RESUMO
La escritura de artículos académicos es una competencia necesaria para la difusión del conocimiento científico y para el desarrollo profesional de quienes trabajan en diversas disciplinas. Sin embargo, a pesar de su importancia, esta habilidad compleja no suele ser enseñada en forma sistemática, lo que puede operar como una barrera para que los investigadores comuniquen los resultados de sus trabajos. En esta primera entrega, sintetizamos los principales consejos que han brindado expertos en la temática, añadiendo algunos de nuestra experiencia personal que consideramos útiles para facilitar el proceso de la escritura académica y el desarrollo de esta competencia en un contexto colaborativo. En una segunda entrega profundizaremos respecto de la problemática de la escritura de las diferentes secciones de un artículo científico y se ofrecerán consejos para optimizarla y volverla lo más eficaz posible. (AU)
Academic writing is essential for scientific knowledge dissemination and the professional development of those working in various disciplines. Yet, however important this complex skill is, it is not usually taught systematically, a fact that can act as a barrier for researchers to communicate the results of their work. In this first part, we synthesize the main tips provided by experts in the field, adding some of our personal experiences that they consider relevant to facilitate the process of academic writing and develop this skill in a collaborative context. In a second article, we will go deeper into the problem of writing the different sections of a scientific article and offer advice on ways to optimize it and make it as effective as possible. (AU)
Assuntos
Redação , Comunicação e Divulgação Científica , Comunicação Acadêmica , Inteligência Artificial , Relatório de Pesquisa , Escrita MédicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of prescription writing in the context of public primary health care. BACKGROUND: Prescription errors are one of the leading patient safety problems in primary care and can be caused by errors in therapeutic decisions or in the quality of prescription writing. METHODS: Cross-sectional observational study conducted in a municipality in Northeastern Brazil. The assessment instrument (including 13 indicators and one composite indicator) was applied to a representative sample of drug prescriptions from the 24 Family Health Teams providing Primary Health Care in the municipality, dispensed in January 2021. Estimates of compliance and their 95% confidence intervals and graphical analysis of frequencies are assessed globally and stratified by dispensing units and prescribers. FINDINGS: The average composite prescription writing quality on a 0-100 scale was 60.2 (95% CI 57.8-62.6). No quality criteria had 100% compliance. The highest compliance rates were found for 'frequency of administration' (98.9%) and 'identification of the prescriber' (98.9%). On the other hand, 'recorded information on allergy' (0.0%), 'patient's date of birth' (1.7%), 'nonpharmacological recommendations' (1.7%), and 'guidance on the use of the drug' (25%) were the indicators with lower compliance, contributing to 69% of the noncompliances found. The type and frequency of the errors in the quality of prescription writing uncovered in this study confirm the continuing need to tackle this problem to improve patient safety. The results identify priority aspects for interventions and further studies on the quality of prescription writing in the context of Primary Health Care in Brazil.
Assuntos
Prescrições de Medicamentos , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Humanos , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Erros de MedicaçãoRESUMO
Medical care must be supported by research that meets reliable, valid, ethical, and reproducible principles. However, an essential fraction of research carried out in the medical field is inadequately reported due to omitting relevant information when it is published. This reduces their impact and the possibility that other researchers can realize critical appraisal, thereby compromising their application within medical practice. Because of this, guidelines have been developed to reduce this problem; their purpose is to increase research reports' methodological quality, transparency, validity, and reliability. Despite their importance, incorporating these guidelines in various journals and the knowledge and use by a significant part of the medical community is limited. In this context, this article aims to synthesize the main guidelines for reporting research in medicine.
La atención médica debe estar sustentada en investigaciones que cumplan principios confiables, válidos, éticos y reproducibles; sin embargo, una parte importante de las investigaciones realizadas en el campo médico son reportadas de manera inadecuada debido a que omiten información de trascendencia cuando son publicadas, lo cual disminuye su impacto y la posibilidad de que otros investigadores puedan evaluarlas de manera crítica y objetiva, comprometiendo con ello su aplicación dentro de la práctica médica. En un esfuerzo por atenuar este problema se han desarrollado guías cuya finalidad es incrementar la calidad metodológica, la transparencia, la validez y la fiabilidad de los reportes de investigación. No obstante su importancia, la incorporación de estas guías en diversas revistas, así como su conocimiento y utilización por una parte importante de la comunidad médica, son limitados. Dado este contexto, el objetivo del presente artículo es sintetizar las principales guías que existen para reportar investigaciones en medicina.
Assuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica , Medicina , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
The use of different guides to report types of study in the medical field has been widely disseminated for decades, however, their adherence and use by an important part of researchers is still limited, this has negatively impacted the dissemination of new findings, which has generated criticism regarding how medical research is designed, conducted and reported. Parallel to this, there are extensions to these guidelines which are little known and used by the personnel involved in research work, they focus on more specific approaches to report different types of studies, among which are: meta-analysis, systematic reviews, clinical trials randomized, diagnostic accuracy studies, observational studies, among others; for this reason, its promotion, knowledge, and use is of vital importance. The objective of this review is to synthesize the main extensions of the guidelines used in medical research; for this purpose, its main characteristics were reviewed, as well as application scenarios according to the level of evidence; Its adequate adherence will allow health personnel involved in research work to increase the transparency and quality of their findings, contemplate potential sources of bias, as well as the development of good practices for the presentation of their results according to the type of study selected.
El uso de diferentes guías para reportar tipos de estudio en el campo médico ha sido ampliamente difundido desde hace décadas; sin embargo, su adherencia y utilización por una parte importante de investigadores aún es limitada. Esto ha impactado de manera negativa en la difusión de nuevos hallazgos, lo cual ha generado críticas en relación a cómo se diseñan, realizan y reportan investigaciones médicas. Paralelo a ello, existen extensiones a dichas guías, las cuales son poco conocidas y utilizadas por el personal involucrado en labores de investigación, estas se enfocan en aproximaciones más específicas para reportar diferentes tipos de estudios entre los que destacan: metaanálisis, revisiones sistemáticas, ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, estudios de precisión diagnóstica, estudios observacionales, entre otros. Por tal motivo, es de vital importancia su promoción, conocimiento y utilización. El objetivo de la presente revisión es sintetizar las principales extensiones de las guías utilizadas en investigación médica. Para tal efecto se revisaron sus principales características, así como escenarios de aplicación de acuerdo con el nivel de evidencia; su adecuada adhesión permitirá al personal de salud involucrado en labores de investigación incrementar la transparencia y calidad de sus hallazgos, contemplar fuentes potenciales de sesgos, así como el desarrollo de buenas prácticas para la presentación de sus resultados de acuerdo al tipo de estudio seleccionado.
Assuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Humanos , Viés , Pessoal de Saúde , Estudos Observacionais como AssuntoRESUMO
RESUMO A declaração dos Principais Itens para Relatar Revisões Sistemáticas e Meta-análises (PRISMA), publicada em 2009, foi desenvolvida para ajudar revisores sistemáticos a relatar de forma transparente por que a revisão foi feita, os métodos empregados e o que os autores encontraram. Na última década, os avanços na metodologia e terminologia de revisões sistemáticas exigiram a atualização da diretriz. A declaração PRISMA 2020 substitui a declaração de 2009 e inclui novas orientações para relato que refletem os avanços nos métodos para identificar, selecionar, avaliar e sintetizar estudos. A estrutura e apresentação dos itens foram modificadas para facilitar a implementação. Neste artigo, apresentamos a lista de checagem PRISMA 2020 de 27 itens, uma lista de checagem expandida que detalha as recomendações para relato para cada item, a lista de checagem PRISMA 2020 para resumos e os fluxogramas revisados para novas revisões e para atualização de revisões.
ABSTRACT The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, published in 2009, was designed to help systematic reviewers transparently report why the review was done, what the authors did, and what they found. Over the past decade, advances in systematic review methodology and terminology have necessitated an update to the guideline. The PRISMA 2020 statement replaces the 2009 statement and includes new reporting guidance that reflects advances in methods to identify, select, appraise, and synthesise studies. The structure and presentation of the items have been modified to facilitate implementation. In this article, we present the PRISMA 2020 27-item checklist, an expanded checklist that details reporting recommendations for each item, the PRISMA 2020 abstract checklist, and the revised flow diagrams for original and updated reviews.
RESUMEN La declaración PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses), publicada en 2009, se diseñó para ayudar a los autores de revisiones sistemáticas a documentar de manera transparente el porqué de la revisión, qué hicieron los autores y qué encontraron. Durante la última década, ha habido muchos avances en la metodología y terminología de las revisiones sistemáticas, lo que ha requerido una actualización de esta guía. La declaración PRISMA 2020 sustituye a la declaración de 2009 e incluye una nueva guía de presentación de las publicaciones que refleja los avances en los métodos para identificar, seleccionar, evaluar y sintetizar estudios. La estructura y la presentación de los ítems ha sido modificada para facilitar su implementación. En este artículo, presentamos la lista de verificación PRISMA 2020 con 27 ítems, y una lista de verificación ampliada que detalla las recomendaciones en la publicación de cada ítem, la lista de verificación del resumen estructurado PRISMA 2020 y el diagrama de flujo revisado para revisiones sistemáticas.
