand the power of the baby food industry's marketing and corporate political activity, and how this influences the country's 'first-food system' in ways that promote and sustain CMF consumption. METHODS: We used a case study design, drawing data from from documents and key informant interviews (N = 10). RESULTS: Breastfeeding rates plummeted in Brazil to a historic low in the 1970s. A resurgence in breastfeeding from the mid-1980s onwards reflected strengthening political commitment for a national policy framework and breastfeeding protection law, resulting in-turn, from collective actions by breastfeeding coalitions, advocates, and mothers. Yet more recently, improvements in breastfeeding have plateaued in Brazil, while the industry grew CMF sales in Brazil by 750% between 2006 and 20. As regulations tightened, the industry has more aggressively promoted CMF for older infants and young children, as well as specialised formulas. The baby food industry is empowered through association with powerful industry groups, and employs lobbyists with good access to policymakers. The industry has captured the pediatric profession in Brazil through its long-standing association with the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics. CONCLUSION: Brazil illustrates how the baby food industry uses marketing and political activity to promote and sustain CMF markets, to the detriment of breastfeeding. Our results demonstrate that this industry requires much greater scrutiny by regulators.
Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno , Alimentos Infantis , Lactente , Feminino , Humanos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Brasil , Marketing , Indústria AlimentíciaRESUMO
Introduction: Breastfeeding (BF) is considered an essential component of optimal care for child health and development. In the past two decades, global data have shown improvements in some, but not all, BF indicators. Despite these positive changes sales and per capita intake of commercial milk formula (CMF) have increased globally. The CMF industry invests millions of dollars in marketing, which targets families and healthcare professionals (HCP). In Mexico, more than half of the mothers (53%) who feed their infants with CMF chose their Brand on the recommendation of HCP. Understanding the reasons behind the current recommendations for the use of CMF by HCP is important for the design of BF interventions. The primary objective of this study was to explore Mexican HCP' beliefs, attitudes, perceptions, and practices about early infant feeding practices, and reasons for recommending CMF. The secondary objective was to explore pregnant women and mother's perceptions of the infant feeding recommendations they received from HCP, and of the factors that influenced their infant feeding decisions. Methods: The study was based on a secondary qualitative data analysis of a WHO/UNICEF multi-country study. We analyzed focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) from Mexico. Data were collected through convenience sampling in Mexico City and Guadalajara. HCP (n = 34) analysis was based on IDIs, and pregnant women or mothers of children 0-18 months (n = 74) on FGDs and IDIs. Results: Through a thematic analysis, we identified the socioecology of BF and triangulated HCP and women's accounts. HCP, pregnant women, and mothers recognized that several factors might have influenced their infant feeding decisions including healthcare facilities' policies and maternal work conditions. Although HCP believed that BF is the best way to feed newborns and young children, they routinely recommended CMF. On the other hand, pregnant women and mothers had a strong belief that BF is the best way to feed their babies. However, when women sought support from HCP, the latter often recommended switching to CMF. Discussion: This study highlights the discordance between HCP perceptions and mothers' experiences of HCP recommendations about infant feeding. Our findings support a national call for policy actions.
Assuntos
Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Leite , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Aleitamento Materno , México , MãesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Parents are exposed to breastmilk substitutes and baby foods marketing on the internet and social media, which hinders adequate breastfeeding and complementary feeding. This study identifies digital marketing strategies for breastmilk substitutes, specifically commercial milk formula and baby foods used by the industry to influence infant and young children's feeding practices in Mexico and proposes regulatory recommendations that can be useful for similar countries. METHODS: Qualitative study based on the CLICK monitoring framework developed by the World Health Organization, adapted for digital marketing of commercial milk formula and baby foods. Semi-structured interviews (n = 53) with key actors were conducted between November 2020 and March 2021, and used grounded theory for the analysis and interpretation with the MAXQDA 20 software. RESULTS: Commercial milk formula and baby food companies use digital media to contact and persuade parents to use their products by sending electronic newsletters with advertising. Companies hire influencers to market their products because there is no regulation prohibiting the advertisement of breastmilk substitutes on social media, and promote formula among health professionals inviting them to participate in sponsored webinars on infant nutrition, ignoring conflict of interest and the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes. Parents trust formula and baby food advertisements, which use emotional messages and health and nutrition claims to encourage their consumption. Health professionals consider that claims contribute to the indiscriminate use of formula, and some actors propose the use of plain packaging for these products. CONCLUSIONS: Breastmilk substitutes companies promote their products in digital media using unethical strategies that fail to comply with the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes. They generate strong conflicts of interest with health professionals, taking advantage of legal framework gaps and the lack of monitoring and effective sanctions for non-compliers. Updating the legal framework and monitoring compliance, including digital media, is urgently needed to protect children's right to breastfeeding, healthy nutrition and life, and the rights of women to health and informed decision-making.
