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Background: Surgical resection for carotid body tumors (CBTs) is the gold standard of treatment and continues to be a challenging procedure, commonly associated with high vascular injury rates and neurological complications. Methods: It is a retrospective case series study between January 2002 and November 2020, with a mean follow-up of 29 months in a single nationwide referral center. Thirty-one patients diagnosed with a carotid body tumor and treated with microsurgical periadventitial resection were included in the study. Patients' demographics, comorbidities, clinical, radiological factors, and tumor grade, evaluated by the Shamblin scale, were obtained. Statistical analysis was performed on all collected data. Results: In this study, we included 31 patients (32 tumors), 80% of the patients were female, and 20% were male, with a mean age of 53 years. One patient presented with bilateral lesions, while 17 tumors were located on the left side. The most frequent symptom was a painless, slow-growing neck mass in 74% of patients. Using the Shamblin classification, 13% of tumors were Grade I, 53% Grade II, and 34% Grade III. In the postoperative period, 3% of patients presented with permanent cranial nerve deficit, while none had vascular injuries or postoperative stroke. A tumor >5 cm increased the risk for nerve lesion by 11 times (OR 12.6, CI 95% 7.4-11.4, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Preoperative embolization followed by periadventitial resection by means of a microsurgical technique is a safe and effective approach to remove CBT, with 3% cranial nerve injury rate and no need for vascular sacrifice or reconstruction.
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One of the most popular treatment strategies for complex cerebral aneurysms with wide necks is stent-assisted coiling.1 Although it is a minimally invasive technique, it is associated with higher recurrence rates (approximately 20%) compared with surgical clipping.2 Recanalization is more common principally in ruptured aneurysms as well as in giant aneurysms, aneurysms located in the posterior circulation, aneurysms with a relatively wide neck morphology, and aneurysms followed for >1 year.2-6 Tirakotai et al. classified the indications for surgical treatment after coiling into 3 groups: 1) surgery of incompletely coiled aneurysms; 2) surgery for mass effects on neural structures; 3) surgery for vascular complications.7 Recanalization, if significant, often requires retreatment. Retreating with additional coils fails in perhaps 50% of cases.3 On the other hand, surgical clipping is complicated and difficult to perform. Recanalized aneurysms are categorized into 3 types: type I, coils are compressed; type II, coils are migrated; type III, coils are migrated, and multiple coils fill its neck or the parent artery. Direct clipping can be applied to types I and II, whereas trapping, wrapping, or auxiliary revascularization is required in type III.2 Coil extraction should not be attempted regularly because it is associated with high morbidity.8 In this three-dimensional video, we present the microsurgical treatment of a type I recanalized anterior communicating artery aneurysm, which in serial digital subtraction angiography control scans showed residual patency, progressive growth, and changes in its hemodynamic behavior (Video).
Assuntos
Aneurisma Roto , Embolização Terapêutica , Aneurisma Intracraniano , Aneurisma Roto/complicações , Aneurisma Roto/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma Roto/cirurgia , Angiografia Cerebral , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraniano/complicações , Aneurisma Intracraniano/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma Intracraniano/cirurgia , Recidiva , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Aneurysms are the most frequent issue for the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). PICA aneurysms account for 1.4% to 4.5% of all intracranial aneurysms.1-3 Although the majority of PICA aneurysms arise from their junction with the vertebral artery, they can be found in any of 5 segments.4,5 Although PICA is more prone to form nonsaccular aneurysms than other intracranial arteries, ruptured aneurysms are usually saccular.6 Nearly all PICA aneurysms are located intracranially, above the foramen magnum. Extracranial PICA aneurysms are rare, with few reports in literature.7 Microsurgical clipping remains a good treatment alternative for these aneurysms. Higher risk of rerupture has even been reported with embolization of the distal PICA aneurysm with parent artery preservation.8 Here we present the case of a 64-year-old male patient who presented right after a thunderclap headache, followed by a temporary loss of consciousness and disorientation. He was diagnosed with a modified Fisher 4 and Hunt and Hess 2 subarachnoid hemorrhage and found to have a partially thrombosed left PICA saccular aneurysm of the caudal loop just below the foramen magnum. The lesion was approached via a midline suboccipital craniotomy with C1 laminectomy. Microsurgical clipping of the aneurysm was performed without any complications (Video 1). Postoperatively, the patient was discharged without neurologic deficits. We present the first surgical video of the necessary steps in order to perform a microsurgical clipping of an extracranially located caudal loop PICA aneurysm through a midline suboccipital craniotomy with C1 laminectomy.