RESUMO
A historical follow-up on the medical diaries about the patient is made, from the Hippocratic texts to the appearance of the current canon of the clinical history formulated by Boerhaave in the seventeenth century, through the medieval consilia and the curationes and observationes of the Renaissance; and it is discussed how much the patient's story is present in those writings. It is postulated that the medical narrative that starts from adequately listening to the patient and his story, and adopts a literary workshop format, it is a pedagogical tool that contributes to comprehensive medical training, and offers the patient the opportunity to be treated in an empathic and humanized environment.
Se hace un seguimiento histórico a los escritos médicos sobre el paciente, desde los textos hipocráticos hasta la aparición del canon actual de historia clínica formulado por Boerhaave en el siglo XVII, pasando por los consilia medievales y las curationes y observationes del renacimiento; y se discute qué tanto el relato del paciente está presente en esos escritos. Se postula que la narrativa médica que parte de escuchar adecuadamente al paciente y su historia, y se trabaja en formato de taller literario, es una herramienta pedagógica que contribuye a la formación médica integral y ofrece la posibilidad de que el paciente pueda ser tratado en un medio empático y humanizado.
Assuntos
Anamnese , Prontuários Médicos , Escrita Médica/história , História do Século XVI , História do Século XVII , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , História Antiga , História Medieval , Humanos , Anamnese/métodos , Anamnese/normas , Medicina Narrativa/história , Medicina Narrativa/métodos , Avaliação de Sintomas/história , Avaliação de Sintomas/métodosRESUMO
Abstract A historical follow-up on the medical diaries about the patient is made, from the Hippocratic texts to the appearance of the current canon of the clinical history formulated by Boerhaave in the seventeenth century, through the medieval consilia and the curationes and observationes of the Renaissance; and it is discussed how much the patient's story is present in those writings. It is postulated that the medical narrative that starts from adequately listening to the patient and his story, and adopts a literary workshop format, it is a pedagogical tool that contributes to comprehensive medical training, and offers the patient the opportunity to be treated in an empathic and humanized environment.
Resumen Se hace un seguimiento histórico a los escritos médicos sobre el paciente, desde los textos hipocráticos hasta la aparición del canon actual de historia clínica formulado por Boerhaave en el siglo XVII, pasando por los consilia medievales y las curationes y observationes del renacimiento; y se discute qué tanto el relato del paciente está presente en esos escritos. Se postula que la narrativa médica que parte de escuchar adecuadamente al paciente y su historia, y se trabaja en formato de taller literario, es una herramienta pedagógica que contribuye a la formación médica integral y ofrece la posibilidad de que el paciente pueda ser tratado en un medio empático y humanizado.
Assuntos
História do Século XVI , História do Século XVII , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , História Antiga , História Medieval , Humanos , Prontuários Médicos , Escrita Médica/história , Anamnese , Avaliação de Sintomas/história , Avaliação de Sintomas/métodos , Medicina Narrativa/história , Medicina Narrativa/métodos , Anamnese/normas , Anamnese/métodosRESUMO
In designing and implementing a peer support writing group for junior researchers at our home institution, we saw an opportunity to advance the understanding of this intervention as a valuable tool for future physician-scientists. We, therefore, performed a scoping literature review of the available literature on peer support writing groups in clinical disciplines to learn what has been described about this topic. We paid specific attention to the characteristics, implementation, and impact of these groups on the academic development of medical/healthcare scientists. We performed a scoping literature review following the conceptual framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. We included studies describing the characteristics, implementation, and impact/effects of peer support writing groups in clinical disciplines. All the information extracted was summarized descriptively to chart the available literature on peer support writing groups in clinical disciplines. We identified a total of 369 articles, of which six were finally included. The absolute number of papers published increased considerably after the participation in the peer support writing groups. The subjective comments of the participating individuals highlighted the positive effects of these groups on the academic productivity of attendees. Available information shows a significant increase in the absolute number of publications and a positive perception between individuals participating in peer support writing groups. Stakeholders should implement this strategy in their home academic institutions.
