RESUMO
Functional beverages have aroused a great interest to the food industry. Among the functional ingredients, there is a growing demand for antioxidant incorporation into foods, which implies a challenge to preserve their bioactivity. The health benefits provided by soymilk can be improved by the addition with microcapsules of polyphenols from peanut skin and this procedure is an alternative to protect these natural and bioactive compounds from environmental factors. The aim of this work was to determine the chemical, antioxidant, microbiological and sensory changes during storage of the product. Soymilk samples were prepared without any addition (C); with peanut skin extract (BEA); and with microcapsules with polyphenols (MCBEA) and stored at 4 °C for 30 days. Results showed that the addition of polyphenols (free or microencapsulated) improved the chemical, microbiological and sensory stability of soymilk. The BEA and MCBEA had lower values of hydroperoxides, hexanal, bacterial growth, oxidised flavour, and sweet taste than C. The BEA exhibited higher phenol content (819.72 mg gallic acid equivalents/L), antioxidant activity (64.66% DPPH inhibition) and colour intensity than MCBEA. The study suggested that polyphenol microencapsulation is a procedure that can protect these sensitive compounds and control their release into this food matrix.
RESUMO
The extraction of bioactive compounds from fruits, such as lemon, has gained relevance because these compounds have beneficial properties for health, such as antioxidant and anticancer properties; however, the extraction method can significantly affect these properties. High hydrostatic pressure and ultrasound, as emerging extraction methods, constitute an alternative to conventional extraction, improving extractability and obtaining extracts rich in bioactive compounds. Therefore, lemon extracts (LEs) were obtained by conventional (orbital shaking), ultrasound-assisted, and high-hydrostatic-pressure extraction. Extracts were then microencapsulated with maltodextrin at 10% (M10), 20% (M20), and 30% (M30). The impact of microencapsulation on LEs physicochemical properties, phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (TFC) and relative bio-accessibility (RB) was evaluated. M30 promoted a higher microencapsulation efficiency for TPC and TFC, and a longer time required for microcapsules to dissolve in water, as moisture content, water activity and hygroscopicity decreased. The RBs of TPC and TFC were higher in microcapsules with M30, and lower when conventional extraction was used. The data suggest that microencapsulated LE is promising as it protects the bioactivity of phenolic compounds. In addition, this freeze-dried product can be utilized as a functional ingredient for food or supplement formulations.
Assuntos
Fenóis , Extratos Vegetais , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Cápsulas/química , Fenóis/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , ÁguaRESUMO
Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation causes free radical production, increase inflammation and oxidative stress, thus, supporting the use of antioxidants by topical administration as therapeutic approaches. Quercetin (QC) is a flavonoid with antioxidant activity, however, high liposolubility makes it difficult to remain in the viable skin layer. Thus, this study evaluated whether microencapsulation of QC would enhance its activity in comparison with the same dose of free QC (non-active dose) and unloaded-microcapsules added in formulation for topical administration in a mouse model of UVB irradiation targeting the skin. Topical formulation containing Quercetin-loaded microcapsules (TFcQCMC) presents physico-chemical (colour, consistence, phase separation and pH) and functional antioxidant stability at 4 °C, room temperature and 40 °C for 6 months. TFcQCMC inhibited the UVB-triggered depletion of antioxidants observed by GSH (reduced glutathione), ability to reduce iron, ability to scavenge 2,2'-azinobis radical and catalase activity. TFcQCMC also inhibited markers of oxidation (lipid hydroperoxides and superoxide anion production). Concerning inflammation, TFcQCMC reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity, skin edoema, collagen fibre damage, myeloperoxidase activity/neutrophil recruitment, mast cell and sunburn cell counts. The pharmacological activity of TFcQCMC was not shared by the same pharmaceutical form containing the same dose of free QC or unloaded control microcapsules.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Quercetina/farmacologia , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração Cutânea , Animais , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Cápsulas , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Inflamação/etiologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Pelados , Quercetina/administração & dosagem , Pele/patologia , Raios Ultravioleta/efeitos adversosRESUMO
The effects of full-fat goat's milk and/or inulin and/or oligofructose, as carrier agents, were investigated to improve the survival rates of Bifidobacterium BB-12, and the physical properties of the microcapsules under storage conditions. On the day of their manufacture, the microcapsules were evaluated for morphology, particle size, and distribution of fat and bifidobacteria. The viability of the bifidobacteria, moisture and fat content, water activity, solubility, bulk and tapped density, flowability, cohesiveness and color properties were evaluated for 120â¯days at 4⯰C and 25⯰C. The full-fat goat's milk powder with or without inulin as encapsulating agents showed the highest survival rates of Bifidobacterium BB-12 after spray drying and storage. Considering the bifidobacteria survival, both of these spray-dried powders showed the most desirable physical properties, i.e., lowest water activity and solubility, respectively. Both properties are highlighted for better stability of spray-dried powders, with microcapsules, during storage time. These results are credited to full-fat goat's milk (200â¯gâ¯L-1) and the presence of inulin (100â¯gâ¯L-1), besides the fat content showing a high correlation with the solubility values. The lowest volume occupied by the spray-dried powders was noted when oligofructose was used as the carrier agent. The samples that showed the presence of cracks influenced negatively on the bifidobacteria viability. These cracks were responsible by the greater water escape, resulting in powders with more desirable lower water activity. In relation to the color parameters, lower stability was noted when oligofructose was used, while the best stability was also noted for the powders with full-fat goat's milk and/or inulin. During storage time, the best performance was achieved by the microencapsulation process that used only full-fat goat's milk and/or inulin and storage at 4⯰C.