Assuntos
Internet , Leite Humano , Lactente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , México , Alimentos Infantis , Marketing , Aleitamento MaternoRESUMO
Objetivo: existem evidências inconclusivas sobre a potencial carogenicidade das fórmulas lácteas em comparação com o leite materno. O estudo teve como objetivo comparar a detecção e contagem de Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans) e lactobacilos da saliva entre lactentes alimentados com leite materno (B), com fórmulas de leite puro (France Lait-FL) e suplementada com probióticos (Nan 1 optipro-N), e avaliar crescimento in vitro dessas bactérias em amostras de leite materno e fórmulas lácteas. Material e Métodos: amostras salivares foram obtidas com swabs de algodão estéreis de 60 lactentes que foram agrupados de acordo com o tipo de leite. As amostras foram cultivadas para obter a frequência de detecção e contagens bacterianas. Para a investigação in vitro, sete amostras de leite materno doado e sete amostras recém-preparadas de ambas as fórmulas lácteas foram inoculadas por ambas as bactérias e então cultivadas para avaliar o crescimento bacteriano. Resultados:lactobacilos foram detectados em todos os lactentes, enquanto não foram encontradas diferenças significativas na detecção de S. mutans entre os grupos. As contagens de ambos os microrganismos na saliva foram menores em (B), enquanto uma diferença insignificante foi encontrada entre (B) e (N). Diferenças significativas foram evidentes nas contagens bacterianas in vitro sendo mais baixas em (B) seguido por (N) e (FL). Conclusão: o leite materno e as fórmulas lácteas com suplementos probióticos podem ter um papel protetor contra a cárie dentária em lactentes. (AU)
Objective: inconclusive evidence exists regarding potential cariogenicity of milk formulas compared to breast milk. The study aimed to compare Salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and lactobacilli detection and counts among breastfed (B), plain formula (France Lait 1) (FL) and probiotic supplemented formula (Nan 1 optipro) (N) infants and to assess in-vitro growth of these bacteria in breast milk and milk formula samples. Material and Methods:salivary samples were obtained using sterile cotton swabs from 60 infants that were grouped according to nursing milk type. Samples were cultured to obtain the detection frequency and bacterial counts. For the in-vitro investigation, seven donated breast milk samples and seven freshly prepared samples of both milk formulas were inoculated by both bacteria and then cultured to assess bacterial growth. Results:lactobacilli were detected in all infants, while no significant differences were found in S. mutans detection among groups. Counts of both microorganisms in saliva were lowest in (B) while, insignificant difference was found between (B) and (N). Significant differences were evident in in-vitro bacterial counts being lowest in (B) followed by (N) and (FL). Conclusion: breast milk and probiotic supplement infants' milk formulas may have a protective role against dental caries in infants.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Streptococcus mutans , Probióticos , Cárie Dentária , Fórmulas Infantis , Lactobacillus , Leite HumanoRESUMO
El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar el posible efecto protector de la lactancia materna respecto a la obesidad infantil versus fórmulas lácteas. Se consultaron las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science y Scielo, considerándose los artículos más actualizados sobre el tema. La evidencia analizada señala que los menores alimentados con lactancia materna exclusiva reportan bajos niveles de sobrepeso y obesidad, a diferencia de los alimentados con fórmulas lácteas infantiles. Se concluye que la lactancia materna exclusiva, hasta el sexto mes de vida del lactante, y complementada con alimentación solida (no láctea) hasta los dos o más años, es recomendada y podría proteger contra la obesidad infantil y sus comorbilidades asociadas en la vida adulta.