RESUMO
Introducción: En el proceso formativo del profesional de Estomatología, el dominio del idioma inglés contribuye a la actualización científico-técnica-cultural y el desempeño profesional y social en cualquier escenario donde esta lengua sea el medio de comunicación. Objetivo: Identificar los problemas más frecuentes de traducción del inglés al español en la redacción médica en estudiantes de 4to año de la carrera de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana en 2014-2015. Participaron 30 estudiantes de cuarto año, quienes estudiaban inglés como lengua extranjera. La información se obtuvo mediante un ejercicio de traducción. Resultados: El 60 por ciento de los estudiantes omitieron el artículo definido, 79 por ciento utilizaron incorrectamente el gerundio y 77 por ciento la voz pasiva pronominal con un complemento de persona. El 70 por ciento no tradujo la sigla, 40 por ciento usó excesivamente los adjetivos posesivos, 25 por ciento tradujo de manera errónea frases idiomáticas y 20 por ciento los falsos amigos. Conclusiones: Los problemas frecuentes de traducción son: omisión del artículo definido, uso incorrecto del gerundio y voz pasiva, no traducción de siglas, uso excesivo de los adjetivos posesivos y traducción errónea de frases idiomáticas. Los problemas identificados no son nuevos sino desconocidos por los alumnos, algunos como la traducción de falsos amigos constituye un reto para los hispanohablantes que aprenden inglés como lengua extranjera(AU)
Introduction: In the training process of the dental professionals, the mastering of the English language contributes to their scientific, technical and cultural update as well as to their professional and social performance in any place where this language is spoken. Objective: To identify the most frequent translation problems from English into Spanish in the medical writing of the fourth-year students of Dentistry in the University of Medical Sciences of Havana. Material and Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted during the academic year 2014-2015 at the Dental Faculty, University of Medical Sciences of Havana. Thirty dental students of fourth year who studied English as a foreign language participated in the study. Data were collected using a translation exercise. Results: 60 percent of the students omitted the definite article and 79 percen used the gerund incorrectly. The wrong use of the passive voice was 77 percent; the lack of translation of the abbreviation was 70 percent; excessive use of possessive adjectives was 40 percent; the 25 percent did a wrong translation of idiomatic phrases and 20 percent of false cognates words. Conclusions: The most frequent translation problems are: omission of the definite article, incorrect use of the gerund and passive voice, lack of translation of abbreviations, excessive use of possessive adjectives and wrong translation of idiomatic phrases. The identified problems are not new, but unknown to the students; some of them, such as the false cognates, are a challenge for the Spanish speakers who learn English as a foreign language(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Tradução , Medicina Bucal/educação , Estudos de Linguagem , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Universidades , AprendizagemRESUMO
A revisão sistemática consiste em um processo de pesquisar, selecionar, avaliar, sintetizar e relatar as evidências clínicas sobre uma determinada pergunta e/ou tópico. Nos dias atuais, a revisão sistemática é considerada uma maneira mais racional e menos tendenciosa de organizar, avaliar e integrar as evidências científicas. O objetivo deste artigo foi apresentar de forma metodológica como realizar e interpretar uma revisão sistemática.(AU)
A systematic review is a process of search, selection, evaluation, synthesis, and report of the clinical evidence on a particular question and/or topic. Nowadays, the systematic review is considered a more rational and less biased way to organize, evaluate and integrate scientific evidence. The objective of this article was to present a methodological way of performing and interpreting a systematic review.(AU)
Assuntos
Escrita Médica , Revisão , Medicina Baseada em EvidênciasRESUMO
El término competencias profesionales se define en la actualidad, como la posesión por parte del individuo de los conocimientos, destrezas y actitudes necesarias para realizar su actividad. El actual estudio tiene como objetivo profundizar en el análisis de la literatura sobre las competencias profesionales con un enfoque de formación y desarrollo de la expresión escrita en las universidades médicas. Con la revisión documental, se corroboró que en estas instituciones, el tratamiento de los contenidos de los programas de las asignaturas, no garantizan el desarrollo de las competencias profesionales, atendiendo a que los currículos están diseñados por habilidades lo que trae como resultado que sus egresados no cuenten con el desarrollo adecuado de tales competencias, en particular las que garantizan la práctica afectiva de la expresión escrita.
Professional competencies are currently defined as an individual's knowledge, skills and attitudes required to work in a specific profession. The current study aimed to further examine the literature related to professional skills with a focus on the development of writing in medical universities. Through document review, it was confirmed that in these institutions, the syllabi do not ensure the development of professional competencies since curricula are skills based. This in turn hinders the proper development of professional competencies, particularly those that guarantee strong writing practices.
RESUMO
Publishing a research is one of the most important achievements for a researcher, since it is one of the tools to evaluate his scientific work. This achievement has a three-dimensional commitment: the personal commitment, the commitment with the population from which the data were obtained, and the commitment to the institution where he works. Therefore, publishing in the Revista Médica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social should be a priority and an honor for a researcher of this Institution, since he is working with it to provide solutions to medical problems that affect their beneficiaries.
Publicar una investigación es uno de los logros más importantes para un investigador, pues es un instrumento para evaluar su trabajo científico. Este logro conlleva un compromiso tridimensional: el compromiso personal, el compromiso con la población de la que se obtienen los datos y el compromiso con la institución en donde trabaja. Por ende, publicar en Revista Médica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social debe ser una prioridad y un orgullo para un investigador de esta institución, pues colabora con ella para solucionar los problemas médicos que aquejan a sus derechohabientes.