RESUMO

Abstract Objective To identify the location of the Riché-Cannieu anastomosis (RCA) in relation to the Cardinal Kaplan Line (KCL) and the Y line. Methods A total of 20 hands of 10 recently-deceased adult male cadavers aged between 27 and 66 years were dissected for the investigation of the relationship of the most distal point of the RCA with the KCL and with the Y line, drawn from the axis of the third metacarpal head, following the longitudinal axis of the hand. Results In 20 limbs, the most distal point of the nerve communication was positioned distally in relation to the KCL. The Y line was positioned on the radial side in relation to the most distal point of the RCA in 14 limbs, and it was positioned on the ulnar side in relation to the Y line in 6 limbs. The crossing between the KCL and the Y line occurred proximal to the RCA in 18 limbs; in 1 hand, it was positioned distal to the intersection between these lines; and in another hand, the KCL was positioned exactly on the RCA. Conclusion Knowledge of these anatomical relationships can prevent damage to nerve branches and thus also prevent paralysis of intrinsic muscles in surgical procedures in the palm of the hand.

Resumo Objetivo Identificar a localização da anastomose de Riché-Cannieu (ARC) em relação à linha cardinal de Kaplan (LCK) e à linha Y. Métodos Ao todo, 20 mãos de 10 cadáveres adultos do sexo masculino com idades entre 27 e 66 anos, recentemente falecidos, foram dissecadas para a investigação da relação do ponto mais distal da ARC com a LCK e a linha Y traçada a partir do eixo da cabeça do terceiro metacarpo seguindo o eixo longitudinal da mão. Resultados Nos 20 membros, o ponto mais distal da comunicação nervosa era distal à LCK. A linha Y estava no lado radial em relação ao ponto mais distal da ARC em 14 membros, e no lado ulnar em relação à linha Y em 6 membros. O cruzamento entre a LCK e a linha Y foi proximal à ARC em 18 membros; em 1 mão, era distal à intersecção entre essas linhas e, em outra mão, a LCK estava exatamente na ARC. Conclusão O conhecimento dessas relações anatômicas pode prevenir danos aos ramos nervosos e, assim, também prevenir a paralisia dos músculos intrínsecos em procedimentos cirúrgicos na palma da mão.

RESUMO

Abstract Lipomas are the most common soft-tissue tumors in the human body, but their location in the hand is rare. Symptomatic hand lipomas, due to nerve compression, are even rarer. We present a case of median nerve neuropathy as a result of a giant palm lipoma, located on the thenar and hypothenar areas of the hand. The patient had typical symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome, along with compromised thumb motion. Intraoperatively, the recurrent motor branch of the median nerve was sitting on the lipoma under a great tension. This particular location of the motor branch of the median nerve in relation to the lipoma makes this case unique. The tumor was excised protecting the neurovascular structures, and a few weeks later the patient regained full thumb motion, grip strength, and resolution of dysesthesia.

Resumo Os lipomas são os tumores de partes moles mais comuns no corpo humano, mas sua localização na mão é rara. Os lipomas de mão que causam sintomas por compressão do nervo são ainda mais raros. Apresentamos um caso de neuropatia do nervo mediano decorrente de um lipoma palmar gigante, localizado nas regiões tenar e hipotenar da mão. A paciente apresentava sintomas típicos de síndrome do túnel do carpo, além de comprometimento dos movimentos do polegar. Durante a cirurgia, o ramo motor recorrente do nervo mediano repousava sobre o lipoma sob grande tensão. Esta localização particular do ramo motor do nervo mediano em relação ao lipoma torna este caso único. O tumor foi extirpado, protegendo as estruturas neurovasculares e, poucas semanas depois, a paciente havia recuperado totalmente os movimentos do polegar e força de preensão, além de apresentar resolução da disestesia.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar los resultados de la técnica quirúrgica de colocación de clavillos Kirschner forma lateral versus cruzada en el manejo de las fracturas supracondíleas de húmero en pacientes pediátricos. Metodología: Se captaron a todos los pacientes con fractura supracondílea humeral en edad pediátrica que requirieron intervención quirúrgica, y posteriormente fueron evaluados a las 24 horas y 6 meses posterior al tratamiento quirúrgico para observar y comparar las diferencias entre cada técnica quirúrgica utilizada, tomando en cuenta las complicaciones agudas y tardías que se presentaron mediante un análisis con la prueba de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Para el presente estudios se evaluaron 44 pacientes pediátricos de los cuales 70% eran hombres y 30% mujeres, en quienes se presentaron complicaciones nerviosas y angulares sin importancia significativa alguna con el sexo y edades de los pacientes, siendo la afección del nervio cubital la de mayor frecuencia con 33% en la colocación de forma cruzada. Al realizar la comparativa con discriminación de variables se obtiene que la colocación de forma lateral presenta menos complicaciones posquirúrgicas tempranas y tardías y que tales no se deben al azar. Limitaciones o implicaciones: En el presente estudio no se incluyó el tipo de daño mecánico que provoca este tipo de fractura, ni se consideró el ángulo de Baumann. Otra limitación inherente en la población pediátrica es la habilidad del explorador para detectar un déficit neurológico, especialmente en pacientes de edad temprana dado a que los reportes de una exploración física siempre son subjetivos. Además, dada la limitación en cuanto a los detalles del mecanismo específico de daño, se puede subestimar el número de daños provocados por mecanismos de alta energía. Originalidad y valor: Su importancia radica en que ambas técnicas quirúrgicas fueron realizadas por los mismos cirujanos y que se trata de un estudio en población mexicana, siendo un aporte para la literatura de este país. Conclusión: Ambas técnicas quirúrgicas presentan resultados posquirúrgicos con casos de lesión nerviosa, deformidad angular, dolor y edema persistente, pero la que los presenta en menor frecuencia es la técnica de colocación de clavillos Kirschner en forma lateral, además de causar una significancia estadística en cuanto a la disminución de presentar cubito valgo en el seguimiento tardío de los pacientes.

