RESUMO
Total hip arthroplasty, one of the most successful orthopaedic procedures, is influenced by several variables. Corrosion at the modular junction is known as trunnionosis. Despite being reported infrequently, corrosion between the femoral head and the Morse taper can result in severe complications. Fracture of the femoral component in primary metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip arthroplasty at the Morse taper is an extremely rare event and can be associated with several risk factors. We report a case of corrosion at the Morse taper in a hybrid primary MoM total hip arthroplasty, resulting in Morse taper fracture with consequent femoral head entrapment inside the acetabular component. We hypothesise that some risk factors, such as age over 60years, active male patients, body mass index above 30kg/m2, large femoral heads, high-offset stems, 9/10 Morse taper and MoM-bearing surfaces, are associated with this mode of failure.
Assuntos
Artroplastia de Quadril , Fraturas Ósseas , Prótese de Quadril , Próteses Articulares Metal-Metal , Artroplastia de Quadril/efeitos adversos , Artroplastia de Quadril/métodos , Fraturas Ósseas/etiologia , Prótese de Quadril/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Próteses Articulares Metal-Metal/efeitos adversos , Metais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Desenho de Prótese , Falha de Prótese , ReoperaçãoRESUMO
Abstract Background: The choice of a mechanical (MP) or biological prosthesis (BP) for patients with valvular heart disease undergoing replacement is still not a consensus. Objective: We aimed to determine the clinical outcomes of MP or BP placement in those patients. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared biological prostheses and mechanical prostheses in patients with valvular heart diseases and assessed the outcomes. RCTs were searched in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, CENTRAL, SCOPUS and Web of Science (from inception to November 2014) databases. Meta-analyses were performed using inverse variance with random effects models. The GRADE system was used to rate the quality of the evidence. A P-value lower than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of four RCTs were included in the meta-analyses (1,528 patients) with follow up ranging from 2 to 20 years. Three used old generation mechanical and biological prostheses, and one used contemporary prostheses. No significant difference in mortality was found between BP and MP patients (risk ratio (RR = 1.07; 95% CI 0.99-1.15). The risk of bleeding was significantly lower in BP patients than MP patients (RR = 0.64; 95% CI 0.52-0.78); however, reoperations were significantly more frequent in BP patients (RR = 3.60; 95% CI 2.44-5.32). There were no statistically significant differences between BP and MP patients with respect to systemic arterial embolisms and infective endocarditis (RR = 0.93; 95% CI 0.66-1.31, RR = 1.21; CI95% 0.78-1.88, respectively). Results in the trials with modern and old prostheses were similar. Conclusions: The mortality rate and the risk of thromboembolic events and endocarditis were similar between BP and MP patients. The risk of bleeding was approximately one third lower for BP patients than for MP patients, while the risk of reoperations was more than three times higher for BP patients.
Resumo Fundamento: A escolha de próteses mecânicas ou biológicas para pacientes com doença de válvula cardíaca ainda não é um consenso. Objetivo: Determinar os desfechos clínicos de próteses mecânicas e biológicas nesses pacientes. Métodos: Conduzimos uma revisão sistemática e metanálise e estudos controlados randomizados (RCTs) que compararam próteses mecânicas e biológicas em pacientes com doenças de válvulas cardíaca, e avaliamos seus resultados. A busca por RCTs foi feita nas bases de dados MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, CENTRAL, SCOPUS e Web of Science (do início a novembro de 2014). As metanálises foram realizadas usando variação inversa com modelos de efeitos aleatórios. Usamos o sistema GRADE para avaliar a qualidade da evidência. Um valor menor que 0,05 foi considerado significativo. Resultados: Um total de quatro RCTs foi incluído na metanálise (1528 pacientes) com acompanhamento de 2 a 20 anos. Em três estudos, foram utilizadas próteses mecânicas e biológicas mais antigas, e em um estudo próteses contemporâneas. Não foi observada diferença de mortalidade entre os pacientes que receberam próteses mecânicas e biológicas (risco relativo, RR = 1,07; IC95% 0,99-1,15). O risco de sangramento foi significativamente mais baixo nos pacientes que receberam próteses biológicas que naqueles com próteses mecânicas (RR = 0,64; IC95% 0,52-0,78). Contudo, as reoparações foram mais frequentes em pacientes com próteses biológicas (RR = 3,60; IC95% 2,44-5,32). Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre pacientes com próteses biológicas e mecânicas em relação à embolia arterial sistêmica e endocardite infecciosa (RR = 0,93; IC95% 0,66-1,31; RR = 1,21; IC95% 0,78-1,88, respectivamente). Resultados entre os estudos com próteses modernas e antigas foram similares. Conclusões: A taxa de mortalidade e o risco de eventos tromboembólicos e endocardite foram similares entre os pacientes que receberam próteses biológicas e mecânicas. O risco de sangramentos foi aproximadamente um terço menor nos pacientes com próteses biológicas que mecânicas, ao passo que o risco de reoperação foi mais que três vezes maior nos pacientes com próteses biológicas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas/normas , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Reoperação , Bioprótese , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Resultado do Tratamento , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In patients with adverse local tissue reaction (ALTR) secondary to a failed metal-on-metal (MoM) bearing or corrosion at the head-neck junction in a metal-on-polyethylene bearing, ruling in or out periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) can be challenging. Alpha-defensin has emerged as an accurate test for PJI. The purpose of this multicenter, retrospective study was to evaluate the accuracy of the alpha-defensin synovial fluid test in detecting PJI in patients with ALTR. METHODS: We reviewed medical records of 26 patients from 3 centers with ALTR that had an alpha-defensin test performed. Patients were assessed for PJI using the Musculoskeletal Infection Society criteria. Thirteen of these subjects had MoM total hip arthroplasty, 9 had ALTR secondary to head-neck corrosion, and 4 had MoM hip resurfacing. RESULTS: Only 1 of the 26 patients met Musculoskeletal Infection Society criteria for infection. However, 9 hips were alpha-defensin positive, including 1 true positive and 8 that were falsely positive (31%). All 8 of the false positives were also Synovasure positive, although 5 of 8 had an accompanying warning stating the results may be falsely positive due to a low synovial C-reactive protein value. CONCLUSION: Similar to synovial fluid white blood cell count, alpha-defensin testing is prone to false-positive results in the setting of ALTR. Therefore, we recommend an aggressive approach to ruling out PJI including routine aspiration of all hips with ALTR before revision surgery to integrate the synovial fluid blood cell count, differential, cultures and adjunctive tests like alpha-defensin to allow for accurate diagnosis preoperatively.
Assuntos
Artrite Infecciosa/diagnóstico , Artroplastia de Quadril/efeitos adversos , Próteses Articulares Metal-Metal , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/diagnóstico , alfa-Defensinas/sangue , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Artrite Infecciosa/etiologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Corrosão , Reações Falso-Positivas , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Metais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polietileno , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/etiologia , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Líquido Sinovial/químicaRESUMO
Describimos un caso de reemplazo de superficie de cadera en un paciente con artrosis posterior a necrosis ósea avascular y material de osteosíntesis femoral proximal de difícil extracción. Con las prótesis de superficie se logran buenos resultados si la indicación y la técnica quirúrgica son las correctas. En este caso, facilitó mucho la artroplastia, con un muy buen resultado funcional; se evita una cirugía con mayor morbilidad y una tasa más alta de complicaciones y revisiones, como ocurre con los reemplazos de cadera convencionales tras el retiro de la osteosíntesis proximal de fémur. Los cirujanos de cadera atendemos a estos pacientes con frecuencia; estamos seguros de que este tipo de cirugías debe incluirse en nuestro arsenal terapéutico. A pesar de las desventajas de esta artroplastia (fricción metal/metal, curva de aprendizaje, fracturas del cuello femoral), consideramos que, en estos casos, dichas complicaciones están compensadas por la simplicidad del procedimiento.
