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OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this systematic review and meta-regression were: 1) to compare the prevalence of cervical HPV infection between SLE patients and healthy controls and 2) to evaluate the relationship between cervical HPV infection and traditional and SLE-related risk factors for cervical HPV infection in these patients. METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature review (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Virtual Health Library and SciELO databases) following PRISMA guidelines and using meta-regression to investigate the pooled prevalence of cervical HPV infection in adult women with SLE. The articles included were independently evaluated by two investigators who extracted information on study characteristics, defined outcomes, risk of bias and summarized strength of evidence [Quality of evidence using the Oxford Centre for evidence-based medicine (EBM) Levels of Evidence]. Using meta-regression, we further analyzed whether factors such as multiple sexual partners and immunosuppressive therapy were associated with HPV prevalence. We evaluated the quality of evidence included using the Oxford Centre for EBM levels of evidence. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for studies providing data on HPV prevalence in women with SLE and in healthy controls. RESULTS: A total of 687 articles were identified; 9 full-text articles examining the prevalence of cervical HPV infection in SLE women were included, comprising 751 SLE women. Eight studies employed PCR using general primers. The HPV prevalence varied from 3.1% to 80.7%. In the random effects meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of cervical HPV infection in SLE vs. controls was 34.15% (95% CI: 19.6%-52.5%) vs. 15.3% (95% CI 0.79-27.8%), OR = 2.87 (95% CI: 2.20-3.76) p < .0001, with large between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 95.4%). When only SLE women were evaluated, meta-regression showed no significant differences between patients with and without a background of multiple sexual partners and any immunosuppressive therapy. In addition, the prevalence of cervical HPV infection did not significantly differ between SLE patients on azathioprine or cyclophosphamide. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggests that the prevalence of cervical HPV infection is higher in SLE women than in healthy controls. However, multiple sexual partners and any immunosuppressive therapy or specific immunosuppressive treatment (azathioprine and cyclophosphamide) were not associated with the prevalence of cervical HPV infection.

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La valoración económica de la biodiversidad y lo servicios ecosistémicos es importante para la planificación de desarrollo socioeconómico de Colombia. La obtención d datos primarios es costosa, pero existe un método denominad "transferencia de beneficios". Se presenta una aproximación: a la valoración de algunos servicios ecosistémicos en lo Andes colombianos incorporando un meta-análisis de lo estudios realizados en Colombia, aplicando: transferencia d funciones y transferencia de valores medios. El valor de lo servicios ecosistémicos (disponibilidad de agua, recreación y conservación), arrojó valores entre 106 a 339 mil millones de dólares en 2011. La determinación del valor global de lo ecosistemas configura un reto complejo, debido a la dificulta en la síntesis de los estudios, la variabilidad de los mismo: y la ausencia de experiencias documentadas. La valoración: económica en Colombia, enfrenta el inconveniente de l presentación, obtención y variabilidad de datos. Se concluyó que la información existente es insuficiente, encontrándose pocos estudios bien diseñados. Esta contribución formula recomendaciones para futuros ejercicios.

The economic valuation of biodiversity and ecosystem services plays an important role in Colombia's conservation planning and economic development, but gathering data to conduct an original study can be expensive. To this end, there is an alternative yet controversial method called "benefits transfer". Here, we present a meta-analysis of available literature on the economic valuation of the Colombian Andes using two approaches: transfer functions and transfer of mean values. The economic value of ecosystem services, which included water availability, recreation and conservation for the Colombian Andes, yielded values between 106 and 339 trillion 2011 USD. However, determining the overall value of ecosystems presents a complex challenge due to the difficulty in the synthesis of the studies, their variability, and the nonexistence of documented experiences. Economic valuation in Colombia is faced with issues in the presentation, collection and variability of data. We concluded that the existing information is insufficient; there are few well-designed studies to procure consistent ecosystem values to support the creation of development policies in Colombia.

A valorização económica da biodiversidade e os serviços ecossistémicos é importante para a planificação do desenvolvimento socioeconómico de Colômbia. A obtenção dos dados primários utiliza um método denominado "transferência de benefícios". Apresenta-se uma aproximação da avaliação de alguns serviços ecossistémicos nos Andes colombianos incorporando uma meta-análise dos estudos realizados em Colômbia, aplicando: transferência de funções e transferência de valores médios. O valor dos serviços ecossistémicos (disponibilidade de água, recreação e conservação), exibiu valores entre 106 a 339 mil milhões de dólares em 2011. A determinação do valor global dos ecossistemas configura um desafio complexo, devido à dificuldade na síntese dos estudos, a variabilidade dos mesmos, e a ausência de experiências documentadas. A avaliação económica em Colômbia, enfrenta o inconveniente da presentação, obtenção e variabilidade de dados. Concluiu-se que a informação existente é insuficiente, encontrando-se poucos estudos bem desenhados. Esta contribuição formula recomendações para futuros exercícios.