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the results of the surgical technique placement of Kirschner pins lateral versus crossed in the management of supracondylar fractures of the humerus in pediatric patients. Methodology: All pediatric patients with humeral supracondylar fracture who required surgical intervention and were subsequently evaluated 24 hours and 6 months after surgical treatment to observe and compare the differences between each patient. surgical technique used. Taking into account the acute and late complications that occurred, through an analysis with the Mann-Whitney test. Results: For the present studies, 44 pediatric patients were evaluated, of whom 70% were men and 30% women, in whom nerve and angular complications presented without any significant importance with the sex and age of the patients, with ulnar nerve involvement being the most frequent with 33% in cross placement. When carrying out the comparison with discrimination of variables, it is obtained that the placement laterally presents fewer early and late post-surgical complications and that such are not due to chance. Or the present study, it is considered that a placement of Kirschner pins laterally regardless of the member, age, gender or classification; leads to better post-surgical results. Limitations or implications: In the present study, the type of mechanical damage that causes this type of fracture was not included, nor was the Baumann angle considered. Another limitation inherent in the pediatric population is the ability of the examiner to detect a neurological deficit, especially in young patients since reports of a physical examination are always subjective. Furthermore, given the limited details of the specific damage mechanism, the number of damages caused by high-energy mechanisms may be underestimated. Originality or value: Its importance lies in the fact that both surgical techniques were performed by the same surgeons and that it is a study in the mexican population, being a contribution to the literature of this country. Findings or conclusions: Both surgical techniques present post-surgical results with cases of nerve injury, angular deformity, pain and persistent edema, but the one that presents them less frequently in the technique of placement of Kirschner pins laterally, in addition to causing statistical significance in terms of the decrease of presenting cubitus valgus in the late follow-up of the patients.

RESUMO

SUMMARY: The purpose of this study was to inform the anatomical types of the nasal septum of which including variations by dissection and to provide guidelines for clinical adaptation. For this purpose dissections were performed on 70 nasal septums of formalin fixed Korean adult cadavers (20 males, 11 females, and 39 of unknown sex) with an age at death of 13-105 years. The septal deviation was checked before midsagittal section the nasal cavity with the aid of a laryngoscope. The mucosa on the nasal septum was then removed to observe the morphology of the nasal septum. The shape of each component of the nasal septum was identified, and photographs were taken from a midsagittal plane. This study has discovered various anatomical types of the nasal septum and its variations. The correlations between septal types according to their proportions were also analyzed. The results reported herein provide detailed anatomical knowledge that can be used as a valuable reference for rhinoplasty procedures.