Assuntos
Aneurisma Roto , Aneurisma Intracraniano , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea , Pontos de Referência Anatômicos , Aneurisma Roto/complicações , Aneurisma Roto/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma Roto/cirurgia , Cerebelo/irrigação sanguínea , Cerebelo/diagnóstico por imagem , Cerebelo/cirurgia , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraniano/complicações , Aneurisma Intracraniano/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma Intracraniano/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/etiologia , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/cirurgia , Artéria Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Vertebral/cirurgiaRESUMO
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are congenital neurovascular disorders frequently manifested in young adults. The clinical presentation is variable and depends on its location, size, and ability to steal flow from adjacent areas, but it depends mainly on the occurrence of bleeding.1 The treatment of these lesions when located in eloquent areas, especially around the central sulcus, is controversial. Surgical resection of an AVM in the central lobe may cause postoperative sensorimotor deficits because this anatomic region includes the precentral and postcentral gyri on the lateral surface and paracentral lobule on the medial surface.2 AVMs can be successfully treated by surgery, but this treatment may pose unacceptable risks to the patient if the AVM involves an eloquent cortex. We consider that surgical removal of many of these lesions is feasible when preoperative planning is performed,3 when it is based on deep anatomic knowledge, and particularly when using a refined microsurgical technique.1 In this 3-dimensional Video 1, we present a case of a cerebral AVM of the central sulcus in which we achieved complete resection with microsurgical treatment without any neurologic sequelae for the patient. The patient consented to publication of images.
Assuntos
Embolização Terapêutica , Malformações Arteriovenosas Intracranianas , Córtex Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Córtex Cerebral/cirurgia , Humanos , Malformações Arteriovenosas Intracranianas/complicações , Malformações Arteriovenosas Intracranianas/diagnóstico por imagem , Malformações Arteriovenosas Intracranianas/cirurgia , Microcirurgia/métodos , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos , Período Pós-Operatório , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introducción: Los aneurismas del segmento comunicante posterior representan aproximadamente 25% de todos los aneurismas intracraneales, y el 50% de los aneurismas de la arteria carótida interna. El objetivo fue evaluar la eficacia del tratamiento quirúrgico y endovascular en el manejo de aneurismas de esta localización. Material y Métodos: Estudio comparativo retrospectivo. Se revisó las historias clínicas de pacientes con aneurisma del segmento comunicante posterior que ingresaron al departamento de Neurocirugía del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara durante el periodo 2010-2017. Se comparó estancia hospitalaria, complicaciones, mortalidad y estado funcional a los 12 meses, en relación al tratamiento recibido, microquirúrgico o endovascular. Resultados: Se evaluaron 256 pacientes, 111 (43,36%) recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico, y 145 (56,64%) endovascular. En el caso de aneurismas rotos, el estado de independencia funcional fue alcanzado por 68 (66,7%) y 69 (70,4%) pacientes que recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico y endovascular, respectivamente (OR:0.84, IC 95%: 0.461.53; p=0.505). Se presentaron complicaciones neurológicas en 37 (36,3%) y 34 (34.7%) pacientes sometidos a tratamiento microquirúrgico y endovascular, respectivamente (OR: 1.07, IC 95%: 0.601.91; p=0.912). La estancia hospitalaria promedio fue 19,55±13.85 y 14.06±14.97 días, para pacientes con tratamiento quirúrgico y endovascular, respectivamente (p<0.008). La mortalidad fue 11,8% y 11,2%, con ligera predominancia en el grupo tratado quirúrgicamente (OR: 1.05, IC 95%: 0.442.52; p=0.904). Conclusiones: No existe diferencia significativa respecto al resultado funcional a los 12 meses, complicaciones y mortalidad entre ambos tipos de tratamiento en el caso de aneurismas rotos. Los pacientes sometidos a terapia endovascular tuvieron de forma significativa menor estancia hospitalaria
Background: Posterior communicating segment aneurysms represent about the 25% of all intracranial aneurysms and the 50% of the internal carotid artery aneurysms. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the surgical and endovascular treatments in the management of the aneurysms of this localization. Methods: Comparative and retrospective study. Clinical charts of patients with aneurysms of the posterior communicating segment were reviewed during the period from 2010 to 2017 in the Guillermo Almenara Hospital. Hospital stay, complications, mortality and functional status at 12 months were compared among endovascular and surgical treatment. Results: Two hundred and fifty-six patients were evaluated, 111 (43,36%) were treated with surgery and 145 (54,64%) with endovascular therapy. Among ruptured aneurysms, functional independence status was reached in 68 (66,7%) and 69 (70,4%) of the patients who were treated with surgery and embolization respectively (OR:0.84, IC 95%: 0.461.53; p=0.505). Neurological complications were found in 37 (36,3%) and 34 (34,7%) patients treated with surgery and embolization respectively (OR: 1.07, IC 95%: 0.601.91; p=0.912). The mean hospital stay was 19,55±13.85 and 14.06±14.97 days of the patients treated with surgery and embolization respectively. Mortality was 11,8% and 11,2%, with a slight predominance in the surgically treated group (OR: 1.05, IC 95%: 0.442.52; p=0.904). Conclusions: There is no significant difference according to functional status at 12 months, complications and mortality among both type of treatments in the group of ruptured aneurysms. Patients treated with endovascular therapy had lower hospital stay with statistical difference