RESUMO
Este artigo traz as memórias de Maria acerca das grandes enchentes de 1983 e 1984 ocorridas em Blumenau-SC. O objetivo é evidenciar os acontecimentos que não estão impressos na história "oficial" da cidade. Esta pesquisa segue metodologia qualitativa com base em história oral. Os dados foram captados por entrevista em profundidade. Como conclusão, percebese que Maria, por vezes, assume o papel de protagonista e, por vezes, de testemunha ocular, trazendo uma memória que imprime não somente os acontecimentos das tragédias, mas o resgate das raízes da cultura alemã. Apesar de Maria evidenciar a dura realidade que viveu no período, em suas falas, parece não fazer parte delas. O sofrimento do outro se mostra maior. Isso é evidenciado quando reproduz narrativas que giravam de boca em boca e pelo rádio, tomando uma dimensão maior do que sua própria experiência em relação às tragédias
This paper brings forth the memories of Maria from the great floods, which occurred in the city of Blumenau in 1983-84. Our aim is to put events in the foreground, which as of yet, have not been etched into the "official" city history. This study follows qualitative methods based on Oral History. Data having been collected through in-depth interviews. It is possible to conclude that Maria acts at times as a protagonist and as an eye-witness at other times, bringing a memory that prints out not only the tragedy of the events, but also the later rescuing of German cultural and heritage roots. Although Maria puts forward evidence of the harsh reality she lived through at the time, she seems distanced from them in her discourse. The suffering of others shown as greater. This can be seen when radio and word-of-mouth accounts are reproduced, taking greater dimensions than her own tragic experience
Este artículo trae las memorias de María sobre las grandes inundaciones de 1983 y 1984 ocurridas en Blumenau-SC. El objetivo es mostrar los hechos que no están impresos en la historia "oficial" de la ciudad. Esta investigación sigue metodología cualitativa con base en historia oral. Los datos han sido captados por entrevista en profundidad. Como conclusión, se observa que María, en ocasiones, asume el papel de protagonista y, otras veces, de testigo ocular, trayendo una memoria que imprime no solamente los sucesos de las tragedias, sino el rescate de las raíces de la cultura alemana. Aunque María muestra la dura realidad que vivió en este periodo, en su narración no parece formar parte de ella. El sufrimiento del otro se muestra mayor. Esto se manifiesta cuando se reproducen narrativas que iban de boca en boca y por la radio, tomando una dimensión mayor que su propia experiencia en relación con las tragedias
Assuntos
Memória , Inundações , HistóriaRESUMO
Introducción y objetivos: El testimonio es un acto complejo que contribuye de forma importante a la elaboración del duelo tanto individual como en el plano colectivo. Esta es la idea central que se discute en el texto, empleando como base los resultados de la investigación de intervención realizada como prueba piloto en el a ño 2010 para la Fundación Víctimas Visibles, que luego se replicó en otras cuatro regiones del pa ís. En 1998, el Ejército de Liberación Nacional atentó contra el oleoducto de OCENSA y causó graves daños a los pobladores de Machuca (Segovia, Antioquia ). En 2010, la psicóloga Ligia Rascovsky puso en práctica una estrategia de intervención para apoyar la construcción de memoria individual y colectiva entre los sobrevivientes al atentado, quienes, además de daños graves en la integridad física y psicosocial, quedaron con secuelas como el síndrome de estrés postraumático. Los resultados de ese trabajo sirven para entender la relevancia del testimonio en los procesos de recuperación psicosocial, que son un gran desafío para la sociedad colombiana de la actualidad. Métodos: El tipo de estudio realizado fue de intervención psicosocial en 43 personas adultas de ambos sexos, residentes en Machuca, que se vieron afectadas por el atentado y aceptaron de manera voluntaria participar en los talleres diseñados. Los talleres siguieron técnicas de tipo vivencial (psicodrama y psicofantasías, entre otras) cuyo propósito fue la identificación del da ño mediante la elaboración testimonial de la memoria de lo sucedido. Resultados: Los talleres permitieron expresar las emociones de dolor, reconocer lo injusto del sufrimiento, luchar contra la memoria defensiva que justifica la violencia y hacer pedagogía sobre los derechos humanos. También facilitaron el proceso de dignificación, empoderamiento y seguridad en la reconstrucción personal y colectiva. Al expresar de esta forma sus memorias, pudieron liberarse del miedo y adquirir mayor confianza en ellos mismos, como individuos y como grupo social, como se aprecia en la formación de liderazgos individuales. Estos resultados son la base de la discusión que se presenta. Conclusiones: En ese contexto se ha encontrado que la narrativa testimonial es un instrumento de sanación personal y social, como se ha demostrado en los talleres que se realizaron con los habitantes de Machuca y los realizados con otras mil personas en las otras localidades. Lo clave del testimonio es reconocer la dignidad de la persona y, de esa manera, desde la memoria individual reconstruir la memoria colectiva. Este trabajo testimonial brinda suficientes elementos para proponer líneas de trabajo en aras de una política psicosocial, con el fin de conjugar la búsqueda de la verdad y la reconstrucción de la memoria colectiva, junto con la atención a las víctimas, la reparación y la reconciliación social en Colombia.
