RESUMO
Latin America faces a significant public health challenge due to the high prevalence of obesity and its associated diseases. Metabolic and bariatric surgery is effective and safe to treat obesity when other treatments fail; however, its implementation in Latin America remains unsatisfactory. This review explores the current status, challenges, and innovations of metabolic and bariatric surgery in Latin America. We searched peer-reviewed journals in English and Spanish for relevant articles published between 1998 and 2023. We found that more than 20% of the Latin American population is affected by obesity. Unfortunately, only a limited number of patients have access to metabolic and bariatric surgery due to high cost, limited availability, and shortage of specialists. The review found that ongoing clinical trials are being conducted in Brazil, Mexico, Chile, and Venezuela, indicating some regional progress. However, published studies remain low in number compared with other regions. Furthermore, we summarized the clinical outcomes, risks, and perioperative assessments associated with metabolic and bariatric surgery. We discussed potential strategies to enhance the availability and affordability of this intervention. This review emphasizes the significance of metabolic and bariatric surgery in addressing the obesity pandemic, specifically for Latin America, and proposes directions for future research and innovation.
Assuntos
Cirurgia Bariátrica , Obesidade , Humanos , América Latina/epidemiologia , Obesidade/cirurgia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , PandemiasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate evolution of ultra-processed food intake and recurrent weight gain in patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is an observational longitudinal study that evaluated patients who underwent metabolic and bariatric surgery at four time points: before surgery and at 3, 12, and 60 months after surgery. Anthropometric and dietary intake data were collected through two 24-h dietary recalls. All foods consumed were classified according to degree of processing. Recurrent weight gain was considered the difference between current weight and nadir weight. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 58 patients with a mean age of 38.7 ± 8.9 years and 68% female. After 60 months, mean excess weight loss and recurrent weight gain were 73.6 ± 27.2% and 22.5 ± 17.4%. Calorie and macronutrient intake decreased significantly between the pre-surgery period, and 3 and 12 months post-surgery; however, there was no significant difference after 60 months. In relation to food groups or macronutrients, no difference was observed between the pre-surgery period and 60 months post-surgery. The contribution of unprocessed or minimally processed foods to calorie intake gradually decreased after 3 months post-surgery. CONCLUSION: The profile of dietary intake after 60 months of metabolic and bariatric surgery tends to approach that of the pre-surgery period. The contribution of unprocessed and minimally processed foods to calorie intake decreased after 60 months, while ultra-processed food contribution increased.
Assuntos
Ingestão de Energia , Derivação Gástrica , Obesidade Mórbida , Aumento de Peso , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Masculino , Estudos Longitudinais , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Derivação Gástrica/estatística & dados numéricos , Redução de Peso/fisiologia , Fast Foods/estatística & dados numéricos , Recidiva , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Alimento ProcessadoRESUMO
The practice of metabolic and bariatric surgery for adolescents with severe obesity has been increasing, and evidence of the outcomes in the long term remains unclear. The aim of this study was to review and analyze the outcomes of this therapy in adolescents with a follow-up ≥5 years. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched. Inclusion criteria were 10- to < 20-year-old adolescents, 5 years minimum of follow-up, and a retention rate ≥70% at 5 years of follow-up. Adiposity indicators outcomes, co-morbidity remission, and complications were analyzed. A total of 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. Surgeries performed included gastric bypass, gastric band, and sleeve gastrectomy. The age of the participants ranged from 13 to 17 years. The longest follow-up after intervention was 156 months. Mean body mass index at baseline and follow-up was 47 and 32.4 kg/m 2 , respectively. Most of the studies reported weight regain within 1 to 12 years of follow-up. Remission rate of co-morbidities was 75% for dyslipidemia, 78% for musculoskeletal problems, 85% for hypertension, and 85% for type 2 diabetes. Not all studies stated that they were looking for all complications. Iron deficiency and anemia were high, ranging from 30% to 70% and 16% to 50%, respectively. The review indicates that there is low to moderate evidence that metabolic and bariatric surgery in adolescents with severe obesity after 5 years of follow-up results in substantial reduction in body mass index, and very low to low evidence in the resolution of related co-morbidities. Although long-term complications were inadequately reported or nonreported, a high prevalence of iron deficiency and anemia was found. Because maternal anemia might be implicated in deleterious effects for offspring, monitoring female patients for anemia after metabolic and bariatric surgery is strongly recommended. Further high-quality studies with long-term follow-up are warranted to assess related co-morbidities and long-term complications.
Assuntos
Cirurgia Bariátrica , Obesidade Mórbida , Adolescente , Adulto , Cirurgia Bariátrica/efeitos adversos , Cirurgia Bariátrica/métodos , Cirurgia Bariátrica/mortalidade , Cirurgia Bariátrica/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidade Mórbida/epidemiologia , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introducción: la obesidad es una epidemia de nuestro tiempo y la cirugía el único tratamiento efectivo en su solución. Objetivo: exponer la técnica Portie I como tratamiento quirúrgico de la obesidad mórbida y sus comorbilidades más frecuentes. Métodos: entre enero de 2000 y enero 2012 se realiza un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo longitudinal donde incluyeron 683 pacientes con obesidad mórbida tratados con la técnica Portie I. Se evaluaron los tipos de obesidad y las comorbilidades asociadas para diseñar la estrategia quirúrgica. Se muestran los resultados y se clasifican en tempranas y tardías las complicaciones posoperatorias ocurridas. Resultados: predominó el sexo femenino con 465 pacientes y 268 masculinos. Comorbilidades 66 (9,6 porciento) 4 mortalidad (0,5 porciento) pérdida del exceso de peso por encima de 80 porciento en el 75 porciento de los casos a los 5 años. El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue 3,5 horas (rango de 2,74,3 horas). Conclusiones: La técnica quirúrgica de derivación gastro-bilio-pancreática Portie I es una opción segura y efectiva en la cirugía de la obesidad mórbida(AU)
Introduction: obesity is considered an epidemic nowadays. Though it has several ways of treatment, surgery has been proved to be the best option. Objective: to show Portie I technique for the surgical treatment of morbid obesity and its most frequent comorbidities. Methods: a prospective and descriptive longitudinal study is conducted between January 2000 and January 2012, in which 683 patients with morbid obesity treated with the Portie I surgical technique were included. Different types of obesities and the associated comorbodities were evaluated to set the appropriate surgical strategy. Post-surgical results and classifications of early and late complications are presented. Results: prevalence of 465 female patients over 268 male patients was significant, meanwhile comorbidity was 66 (9.6 percent), mortality was 4 (0.5 percent), weight loss was over 80 percent in 75 percent of the total of cases by the end of 5 years after surgery. Average surgical time was 3.5 hours. (Ranking 2.74.3 hours) Conclusions: the technique of biliopacreatic diversion is an effective and safe surgical option in the management of morbid obesity(AU)