Assuntos
Bifidobacterium animalis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dessecação/métodos , Armazenamento de Alimentos/métodos , Leite , Pós , Prebióticos , Animais , Bifidobacterium animalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Cápsulas , Cor , Aditivos Alimentares , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Cabras , Temperatura Alta , Inulina/química , Inulina/farmacologia , Viabilidade Microbiana , Tamanho da Partícula , Preservação Biológica/métodos , Solubilidade , Fatores de Tempo , ÁguaRESUMO
Recently, Pectin (PEC) and Aloe-Gel (AG) have received great attention for their use in the encapsulation of hydrophobic bioactive compounds such as Carvacrol (CAR). The aim of this study is to assess the physical, chemical and biological properties of a novel PEC/AG film and evaluate its capability to entrap CAR into microencapsulates. For this purpose, the casting method was used to prepare the PEC/AG membranes (70:30 % w/w). The CAR-loaded PEC/AG film was prepared adding different proportions of CAR (0.25%, 0.50% and 1.00% v/v) to the mixture of PEC/AG, previously emulsified with tween 80 (1.0%). The optical properties, Water Vapor Permeability (WVP), ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, microstructure, antibacterial activity and size of microcapsules were evaluated. The PEC/AG membranes loaded with CAR showed yellowish appearance and they were transparent to the UV electromagnetic radiation (190, 200 and 280 nm). The film prepared with the lowest amount of CAR (PC/AG-CAR-0.25%) showed the highest values of WVP (66.2%) and, according to SEM micrograph, the largest microcapsules (≈1005± 39 µm3). The FTIR analysis showed the characteristic absorption peaks located at 1015 cm-1 to 1030 cm-1 and a small shoulder to 990 cm-1 of benzene ring 1:2:4 substituted that suggested the presence of CAR-loaded in the PC/AG film. On the other hand, E. coli O157:H7 showed the highest sensitivity to the PEC/AG-CAR-1.00% film, while S. aureus was not sensitive.
Assuntos
Composição de Medicamentos/métodos , Monoterpenos/química , Monoterpenos/farmacologia , Pectinas/química , Preparações de Plantas/química , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bandagens , Cimenos , Escherichia coli O157/efeitos dos fármacos , Membranas Artificiais , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Permeabilidade , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , VaporRESUMO
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by deficiency of α-l-iduronidase (IDUA), which results in the lysosomal accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) leading to widespread clinical manifestations. The microencapsulation of IDUA overexpressing recombinant cells has been considered as a promising strategy for the treatment of MPS I. This study aimed at the optimization of alginate microcapsules containing recombinant BHK (Baby Hamster Kidney) cells (rBHK) overexpressing IDUA produced by electrostatic extrusion technique. The alginate microcapsule (MC-A) optimization study was carried out by means of an experimental Box-Behnken Design that allowed the simultaneous evaluation of the influence of voltage (kV), alginate/cell suspension flow (mL/h), and alginate concentration (%) on size and IDUA activity. The optimal conditions of voltage (10kV), flow (25mL/h), and alginate concentration (1.3%) made possible to obtain the smallest microcapsules showing the highest IDUA activity. After optimization, the microcapsules were sequentially coated with PLL and alginate (MC-APA) to increase their stability. MC-A and MC-APA presented monodisperse populations (span<1.22) with an average diameter of less than 350µm. The coating increased the mechanical stability of MC-APA by about 6-fold and modulated the permeability to the enzyme. Surface analyzes of MC-APA showed the presence of PLL bands, suggesting that the last alginate layer appears to have only partially coated the PLL. After 30days of subcutaneous implantation of the MC-APA microcapsules containing rBHK cells in a MPS I murine model, a significant increase in IDUA activity was observed in the skin near the implant. Histological analysis revealed an inflammatory infiltrate at the application site, which did not prevent the release of the enzyme under the conditions evaluated. Taken together, the overall results demonstrate the feasibility of MC-APA as a potential alternative for local treatment of MPS I.