El propósito de este estudio fue informar los tipos anatómicos del tabique nasal incluyendo las variaciones por disección y brindar pautas para la adaptación clínica. Para este propósito, se realizaron disecciones en 70 tabiques nasales de cadáveres adultos coreanos fijados con formalina (20 hombres, 11 mujeres y 39 de sexo desconocido) con una edad de muerte de 13 a 105 años. La desviación septal se comprobó antes de la sección medio sagital de la cavidad nasal con la ayuda de un laringoscopio. A continuación, se retiró la mucosa del tabique nasal para observar la morfología del tabique nasal. Se identificó la forma de cada componente del tabique nasal y se tomaron fotografías desde un plano mediano sagital. En el estudio se descubrieron varios tipos anatómicos del tabique nasal y sus variaciones. También se analizaron las correlaciones entre los tipos septales según sus proporciones. Los resultados informados en este documento proporcionan un conocimiento anatómico detallado que se puede utilizar como una referencia valiosa para los procedimientos de rinoplastía.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract Supracondylar apophysis (SA) is a bony prominence that originates from the anteromedial aspect of the distal humerus with a lower projection and which, although usually asymptomatic, due to the relationship with adjacent structures can cause symptoms. We describe the case of a 42-year-old woman with pain complaints radiating from her elbow to her hand, with 6 months of evolution. On objective examination, the patient had a sensory deficit in the median nerve territory and decreased grip strength. Radiographs of the distal humerus were performed, in which a bone spike was visible, and magnetic resonance imaging showed thickening of the median nerve epineurium. Electromyography showed severe axonal demyelination of the median nerve proximal to the elbow. A median nerve compression caused by a SA was diagnosed. The patient underwent surgery and, 1 year after the operation, she had a complete clinical recovery. Supracondylar apophysis is a rare, but possible and treatable cause of high median nerve compression.

Resumo A apófise supracondilar (ASC) é uma proeminência óssea que tem origem na face anteromedial do úmero distal com projeção inferior e que, apesar de habitualmente assintomática, pela relação com as estruturas adjacentes pode causar sintomatologia. Descrevemos o caso de uma mulher de 42 anos, com queixas álgicas irradiadas do cotovelo à mão, com 6 meses de evolução. Ao exame objetivo, a paciente apresentava um déficit sensorial no território do nervo mediano e diminuição da força de preensão. Foram realizadas radiografias do úmero distal nas quais era visível uma espícula óssea, e na ressonância magnética era evidente o espessamento do epineuro do nervo mediano. A eletromiografia apresentou uma desmielinização axonal grave do nervo mediano proximal ao cotovelo. Foi diagnosticada uma compressão do nervo mediano por uma ASC. A paciente foi submetida à cirurgia e 1 ano pós-operatório apresentou recuperação clínica total. A ASC é uma causa rara, mas possível e tratável da compressão alta do nervo mediano.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract The main purpose of this research was to do an intraindividual comparison of outcomes between the open ulnar incision (OUI) and the Paine retinaculotome with palmar incision (PRWPI) techniques in patients with bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The patients underwent OUI surgery on one hand and PRWPI surgery on the contralateral hand. The patients were evaluated with the Boston carpal tunnel questionnaire, visual analogue scale for pain, palmar grip strength, and fingertip, key, and tripod pinch strengths. Both hands were examined in the preoperative and postoperative periods after 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 and 6 months. Eighteen patients (36 hands) were evaluated. The symptoms severity scale (SSS) scores were higher, in the preoperative period, in the hands that underwent surgery with PRWPI (p-value =0,023), but lower in the 3rd month postoperative (p-value = 0.030). The functional status scale (FSS) scores were lower in the periods of 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months (p-value = 0,016) on the hands that underwent surgery with PRWPI. In a different two-group module study, the PRWPI group presents the SSS scores average on the 2nd week and 1st month, and the FSS scores average on the 2nd week, less 0.8 and 1.2 points respectively comported to open group. The hands that underwent surgery with PRWPI presented significantly lower SSS scores at 3 months postoperative, and lower FSS scores at 2 weeks, and 3 and 6 months postoperative, compared to open surgery group.

