RESUMO
Six sediment samples weighing between 224-735 g were collected in June of 2016 from Cayo Nuevo reef, located at the Campeche Bank, southern Gulf of Mexico. Samples were collected by SCUBA diving, from were two stations at depths of 7.6 and 18.2 m. Sediment was sieved and molluscs (adults and micromolluscs ≤ 10 mm) were sorted, examined, and identified to the lowest taxonomic level. A total of 1,347 specimens was found, of which 224 shells were dead and 1,123 were alive. Thirty-four families, 53 genera, and 67 species were identified. The most abundant families were Chamidae and Arcidae for the Bivalvia class, and Caecidae and Tornidae for the Gastropoda class. The vertical range of Bentharca sp. was extended.
RESUMO
En el sector austral del mar Caribe se desconocen los cambios ambientales holocénicos y sus implicaciones en la composición de la micro-malacofauna marina. Se realizó una expedición oceanográfica a bordo del buque ARC-Quindío de la Armada de la República de Colombia; para realizar perforaciones en tres sitios del golfo de Urabá, utilizando nucleador de gravedad en plataforma. Se estudió la composición taxonómica (materia orgánica y carbonato de calcio) y abundancia de micromoluscos; para relacionarlos con posibles cambios paleoambientales durante el holoceno tardío en el golfo. Se estableció que la alta riqueza y abundancia de los micromoluscos se da a mayor carbonato de calcio y menor materia orgánica. La abundancia y riqueza de micromoluscos dieron respuesta a cambios ambientales del Holoceno tardío. Se logró definir dos ambientes contrastantes en el golfo de Urabá durante los últimos 2800 años; un ambiente más antiguo dominado por aguas marinas y un ambiente de mezcla más reciente dominado por aguas estuarinas.
Holocene environmental changes in the southern Caribbean Sea and their implications on the composition of marine micro and malacofauna are unknown. We embarked an océanographie expedition aboard the ship, ARC-Quindío of the Colombian Navy, to drill at three sites in the Gulf of Urabá using a platform gravity corer. To find possible correlations with paleoenvironmental changes during the late Holocene in the Gulf, we assessed the taxonomic composition (organic matter and calcium carbonate) and micromollusc abundance. The elevated richness and abundance of micromolluscs yields more calcium carbonate and less organic matter and answers to environmental changes in the late Holocene. We were able to define two contrasting environments in the Gulf of Urabá during the last 2800 years; an earlier environment dominated by marine waters and a more recent environment of a mixture of waters dominated by estuarine waters.
No sector austral do mar Caribe se desconhecem as alterações ambientais holocénicas e as suas implicações na composição da micro-malacofauna marinha. Realizou-se uma expedição oceanográfica a bordo do navio ARC-Quindío da Armada da República de Colômbia; para realizar perfurações em três sítios do golfo de Urabá, utilizando nucleador de gravidade em plataforma. Estudou-se a composição taxonómica (matéria orgânica e carbonato de cálcio) e abundância de micro-moluscos; para relacioná-los com possíveis alterações paleoambientais durante o holoceno tardio no golfo. Estabeleceu-se que a alta riqueza e abundância de micro-moluscos deram resposta a alterações ambientais do Holoceno tardio. Conseguiu-se definir dois ambientes contrastantes no golfo de Urabá durante os últimos 2800 anos; um ambiente mais antigo dominado por águas marinhas e um ambiente de mistura mais recentemente dominado por águas estuarinas.
RESUMO
Biodiversity of land gastropods (Mollusca) in Sierra de San Javier Park, Tucumán, Argentina. Studies related to land mollusk diversity in tropical and subtropical forests are scarce. To assess this, a study on land snail diversity of subtropical cloudforest (Yungas) and dry forest (Chaco) areas of Sierra de San Javier Park, Tucumán, Argentina, was carried out. Taxonomic identifications were performed to species level and built a species per stations data matrix to analyze diversity patterns on qualitative and quantitative samples processed from 10x10m quadrates in altitudinal transects. Non parametric analysis (ICE, ACE, Chao 1 and Chao 2) were used to estimate the true diversity of the area, as well as the degree of undersampling and spatial aggregation of the data. Diversity was also calculated using Shannon, Simpson, Whittaker and Jaccard indices. The richness of the San Javier Park was estimated to be 32 species distributed into 13 families and 21 genera. From the total number of species collected, a single one belongs to Caenogastropoda, while the rest of the species are classified into Pulmonata Stylommatophora and Systellommatophora. The most representative family was the micromollusc Charopidae, while the most relatively abundant species was another micromollusc snail, Adelopoma tucma. Richness and diversity were slightly more elevated in dry forest areas of the Chacoan Ecoregion than in cloud forest areas of Yungas. Non parametric estimators showed that the inventory was complete. Diversity values obtained were high in comparison to previously studied areas of Northwestern Argentina. The total number of specimen collected (22 169 specimens), was higher than other published studies. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (3): 1009- 1029. Epub 2010 September 01.
Se realizó un inventario y se analizaron parámetros de diversidad de la malacofauna terrestre del Parque Biológico Sierra de San Javier. Se llevaron a cabo muestreos cualitativos y cuantitativos en parcelas de 10x10m tomadas en transectas altitudinales, para un total de 22 169 especímenes recolectados. Las identificaciones taxonómicas se llevaron a cabo a nivel de especie. Se construyó una matriz de especies por parcela para analizar patrones de diversidad y se utilizaron estimadores no paramétricos (ICE, ACE, Chao 1 y Chao 2) para calcular la diversidad del Parque, el grado de completitud del muestreo y la agregación espacial de los datos. Se calcularon los índices de Shannon, Simpson, Whittaker y Jaccard. La riqueza del Parque fue estimada en 32 especies distribuidas en 21 géneros y 13 familias. Solo una especie pertenece a Caenogastropoda, el resto son Pulmonados Stylommatophora y Systellommatophora. La familia más representada fue Charopidae mientras que la especie con mayor abundancia relativa fue Adelopoma tucma. La riqueza y diversidad fue levemente mayor en chaco seco que en bosque húmedo de Yungas. Los valores de diversidad obtenidos fueron elevados en comparación con estudios previos realizados en el noroeste Argentino.