Introduction and objectives: Testimony is a complex act that contributes significantly to the elaboration of mourning, both individually and on a collective level. This is the central idea that is discussed in the text, using as a basis, the results of research conducted as a pilot intervention in the year 2010 for Visible Victims Foundation, and was then replicated in four other regions. In 1998 the National Liberation Army attacked the pipeline OCENSA causing severe damage to the people of Machuca (Segovia, Antioquia ). In 2010 the psychologist Ligia Rascovsky implemented an intervention strategy to support the construction of individual and collective memory among survivors of the attack, who, in addition to serious injuries, suffered physical and psychosocial after effects such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).The results of this work are used to understand the relevance of the testimony in the psychosocial recovery processes, which is a major challenge for Colombian society today. Methods:The type of study was psychosocial intervention in 43 adults of both sexes, Machuca residents who were affected by the bombing, and agreed to voluntarily participate in designed workshops. The workshops followed experiential type techniques (psychodrama, psycho-fantasies, etc.), in which the purpose was to identify the damage by developing testimonial memory of what happened. Results: The workshops express the emotions of grief, recognize the injustice of suffering, fight memory defense that justifies violence and raising awareness of human rights. It also facilitated the process of dignity, empowerment and security in personal and collective reconstruction. In expressing their memoirs thus, they could be free from fear and gain more confidence in themselves as individuals and as a social group, as seen in the formation of individual leadership. These results are the basis of the discussion presented. Conclusions: In this context it has been found that the testimonial narrative is an instrument of personal and social healing, as demonstrated in the workshops held with the inhabitants of Machuca, and made with a thousand other people in other locations. The testimony is essential to recognize the dignity and thus reconstruct individual memory from the collective memory. This work provides sufficient testimonial evidence to propose lines of work in the interests of psychosocial policy in order to combine the search for truth and reconstruction of collective memory, along with to the care of victims, and reparation and social reconciliation in Colombia.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Memória , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos , Violência , Emoções , Medo , Intervenção PsicossocialRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Testimony is a complex act that contributes significantly to the elaboration of mourning, both individually and on a collective level. This is the central idea that is discussed in the text, using as a basis, the results of research conducted as a pilot intervention in the year 2010 for Visible Victims Foundation, and was then replicated in four other regions. In 1998 the National Liberation Army attacked the pipeline OCENSA causing severe damage to the people of Machuca (Segovia, Antioquia). In 2010 the psychologist Ligia Rascovsky implemented an intervention strategy to support the construction of individual and collective memory among survivors of the attack, who, in addition to serious injuries, suffered physical and psychosocial after effects such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The results of this work are used to understand the relevance of the testimony in the psychosocial recovery processes, which is a major challenge for Colombian society today. METHODS: The type of study was psychosocial intervention in 43 adults of both sexes, Machuca residents who were affected by the bombing, and agreed to voluntarily participate in designed workshops. The workshops followed experiential type techniques (psychodrama, psycho-fantasies, etc.), in which the purpose was to identify the damage by developing testimonial memory of what happened. RESULTS: The workshops express the emotions of grief, recognize the injustice of suffering, fight memory defense that justifies violence and raising awareness of human rights. It also facilitated the process of dignity, empowerment and security in personal and collective reconstruction. In expressing their memoirs thus, they could be free from fear and gain more confidence in themselves as individuals and as a social group, as seen in the formation of individual leadership. These results are the basis of the discussion presented. CONCLUSIONS: In this context it has been found that the testimonial narrative is an instrument of personal and social healing, as demonstrated in the workshops held with the inhabitants of Machuca, and made with a thousand other people in other locations. The testimony is essential to recognize the dignity and thus reconstruct individual memory from the collective memory. This work provides sufficient testimonial evidence to propose lines of work in the interests of psychosocial policy in order to combine the search for truth and reconstruction of collective memory, along with to the care of victims, and reparation and social reconciliation in Colombia.