Resumo O principal objetivo desta pesquisa foi fazer uma comparação intraindividual dos resultados entre as técnicas de incisão ulnar aberta e retinaculótomo de Paine com incisão palmar em pacientes com síndrome do túnel do carpo (STC) bilateral. Os pacientes foram submetidos à cirurgia aberta em uma mão e cirurgia com retinaculótomo de Paine na mão contralateral. Os pacientes foram avaliados com o Boston carpal tunnel questionnaire, escala visual analógica para dor e força de preensão palmar, pinça lateral, pinça polpa-polpa e trípode. As duas mãos foram examinadas antes da cirurgia e 2 semanas, 1 mês, 3 e 6 meses após a cirurgia. Dezoito pacientes (36 mãos) foram avaliados. As pontuações da escala de gravidade dos sintomas (EGS) foram maiores no pré-operatório nas mãos submetidas à cirurgia com retinaculótomo de Paine (p = 0,023), mas menores no 3° mês após o procedimento (p = 0,030). As pontuações da escala de estado funcional (EEF) foram menores às 2 semanas, 3 meses e 6 meses (p = 0,016) nas mãos submetidas à cirurgia com retinaculótomo de Paine. Em um estudo de módulo de diferença de dois grupos, o grupo submetido à cirurgia com retinaculótomo de Paine apresentou pontuações médias de EGS na 2ª semana e 1° mês e de EEF na segunda semana inferiores a 0,8 e 1,2 pontos, respectivamente, em comparação ao grupo submetido ao procedimento aberto. As mãos submetidas à cirurgia com retinaculótomo de Paine apresentaram escores significativamente menores de EGS em 3 meses e de EEF em 2 semanas, e aos 3 e 6 meses após a cirurgia em comparação a técnica aberta.

Assuntos

RESUMO

We describe the case of an 82-year-old man who had recently undergone cardiac surgery (quadruple coronary bypass), who consulted due to the appearance of a necrotic eschar on the thumb of the right index finger, together with paraesthesia and hypoaesthesia in the first 3 fingers of the same hand. An ultrasound scan of the right elbow was performed to rule out involvement of the median nerve and an anechoic, thick-walled mass was found, dependent on the wall of the proximal ulnar artery, compatible with a pseudoaneurysm of the same, compressing the nerve. Electromyography showed an acute lesion of the proximal median nerve and angio-CT confirmed the diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm of the proximal ulnar artery. Pseudoaneurysm is a dilatation by rupture of the arterial wall, which does not involve all three layers of the arterial wall and communicates with the vascular lumen. Its development after vascular manipulation is very rare, and it is uncommon for it to act by compressing a nerve structure. In our case, together with vascular surgery, treatment with intralesional thrombin was decided, with good evolution.

Se describe el caso de un varón de 82 arios intervenido recientemente de cirugía cardíaca (cuádruple bypass coronario), que consulta por aparición de una escara necrótica en el pulpejo del dedo índice derecho, junto a parestesias e hipoestesias en los tres primeros dedos de dicha mano. Se realiza una ecografía del codo derecho para descartar afectación del nervio mediano y se objetiva una masa anecoica, de paredes engrosadas, dependientes de la pared de la arteria cubital proximal, compatible con pseudoaneurisma de esta, que comprime dicho nervio. En la electromiografía se evidencia una lesión aguda del nervio mediano a nivel proximal y en el angio-TC se confirma el diagnóstico de pseudoaneurisma de la arteria cubital proximal. El pseudoaneurisma es una dilatación por rotura de la pared arterial, que no implica a las tres capas de esta y se comunica con la luz vascular. Su desarrollo tras una manipulación vascular es muy infrecuente y que actúe comprimiendo una estructura nerviosa es poco común. En nuestro caso, conjuntamente con cirugía vascular se decidió tratamiento con trombina intralesional, con buena evolución.

Assuntos

RESUMO

El ramo comunicante mediano-ulnar (RCMU) es la conexión que se origina del nervio mediano (NM) o alguno de sus ramos, para unirse al nervio ulnar (NU) en el antebrazo humano. Cuando este RCMU está presente, determina una prevalencia que oscila entre un 8 % y un 32 %, de tal manera los axones del NM se trasladen al NU, modificando la inervación habitual de los músculos de la mano. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la prevalencia, biometría, topografía y relaciones anatómicas del RCMU. Adicionalmente, se estableció la coexistencia de otras conexiones entre los NM y NU en el antebrazo y la mano. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, no experimental y transeccional. Disecamos 30 antebrazos humanos de individuos adultos, pertenecientes al programa de donación cadavérica de la Pontificia Universidad Católicade Chile. Las muestras estaban fijadas en formalina y a 4 °C. El RCMU se presentó en 5 casos (17 %). De estos ramos, tres surgieron del nervio interóseo anterior (NIA) (60 %) y dos (40 %) del ramo que el NM aporta a los músculos superficiales del compartimiento anterior del antebrazo. Estos se clasificaron de acuerdo a la literatura, así el tipo Ic se presentó en tres casos (60 %), y el tipo Ia en dos (40 %). La longitud promedio del RCMU fue de 53,9 mm. El origen del RCMU se ubicó en el tercio proximal y la conexión de este con el NU se estableció en el tercio medio del antebrazo. En tres casos (60 %) se observó la coexistencia del RCMU y una conexión entre los ramos digitales palmares comunes. Estos hallazgos confirman que el RCMU mayoritariamente se extiende entre el nervio interóseo anterior y el NU, y su presencia podría modificar la distribución nerviosa de la mano.