The aim was to review the evidence supporting the possible health benefits for obesity of breastfeeding versus formula feeding in infants. The search for studies addressing this topic was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and Scielo databases. "Breastfeeding", "formula feeding" and "obesity" were the keywords used in the search. Only studies with a full version of the manuscript were included. The evidence analyzed indicated that children fed exclusively through breastfeeding reported low levels of overweight and obesity in comparison to those fed by infant milk formulas. To conclude, exclusive breastfeeding until the sixth month of life, and supplementation with solid (non-dairy) food until two years and more, is the gold standard and could protect against childhood obesity and its associated comorbidities in adult life.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Aleitamento Materno , Laticínios , Fórmulas Infantis , Obesidade Infantil/prevenção & controleRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Fortification of milk formulas with iron is a strategy widely used, but the absorption of non-heme iron is low. The purpose of this study was to measure the bioavailability of two iron fortified milk formulas designed to cover toddlers´ nutritional needs. These milks were fortified with iron sulfate stabilized with maltodextrin and citric acid. METHODS: 15 women (33-47 years old) participated in study. They received on different days, after an overnight fast, 200 mL of Formula A; 200 mL of Formula B; 30 mL of a solution of iron and ascorbic acid as reference dose and 200 mL of full fat cow's milk fortified with iron as ferrous sulfate. Milk formulas and reference dose were labeled with radioisotopes (59)Fe or (55)Fe, and the absorption of iron measured by erythrocyte incorporation of radioactive Fe. RESULTS: The geometric mean iron absorption corrected to 40% of the reference dose was 20.6% for Formula A and 20.7% for Formula B, versus 7.5% of iron fortified cow's milk (p < 0.001). The post hoc Sheffé indeed differences between the milk formulas and the cow's milk (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Formulas A and B contain highly bioavailable iron, which contributes to covering toddlers´ requirements of this micronutrient.
Assuntos
Ácido Cítrico , Compostos Ferrosos/farmacocinética , Fórmulas Infantis/química , Absorção Intestinal , Ferro/farmacocinética , Leite , Polissacarídeos , Adulto , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Pré-Escolar , Dieta , Feminino , Compostos Ferrosos/sangue , Alimentos Fortificados , Humanos , Lactente , Ferro/sangue , Isótopos de Ferro/metabolismo , Ferro da Dieta/sangue , Ferro da Dieta/farmacocinética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oligoelementos/sangue , Oligoelementos/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVO Dada la amplia diversidad existente de probióticos y las distintas formas y dosis de administración, es esencial conocer en detalle evidencia científica disponible con el objetivo de determinar con claridad los beneficios sanitarios y los potenciales efectos adversos que su administración pudiese generar en la población. En este contexto el Departamento de Nutrición y Alimentos/DIPOL solicitan esta síntesis de evidencia con el objetivo de describir los principales resultados científicos relativos al efecto clínico de la suplementación alimentaria con probióticos, en lactantes y niños no prematuros. METODOLOGÍA Se formuló una estrategia de búsqueda para ser utilizada en 5 bases de datos con el objetivo de identificar revisiones sistemáticas del tema. Se seleccionaron preferentemente las que se realizaron en los últimos 5 años y que abordaban específicamente el impacto directo en la leche de fórmula sobre niños no prematuros. Se incluyeron artículos que consideraban la ingesta de probióticos en general, mientras que se excluyeron los que no tenían como población objetivo a niños o lactantes. RESULTADOS El resumen utiliza 13 revisiones sistemáticas -El uso de probióticos sería beneficioso para el tratamiento y prevención de enfermedades gastrointestinales en infantes y niños, no obstante, no es claro su impacto sobre algunas de estas enfermedades. -Los probióticos tiene un efecto beneficioso en la frecuencia y duración de infecciones agudas respiratorias altas en niños. Sin embargo, los resultados presentan alta heterogeneidad. -La suplementación de la alimentación con probióticos produce una disminución de la incidencia y gravedad de la dermatitis atópica en niños. La evidencia en la prevención de otras enfermedades alérgicas no es clara. -No está claro si hay un efecto significativo en el crecimiento de infantes alimentados con leche de formula suplementada con probióticos. -La escasa evidencia disponible muestra que la suplementación de la alimentación con probióticos no produciría efectos adversos. -Pese al posible efecto que pudiese tener el financiamiento por parte de la industria en la calidad metodológica y efecto clínico de los ensayos clínicos controlados, no existiría una asociación significativa de sesgo de resultados en comparación con estudios financiados con otro tipo de fuentes.
Assuntos
Criança , Lactente , Chile , Leite em Pó Integral , Gastroenteropatias/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Infant milk formulas are not sterile products, and pathogenic bacteria can survive and multiply in these products. This study was performed, initially, to detect the presence of Salmonella spp. in reconstituted infant milk formula and on utensils previously sanitized used in their preparation or distribution in a nursery of a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro. None of the samples tested carried Salmonellaspp. However, further identification of colonies growing on the selective media revealed the presence of several other gram-negative bacteria. Seventeen isolates were identified as belonging to Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex. Fourteen isolates presented a multidrug-resistance profile, by disc diffusion assays, and one of them--JE4--was also resistant to imipenem. The detection of Acinetobacter isolates in this work demonstrates inadequate hygiene practices in the preparation or distribution of infant milk formula.