Assuntos
Alginatos/química , Células Imobilizadas/enzimologia , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Iduronidase/administração & dosagem , Mucopolissacaridose I/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Cápsulas , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular , Cricetinae , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Composição de Medicamentos , Ácido Glucurônico/química , Ácidos Hexurônicos/química , Iduronidase/genética , Iduronidase/metabolismo , Rim/citologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Propriedades de Superfície , TransfecçãoRESUMO
The effects of microcapsule diet as co-feeding for early weaning phase of gourami larvae where evaluated in terms of ingestion rate of microcapsule, growth, and survival rate. The availability of tubifex worms as natural food is uncertain and can introduce pathogens to fish culture from outsideenvironment. Therefore, the attempt to replace or substitute this natural food continues in order to reducethe level of dependence. This research used Complete Randomized Designed (CRD) with four treatmentsbased on a different protocol feeding management. Gourami larvae should be started with the co-feeding onday 12 until day 17 and they are more receptive to microcapsule diets after day 17. The ingestion rate of microcapsule which consumed by the larvae during the period of rearing was 48.33, 68.33, and 88.33%.This study indicated that larvae started co-feeding day 22 showed highest of ingestion rate of the microcapsule, survival rate, specific growth rate and weight gain.(AU)
Os efeitos da dieta de microcápsula como uma alimentação na etapa precoce de transição dasdietas do gourami larvae foram avaliados sobre a taxa de ingestão da microcápsula, crescimento e taxa desobrevivência. A disponibilidade das minhocas tubifex como um alimento natural é incerta e pode introduzirpatógenos externos para na alimentação dos peixes. Assim sendo, a tentativa de trocar ou substituir essealimento natural continua com a finalidade de reduzir os níveis de dependência. Esta pesquisa usou ométodo de Complete Randomized Designed (CRD) com quatro tratamentos baseados em protocolodiferentes manejos de alimentação. Gourami larvae foram introduzidas na co-aliementação entre os dias 12até 17, quando as larvas são mais receptivas à dieta de microcápsula. A taxa de ingestão da microcápsulaconsumida pela larva durante o período de criação foi de 48.33, 68.33, e 88.33%. Este estudo indicou que alarva que começou a ser co-alimentada no dia 22 mostrou uma maior taxa de ingestão de microcápsulas,taxa de sobrevivência, crescimento especifico e ganho de peso.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Peixes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Taxa de Sobrevida , LipídeosRESUMO
The effects of microcapsule diet as co-feeding for early weaning phase of gourami larvae where evaluated in terms of ingestion rate of microcapsule, growth, and survival rate. The availability of tubifex worms as natural food is uncertain and can introduce pathogens to fish culture from outsideenvironment. Therefore, the attempt to replace or substitute this natural food continues in order to reducethe level of dependence. This research used Complete Randomized Designed (CRD) with four treatmentsbased on a different protocol feeding management. Gourami larvae should be started with the co-feeding onday 12 until day 17 and they are more receptive to microcapsule diets after day 17. The ingestion rate of microcapsule which consumed by the larvae during the period of rearing was 48.33, 68.33, and 88.33%.This study indicated that larvae started co-feeding day 22 showed highest of ingestion rate of the microcapsule, survival rate, specific growth rate and weight gain.
Os efeitos da dieta de microcápsula como uma alimentação na etapa precoce de transição dasdietas do gourami larvae foram avaliados sobre a taxa de ingestão da microcápsula, crescimento e taxa desobrevivência. A disponibilidade das minhocas tubifex como um alimento natural é incerta e pode introduzirpatógenos externos para na alimentação dos peixes. Assim sendo, a tentativa de trocar ou substituir essealimento natural continua com a finalidade de reduzir os níveis de dependência. Esta pesquisa usou ométodo de Complete Randomized Designed (CRD) com quatro tratamentos baseados em protocolodiferentes manejos de alimentação. Gourami larvae foram introduzidas na co-aliementação entre os dias 12até 17, quando as larvas são mais receptivas à dieta de microcápsula. A taxa de ingestão da microcápsulaconsumida pela larva durante o período de criação foi de 48.33, 68.33, e 88.33%. Este estudo indicou que alarva que começou a ser co-alimentada no dia 22 mostrou uma maior taxa de ingestão de microcápsulas,taxa de sobrevivência, crescimento especifico e ganho de peso.