SUMMARY: The median-ulnar communicating branch (MUCB) is the communication that originates from the median nerve (MN) or one of its branches, to join the ulnar nerve (UN) in the human forearm. With a prevalence that oscillates between 8% and 32%, when this MUCB is present, it establishes that axons from the MN move to the UN, modifying the normal innervation of the muscles of the hand. Our aim was to determine the prevalence, biometry and topography and anatomical relationships of the MUCB. Additionally, the coexistence of this MUCB with other connections between the MN and UN was established. A descriptive, quantitative, non experimental and transectional study was conducted. Thirty adult human forearms belonging to the cadaveric donation program of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile were dissected. The samples were fixed in formalin and stored at 4 °C. The MUCB appeared in 5 cases (17%). Of these, three originated from the anterior interosseous nerve (60%) and two (40%) arose from the branch that the MN gives it to the superficial muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm. These were classified according to the literature consulted, obtaining that Group Ic occurred in three cases (60%), and Group Ia in two (40%). The average MUCB length was 53.9 mm. The origin of the MUCB was on average 21% of the length of the forearm from the biepicondylar line. The connection of this MUCB with the UN was located on average at 44% from this line. In three cases (60%) the coexistence of the MUCB and a connection between the common palmar digital nerves was observed. These findings confirm that the RCMU is generally established between the anterior interosseous nerve of forearm and NU, and its presence could modify the nerve distribution of the hand.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Peripheral nerve injuries vary in length and severity, and they can occur secondary to trauma, compression and ischemia, leading to both motor and sensory neurological deficits. Nerve compression can occur in both the upper and lower limbs. These injuries can affect the quality of life, including the total or partial loss of the individual's productive capacity. The diagnostic methods are based on clinical criteria, but they may also include imaging and electroneurophysiological studies. A clinical examination using the Tinel and Phalen tests, for example, may suggest carpal tunnel syndrome. Complementary exams are used to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other possibilities, and the most used are electroneuromyography (ENMG), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasonography (US). Depending on the type of injury, recovery may be spontaneous or may require conservative or surgical treatment.

As lesões nervosas periféricas variam em extensão e gravidade, as quais podem ocorrer secundárias a trauma, compressão e isquemia, e acarretam déficits neurológicos tanto motores quanto sensoriais. A compressão nervosa pode ocorrer nos membros superiores e inferiores. Estas lesões podem afetar a qualidade de vida, incluindo a perda total ou parcial da capacidade produtiva do indivíduo. Os métodos diagnósticos são baseados em critérios clínicos, mas também podem incluir métodos de imagem e estudos eletroneurofisiológicos. O exame clínico por meio dos testes de Tinel e de Phalen, por exemplo, pode sugerir síndrome do túnel do carpo. Os exames complementares servem para confirmar o diagnóstico e descartar outras possibilidades, sendo os mais utilizados a eletroneuromiografia (ENMG), a tomografia computadorizada (TC), a ressonância magnética (RM) e a ultrassonografia (US). De acordo com o tipo da lesão, a recuperação pode ser espontânea ou necessitar de tratamento conservador ou cirúrgico.

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Transverse carpal ligament (TCL) opening is the treatment of choice for carpal tunnel syndrome. However, complications such as loss of grip strength and anterior displacement of the median nerve are described as common complications associated with this technique. Thus, techniques that reconstruct or extend TCL are described to reduce the incidence of these complications. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of TCL enlargement through Z-plasty and the reduction of complications by comparing it with the complete opening of the ligament. Materials and Methods: A prospective and randomized intervention study was conducted in 56 patients. They were divided into 2 groups: 1) complete opening of TCL 2) TCL enlargement via Z-plasty. We evaluated grip strength, sensitivity, and functional evaluation using the QuickDASH questionnaire. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the improvement of scores with QuickDASH between the two techniques. The sensitivity test was better in patients subjected to TCL enlargement, whereas grip strength increased in the group subjected to complete TCL opening. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the complete opening of the TCL showed no reduction in grip strength, although it showed inferior recovery to postoperative sensitivity. Both techniques were equivalent in functional improvement. Thus, Z-plasty showed no identifiable benefits for TCL enlargement. Level of Evidence III, Randomized Clinical Trial.