Assuntos
Acinetobacter baumannii/isolamento & purificação , Utensílios de Alimentação e Culinária , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Fórmulas Infantis/microbiologia , Berçários para Lactentes , Acinetobacter baumannii/efeitos dos fármacos , Brasil , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Humanos , Lactente , Salmonella/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar el porcentaje de ácido palmítico en la posición sn-2 de los triacilgliceroles en sustitutos de la leche materna. Se analizaron 6 productos del mercado argentino que se presentan como sustitutos de la leche materna durante el primer semestre de vida: 2 fórmulas con aceites vegetales como fuente básica de lípidos (F1 y F2); 1 fórmula con grasa láctea como base y aceites vegetales (F3); 1 fórmula con lípidos estructurados y aceites vegetales (F4); 2 fórmulas para prematuros, una con grasa láctea como base y otros aceites (F5) y otra con aceites vegetales (F6). Los resultados muestran que F1, F2, F3 y F4 presentaron 14,6%, 14,8%, 48,1% y 44,5% del ácido palmítico en la posición sn-2, respectivamente. Por su parte, las fórmulas F5 y F6 presentaron 49,5% y 14,6% delácido palmítico en la posición sn-2. Las fórmulas con base láctea presentaron la mayor concentración de ácido palmítico en la posición sn-2.(AU)
The aim of this study was to analyze the percentage of palmitic acid at sn-2 position on triacylglycerols in infant formulas. We studied 6 infant formulas in the Argentinean market that are used as breast-milk substitutes during the frst six months after delivery: 2 formulas with vegetable oils as basic source of lipids (F1, F2); 1 formula with milk fat and vegetable oils (F3); 1 formula with structured lipids and vegetable oils (F4); 2 formulas for pre-term infants, one with milk fat and other oils (F5), and the other with vegetable oils (F6). Results showed that F1, F2, F3 and F4 presented 14.6%, 14.8%, 48.1% and 44.5%, respectively, of palmitic acid at sn-2 position, whereas formulas F5 and F6 had 49.5% and 14.6%, respectively, of palmitic acid at sn-2 position. Milk-based infant formulas had the highest concentration of palmitic acid at sn-2 position.(AU)
Assuntos
Alimentos Infantis/análise , Substitutos do Leite/química , Ácido Palmítico/análise , Triglicerídeos/análiseRESUMO
El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar el porcentaje de ácido palmítico en la posición sn-2 de los triacilgliceroles en sustitutos de la leche materna. Se analizaron 6 productos del mercado argentino que se presentan como sustitutos de la leche materna durante el primer semestre de vida: 2 fórmulas con aceites vegetales como fuente básica de lípidos (F1 y F2); 1 fórmula con grasa láctea como base y aceites vegetales (F3); 1 fórmula con lípidos estructurados y aceites vegetales (F4); 2 fórmulas para prematuros, una con grasa láctea como base y otros aceites (F5) y otra con aceites vegetales (F6). Los resultados muestran que F1, F2, F3 y F4 presentaron 14,6%, 14,8%, 48,1% y 44,5% del ácido palmítico en la posición sn-2, respectivamente. Por su parte, las fórmulas F5 y F6 presentaron 49,5% y 14,6% delácido palmítico en la posición sn-2. Las fórmulas con base láctea presentaron la mayor concentración de ácido palmítico en la posición sn-2.(AU)
The aim of this study was to analyze the percentage of palmitic acid at sn-2 position on triacylglycerols in infant formulas. We studied 6 infant formulas in the Argentinean market that are used as breast-milk substitutes during the frst six months after delivery: 2 formulas with vegetable oils as basic source of lipids (F1, F2); 1 formula with milk fat and vegetable oils (F3); 1 formula with structured lipids and vegetable oils (F4); 2 formulas for pre-term infants, one with milk fat and other oils (F5), and the other with vegetable oils (F6). Results showed that F1, F2, F3 and F4 presented 14.6%, 14.8%, 48.1% and 44.5%, respectively, of palmitic acid at sn-2 position, whereas formulas F5 and F6 had 49.5% and 14.6%, respectively, of palmitic acid at sn-2 position. Milk-based infant formulas had the highest concentration of palmitic acid at sn-2 position.(AU)
RESUMO
El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar el porcentaje de ácido palmítico en la posición sn-2 de los triacilgliceroles en sustitutos de la leche materna. Se analizaron 6 productos del mercado argentino que se presentan como sustitutos de la leche materna durante el primer semestre de vida: 2 fórmulas con aceites vegetales como fuente básica de lípidos (F1 y F2); 1 fórmula con grasa láctea como base y aceites vegetales (F3); 1 fórmula con lípidos estructurados y aceites vegetales (F4); 2 fórmulas para prematuros, una con grasa láctea como base y otros aceites (F5) y otra con aceites vegetales (F6). Los resultados muestran que F1, F2, F3 y F4 presentaron 14,6%, 14,8%, 48,1% y 44,5% del ácido palmítico en la posición sn-2, respectivamente. Por su parte, las fórmulas F5 y F6 presentaron 49,5% y 14,6% delácido palmítico en la posición sn-2. Las fórmulas con base láctea presentaron la mayor concentración de ácido palmítico en la posición sn-2.