Assuntos
Animais , Lipídeos , Peixes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
Edible films and coatings have been proposed as viable alternatives for the preservation of fresh food such as fruit, meat, fish and cheese. They can be designed to contain natural antioxidants, vitamins and antimicrobials in order to extend shelf life of the product keeping the natural sensorial properties. Essential oils have been targeted as potential active principles for edible films and coatings given their well-recognized antioxidant, antimicrobial and sensory properties. In the present work, lemongrass oil (LMO) microcapsules were prepared by the emulsification-separation method using sodium caseinate as wall material. Microcapsules had an average size of 22 µm and contained over 51 % oil in their nucleus. The release kinetics of the LMO components was studied for both, microcapsules and microcapsule containing films. Experimental data for the controlled release of LMO components showed good correlation with Peppas and Weibull models. The effect of the alginate matrix on the release parameters of the mathematical models could be detected by the modification of the b constant of the Weibull equation which changed from 0.167 for the microcapsules to 0.351 for the films. Films containing LMO at concentrations of 1250, 2500 and 5000 ppm were able to inhibit growth of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Listeria monocytogenes ISP 65-08 in liquid cultures. A possible future application of these films for shelf life extension of fresh food is discussed.
RESUMO
This work develops a kind of sodium alginate (SA) microcapsules as microwave susceptible agents for in vivo tumor microwave thermal therapy for the first time. Due to the excellent microwave susceptible properties and low bio-toxicity, excellent therapy efficiency can be achieved with the tumor inhibiting ratio of 97.85% after one-time microwave thermal therapy with ultralow power (1.8 W, 450 MHz). Meanwhile, the mechanism of high microwave heating efficiency was confirmed via computer-simulated model in theory, demonstrating that the spatial confinement efficiency of microcapsule walls endows the inside ions with high microwave susceptible properties. This strategy offers tremendous potential applications in clinical tumor treatment with the benefits of safety, reliability, effectiveness and minimally invasiveness.
Assuntos
Hipertermia Induzida/métodos , Micro-Ondas , Neoplasias/terapia , Animais , Cápsulas , Morte Celular , Sobrevivência Celular , Simulação por Computador , Feminino , Calefação , Hemólise , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Injeções Subcutâneas , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Tamanho da Partícula , Coelhos , Termogravimetria , Testes de ToxicidadeRESUMO
Acrocomia aculeata, popularly known as "bocaiuva," is widely acknowledged in culinary and traditional medicines to treat cardiovascular diseases, a combined effect with diuretics that are also used for hypertension. However, there are no scientific data published to support its use as functional food and its ethnopharmacological use. This study intended to determine the composition of fatty acids of the pulp oil and evaluate the diuretic action and anti-inflammatory activity of the in natura and microencapsulated oil orally administrated on rats. The obtained results confirm the prevalence of monounsaturated fatty acids (68.51%), especially oleic acid (65.68%±1.05%), in the oil from the bocaiuva pulp. The in natura A. aculeata oil has diuretic (P<.01) and anti-inflammatory potential, which promoted a marked inhibition on the hind paw edema induced by carrageenan (67%±7% after 2 h) (P<.01). In addition, results show that the oral administration of the bocaiuva oil at 300 (P<.05) and 700 (P<.05) mg/kg doses significantly inhibited the leukocyte migration induced by carrageenan to the pleural cavity in rats. The inhibitions equaled 91%±3% and 81%±16%, respectively. The microencapsulated oil also showed antiedematogenic (P<.01) as well as diuretic activities (P<.01). The microencapsulation by complex coacervation was shown to be a technique that favors the bioavailability and preservation of bioactive components of the bocaiuva oil.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Arecaceae/química , Diuréticos/farmacologia , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Ácido Oleico/uso terapêutico , Fitoterapia , Óleos de Plantas/uso terapêutico , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/análise , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Hipertensivos/análise , Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacologia , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Carragenina , Movimento Celular , Diuréticos/análise , Composição de Medicamentos , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Edema/metabolismo , Frutas/química , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/metabolismo , Leucócitos/metabolismo , Masculino , Ácido Oleico/análise , Ácido Oleico/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/química , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Cavidade Pleural/metabolismo , Ratos Wistar , Micção/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Chitosan microcapsules containing limonene essential oil as active ingredient were prepared by coacervation using three different concentrations of NaOH (0.50, 1.00, 1.45 wt%) and fixed concentrations of chitosan and surfactant of 0.50 wt%. The produced microcapsules were fully characterized in their morphology and chemical composition, and the kinetic release analysis of the active ingredient was evaluated after deposition in a non-woven cellulose fabric. The concentration of 1.00 and 1.45 wt% clearly show the best results in terms of dimension and shape of the microcapsules as well as in the volatility results. However, at the concentration of 1 wt% a higher number of microcapsules were produced as confirmed by FTIR and EDS analysis. Free microcapsules are spherical in size with disperse diameters between 2 and 12 μm. Immobilized microcapsules showed sizes from 4 to 7 μm, a rough surface and loss of spherical shape with pore formation in the chitosan walls. SEM analysis confirms that at higher NaOH concentrations, the larger the size of the microcapsules. This technique shows that by tuning NaOH concentration it is possible to efficiently control the release rate of encapsulated active agents demonstrating great potential as insect repellent for textiles.