RESUMO A abertura completa do ligamento transverso do carpo (LTC) é o tratamento de escolha para a síndrome do túnel do carpo. No entanto, complicações como perda de força de preensão e deslocamento anterior do nervo mediano são complicações comuns associadas a essa técnica. Assim, descrevem-se técnicas que reconstroem ou alargam o LTC visando reduzir a incidência dessas complicações. Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade do alargamento do LTC através de Z-plastia e a diminuição das complicações, comparando a técnica com a abertura completa do ligamento. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo de intervenção, prospectivo e randomizado com 56 pacientes. Estes foram divididos em dois grupos: 1) abertura completa do LTC e 2) alargamento do LTC através de Z-plastia. Avaliamos força de preensão e sensibilidade e realizamos avalição funcional por meio do questionário Quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH). Resultados: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante na melhora dos escores entre as duas técnicas. O teste de sensibilidade teve melhores resultados nos pacientes submetidos ao alargamento do LTC, enquanto a força de preensão teve maior acréscimo no grupo submetido à abertura completa do LTC. Conclusão: A abertura completa do LTC não levou à redução da força de preensão, apesar de ter se mostrado inferior na recuperação da sensibilidade no pós-operatório. As duas técnicas foram equivalentes na melhora funcional. Dessa forma, não encontramos benefícios identificáveis na realização da Z-plastia para alargamento do LTC. Nível de Evidência III, Ensaio Clínico Randomizado.

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to present lines A1 and A2 in association with Kaplan's cardinal line (LCK), and relate them to the thenar motor branch of the median nerve (RMTNM) and to the deep branch of the ulnar nerve (RPNU). Methods: Ten hands of five adult cadavers were dissected. Results: The RMTNM origin was positioned proximal to the LCK in all limbs. In two, the RMTNM was positioned exactly on the A1 line; in seven, it was on the ulnar side in relation to A1. In one, it was on the radial side relative to the A1. The origin of the RPNU was identified between the pisiform and the LCK in nine limbs; in one, the RPNU was positioned from the ulnar nerve in relation to A2; and in two, the A2 passed exactly at the point of division of the ulnar nerve into superficial branches and deep. We did not identify the positioning of the RPNU on the radial side of the A2 line. Conclusion: The impact of this study was to identify the anatomical trajectory of these nerves by detaching A1 and A2 along with the KCL, avoiding iatrogenic lesions during surgical procedures. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.

RESUMO Objetivo: Apresentar as linhas A1 e A2 em associação com a linha cardinal de Kaplan (LCK) e relacioná-las ao ramo motor tenar do nervo mediano (RMTNM) e ao ramo profundo do nervo ulnar (RPNU). Métodos: Foram dissecadas dez mãos de 5 cadáveres adultos. Resultados: Em todos os membros, a origem do RMTNM posicionou proximal a LCK. Em dois, o RMTNM foi posicionado exatamente na linha A1, em sete foi no lado ulnar em relação à A1. Em um, foi no lado radial em relação à A1. A origem do RPNU foi identificada entre o pisiforme e o LCK em 9 membros, em um, o RPNU foi posicionado a partir do nervo ulnar em relação à A2, em dois, a A2 passou exatamente no ponto de divisão do nervo ulnar em ramos superficial e profundo. Não identificamos o posicionamento do RPNU no lado radial da linha A2. Conclusão: O impacto deste trabalho é que, ao destacar A1 e A2 juntamente com o LCK, conseguimos identificar a trajetória anatômica desses nervos e, evitar lesões iatrogênicas durante os procedimentos cirúrgicos. Nível de Evidência IV; Série de Casos.

RESUMO

Abstract Fibrolipomatous hamartoma (FLH) of the nerve, also known as lipomatosis of the nerve, neurofibrillary lipomatous lesion, or intraneural lipoma, is a rare benign soft tissue tumor which mainly occurs in the nerves of the upper limb, especially in the median nerve. In April 2021, a 30-year-old male patient was secondly admitted to our hospital and underwent his third surgery, due to the recurrence of a mass and pain in the right palm, noticeable swelling and numbness of the right index and ring fingers, and limited flexion and extension activities of the right ring finger. He first visited our hospital in December 2017 due to a mass and pain in the right palm and swelling and numbness of the right index and ring fingers. When the clinician asked for the patient medical history, his parents stated that his right middle finger was swollen after birth. When the patient was ten years old; he was diagnosed with "macrodactyly" at the local county hospital, not in our hospital, and subsequently, the middle finger was amputated at the metacarpophalangeal joint level at the local county hospital. The postoperative pathological examination was not performed at that time, which was the first surgery the patient received. FLH is clinically rare, and its exact epidemiology and etiology are poorly understood. FLH is highly suspected in cases where a painless mass is present in the wrist, combined with macrodactyly. Magnetic resonance imaging and pathological examination are helpful in clarifying the diagnosis. Although FLH is a benign tumor, an individual treatment plan is the best choice according to the severity of the patient's symptoms. Therefore, further exploration and understanding of this disease by clinicians radiologists, and pathologists is necessary.