The aim of this study was to analyze the percentage of palmitic acid at sn-2 position on triacylglycerols in infant formulas. We studied 6 infant formulas in the Argentinean market that are used as breast-milk substitutes during the frst six months after delivery: 2 formulas with vegetable oils as basic source of lipids (F1, F2); 1 formula with milk fat and vegetable oils (F3); 1 formula with structured lipids and vegetable oils (F4); 2 formulas for pre-term infants, one with milk fat and other oils (F5), and the other with vegetable oils (F6). Results showed that F1, F2, F3 and F4 presented 14.6%, 14.8%, 48.1% and 44.5%, respectively, of palmitic acid at sn-2 position, whereas formulas F5 and F6 had 49.5% and 14.6%, respectively, of palmitic acid at sn-2 position. Milk-based infant formulas had the highest concentration of palmitic acid at sn-2 position.
Assuntos
Alimentos Infantis/análise , Substitutos do Leite/química , Ácido Palmítico/análise , Triglicerídeos/análiseRESUMO
The objective of the present trial was to evaluate the thermal resistance of S. Enteritidis, S. Panama and S. Infantis, which were experimentally inoculated into the reconstituted infant milk formula. Samples of contaminated reconstituted milk were submitted to 60º, 70º, and 80ºC in a water - bath for 5 minutes. Salmonella spp. quantification was performed by means of Most Probable Number (MPN) technique. After thermal treatment at 60ºC, the mean count reductions in population of S. Enteritidis, S. Panamá, and S. Infantis were equal to 5.13, 4.63, and 4.82 log cycles, respectively. In heating at 70ºC, the means reductions were 6.42, 5.56, and 6.56 log cycles, respectively. At 80ºC there was no recovery of Salmonella spp. from analysed samples. Tukey"s multiple comparison analysis showed that there were no significant differences on thermal resistance of three Salmonella strains at 60ºC and 70ºC. The present study showed that the treatments at 60º and 70ºC for 5 minutes were not enough to eliminate all Salmonella spp. population (106 MPN/mL) experimentally inoculated into the infant milk, showing the importance of the precautions during the milk manufacturing and manipulation steps, which were considered critical control points in preparing these foods.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência térmica de S. Enteritidis, S. Panama e S. Infantis emfórmula láctea infantil em pó reconstituída, experimentalmente contaminada. As amostras de leitereconstituídas foram contaminadas e submetidas às temperaturas de 60º, 70º e 80ºC, em banho de imersão,por 5 minutos. A quantificação de Salmonella spp. foi realizada pela técnica do NMP (Número MaisProvável). Após o tratamento térmico a 60C, houve um decréscimo na população de S. Enteritidis, S.Panama e S. Infantis de, em média, 5,13; 4,63 e 4,82 ciclos logarítmicos, respectivamente. Com oaquecimento a 70C as reduções médias foram de 6,42; 5,56 e 6,56 ciclos logarítmicos, respectivamente.A 80º C não se detectou Salmonella spp. nas amostras analisadas. Por meio da análise de comparaçãomúltipla de Tukey observou-se que não houve diferença significativa, com relação à resistência térmica,entre as três cepas de Salmonella estudadas às temperaturas de 60º C e 70ºC. Os resultados do presenteestudo demonstraram que os tratamentos térmicos a 60 e 70C/5 minutos não foram suficientes paraeliminar toda população de Salmonella spp. (106 NMP/mL) inoculada na fórmula láctea infantil,demonstrando a importância dos cuidados nas etapas de preparo e manipulação desses alimentos,consideradas como pontos críticos de controle.