We describe a hip resurfacing case in a patient with arthrosis after avascular necrosis and proximal femoral osteosynthesis material difficult to remove. Hip resurfacing achieves good results when its indication and technique are correct. In this case, it facilitated the arthroplasty achieving an excellent functional result; avoiding a major surgery and the high rate of complications and revisions, as it occurs with conventional hip replacements after osteosynthesis of the proximal femur. Surgeons frequently face this type of patients; therefore we are convinced that this procedure must be in our therapeutic arsenal. Besides the disadvantages of this arthroplasty (metal on metal friction, learning curve, neck fracture) we consider that they are compensated for by the simplicity of the procedure.
Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Articulação do Quadril/cirurgia , Artroplastia de Quadril , Fêmur/cirurgia , Necrose da Cabeça do Fêmur , Osteotomia , Reoperação , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Avaliamos radiograficamente e clinicamente 56 pacientes submetidos à artroplastia total de quadril com superfície metal-metal cimentada com seguimento médio de 7,7 anos. Apenas uma revisão por soltura asséptica foi realizada, porém 20,8% dos pacientes apresentaram sinais de progressão da linha de radiolucência acetabular.
RESUMO
Objectives: Determine if patients over 75 years old that were operated by primary total hip arthroplasty, the use of heads greater than or equal to 38 mm may reduce the risk of dislocation without an increase in loosening. Knowing that press-fit was the only mean of fixing the acetabular component. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted between 2005 and 2008. We included 25 patients over 75 years old that operated with metal on metal primary total hip arthroplasty, monoblock acetabular cup press-fit without screws and heads greater than or equal to 38 mm diameter. We conducted clinical and radiological controls at 1,3,6, 12 months and then annually, recording episodes of dislocation, signs of acetabular component loosening (migration of 2 mm, angulation more than 5 degrees and radiolucid line in the 3 Charnley-DeLee zones) and the Functional Merle Scale. Results: The mean follow up of patients was 2 years (1-4 years). The average Merle Score was 16.7 (9-18), catalogued as Very Good 17 (68 percent), Well 4 (16 percent), Fair 2 (8 percent) and Bad (4 percent) patient. Two patients had complications, nondisplaced calcar periprosthetic intraoperative fracture ans sciatic nerve injury. There were no reoperations and no cases of prosthetic dislocation or loosening. Conclusions: In thi population, the use of acetabular component fixed by only press-fit without screws associated with heads greater than or equal to 38 mm, increases stability and is a safe procedure, and so far we have not seen any loosening events.
Objetivo: Determinar si en la artroplastía total de cadera (ATC) primaria en pacientes mayores de 75 años, es posible disminuir el riesgo de luxación con el uso de cabezas mayores o iguales a 38 mm, sin un aumento del aflojamiento al utilizar la fijación mecánica como único medio de fijación del componente acetrabular. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional, prospectivo, del tipo cohorte, realizado entre los años 2005 y 2008. Se incluyeron 25 pacientes mayores de 75 años, sometidos a una ATC con par de fricción metal-metal, cotilo monoblock con fijación mecánica sin tornillos y megacabezas, definidas como diámetros > 38 mm. Se realizaron controles clínico radiológicos a los 1,3,6, 12 meses y luego anualmente, registrándose episodios de luxación, signos de aflojamiento del componente acetabular (migración de 2mm, angulación mayor a 5º y línea radiolúcida en las 3 zonas de Charnley-DeLee) y la Escala Funcional de Merle: Resultados: El seguimiento promedio de los pacientes fue de 2 años (1-4 años). El promedio del Score de Merle fue 16,7 (9-18), catalogándose como Muy Bueno a 17 (68 por ciento), Bueno a 4 (16 por ciento), regular a 2 (8 por ciento) y Malo a 1 (4 por ciento) paciente. Dos pacientes presentaron complicacines, y una fractura periprotésica intraoperatoria del calcar no desplazada y una lesión del nervio ciático. Ningún paciente fue reoperado. No se observaron casos de luxación protésica ni de aflojamiento. Conclusiones: En la población estudiada, el uso de componentes acetabulares fijados únicamente mediante fijación mecánica sin tornillos asociado a megacabezas, aumenta la estabilidad protésica y es un procedimiento seguro, ya que hasta la fecha no hemos presentado eventos de aflojamiento.