Resumen El hamartoma fibrolipomatoso (FLH) del nervio, también conocido como lipomatosis del nervio, lesión neurofibrilar lipomatosa, o lipointraneural, es un tumor benigno de tejido blando poco frecuente, que se presenta principalmente en los nervios del miembro superior, especialmente en el nervio mediano. En abril de 2021, un paciente masculino de 30 años fue ingresado por segunda vez en nuestro hospital y sometido a su tercera cirugía debido a la recurrencia de una masa y dolor en la palma derecha, evidente hinchazón y entumecimiento de los dedos índice y anular derecho y limitadas actividades de flexión y extensión del dedo anular derecho. En diciembre de 2017, visitó por primera vez nuestro hospital debido a una masa y dolor en la palma derecha, y a la hinchazón y entumecimiento de los dedos índice y anular derecho. Cuando el clínico preguntó la historia clínica del paciente, sus padres declararon que su dedo medio derecho estaba hinchado después del nacimiento, y cuando el paciente tenía 10 años, fue diagnosticado con "macrodactilia" en el hospital local del condado, no en nuestro hospital Posteriormente, el dedo medio fue amputado a nivel de la articulación metacarpofalángica en el hospital comarcal local, pero no se realizó la patología postoperatoria en ese momento, siendo ésta la primera cirugía a la cual se sometió el paciente. La FLH es clínicamente rara, y su epidemiología y etiología exactas no se entienden bien. En los casos que presentan una masa indolora en la muñeca, combinada con macrodactilia, se sospecha de FLH. La resonancia magnética y la patología son útiles para aclarar el diagnóstico. Aunque la FLH es un tumor benigno, el plan de tratamiento individual es la mejor opción de acuerdo con la gravedad de los síntomas del paciente. Por lo tanto, es necesaria una mayor exploración y comprensión de esta enfermedad por parte de médicos, radiólogos y patólogos.

RESUMO

Introducción: El diagnóstico del síndrome de túnel del carpo se basa en los síntomas y signos clínicos del paciente y se apoya en estudios de electrodiagnóstico. Objetivos: Determinar el rendimiento diagnóstico de los signos clínicos de síndrome de túnel del carpo y la evaluación de un nuevo modelo como propuesta diagnóstica. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo de pruebas diagnósticas para síndrome de túnel del carpo en pacientes que asistieron a la consulta de cirugía de mano: Tinel, Phalen, Elevación de manos, y una nueva propuesta que llamaremos Elevación/Phalen, Resultados: Se evaluaron 88 manos en 47 pacientes con un promedio de edad de 45 años. El Tinel fue positivo en 63 (71,59 %), el Phalen en 67 (76,13 %), la Elevación de manos en 69 (78,4 %) y la Elevación/Phalen en 74 (84,09 %). Respecto al patrón establecido para la comparación clínica, los resultados fueron positivos en 71 (80,6 %) y negativos en 17 (19,4 %). El rendimiento clínico de Elevación/Phalen mostró una sensibilidad del 88,8 % y una especificidad de 78,6 %, con un valor predictivo positivo del 95,9 %. Conclusiones: La prueba Elevación/Phalen es equiparable a las pruebas clásicas de Tinel, Phalen y Elevación de manos, por tanto, puede ser utilizada para el diagnóstico clínico del síndrome de túnel del carpo.

Introduction: The diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome is based on the patient's clinical signs and symptoms, supported by electrodiagnostic studies. Objectives: To determine the diagnostic performance of the clinical signs of carpal tunnel syndrome and the evaluation of a new model as a diagnostic proposal. Methods: A prospective study was carried out for diagnostic tests for carpal tunnel syndrome in patients who attended the hand surgery consultation: Tinel, Phalen, Elevation of hands, and a new proposal that we will call Elevation/Phalen. Results: Eighty eight (88) hands were evaluated in 47 patients with a mean age of 45 years. Tinel was positive in 63 (71.59%), Phalen in 67 (76.13%), Hand Elevation in 69 (78.4%) and Elevation/Phalen in 74 (84.09%). Regarding the pattern established for clinical comparison, the results were positive in 71 (80.6%) and negative in 17 (19.4%). The clinical performance of Elevation/Phalen showed 88.8% of sensitivity and 78.6% of specificity, with 95.9% of positive predictive value. Conclusions: The Elevation/Phalen test is comparable to the classic Tinel, Phalen and Hand Elevation tests, therefore, it can be used for the clinical diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome.

RESUMO

Introducción: La identificación, interpretación y manejo de hallazgos incidentales en imagenología dental es imprescindible. Algunos de ellos requieren técnicas de imagen adicionales y remisión a profesionales de experiencia, otros únicamente su descripción. Una de estas variantes anatómicas se halla en el clivus, la fossa navicularis magna, asociada en pocos casos a repercusiones sistémicas. Objetivo: Describir las características de la fossa navicularis magna para su identificación mediante tomografía computarizada de haz cónico. Presentación de los casos: Tres pacientes de sexo femenino, con un rango de edad entre 35-71 años que acuden al Centro Odontológico de la Universidad San Martín de Porres para tratamientos de ortodoncia y rehabilitación oral. En estas áreas, como parte del protocolo se solicita tomografía computarizada de haz cónico por pieza retenida y elaboración de guías quirúrgicas respectivamente. El escaneo permite la identificación de un defecto tipo muesca en el clivus, de límites bien definidos y bordes corticalizados, lo que sugiere fossa navicularis magna. La historia clínica de los pacientes no sugirió implicaciones clínicas. Principales comentarios: Se informa y discute esta variante anatómica cuya presencia no requiere tratamiento y generalmente no tiene repercusiones sistémicas. En contados casos ha estado asociado con cuadros clínicos que amenazan la vida del paciente, precisamente porque puede servir como un trayecto para infecciones intracraneales. De ahí la necesidad de conocer y describir esta variante anatómica(AU)

Introduction: The identification, interpretation and management of incidental findings in dental imaging is essential. Some of them require additional imaging techniques and referral to experienced professionals, others only their description. One of these anatomical variants is found in the clivus, fossa navicularis magna, associated in few cases with systemic repercussions. Objective: Describe the characteristics of fossa navicularismagna for its identification by cone-beam computed tomography. Presentation of cases: Three female patients, with an age range between 35-71 years who come to the Dental Center of San Martín de Porres University for orthodontic treatments and oral rehabilitation. In these areas, as part of the protocol, cone-beam computed tomography per retained piece and development of surgical guides are requested, respectively. The scan allows the identification of a notch-like defect in the clivus, of well-defined boundaries and corticalized edges, suggesting fossa navicularis magna. The patients' medical history did not suggest clinical implications. Main comments: This anatomical variant is reported and discussed and its presence does not require treatment and generally has no systemic repercussions. In rare cases it has been associated with clinical pictures that threaten the patient's life, precisely because it can serve as a path for intracranial infections. Hence the need to know and describe this anatomical variant(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract Objective To evaluate the prevalence of anatomical variations encountered in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome who underwent carpal tunnel classical open release. Methods A total of 115 patients with a high probability of clinical diagnosis for carpal tunnel syndrome and indication for surgical treatment were included. These patients underwent electroneuromyography and ultrasound for diagnostic confirmation. They underwent surgical treatment by carpal tunnel classical open release, in which a complete inventory of the surgical wound was performed in the search and visualization of anatomical variations intra- and extra-carpal tunnel. Results The total prevalence of anatomical variations intra- and extra-carpal tunnel found in this study was 63.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 54.5-72.4). The prevalence of the carpal transverse muscle was 57.4% (95% CI: 47.8-66.6%), of the bifid median nerve associated with the persistent median artery was 1.7% (95% CI: 0.0-4.2%), and the median bifid nerve associated with the persistent median artery and the transverse carpal muscle was 1.7% (95% CI: 0.0-4.2%). Conclusion The most prevalent extra-carpal tunnel anatomical variation was carpal transverse muscle. The most prevalent intra-carpal tunnel anatomical variation was median bifid nerve associated with the persistent median artery. The surgical finding of an extra-carpal tunnel anatomical variation, such as the transverse carpal muscle, may indicate the presence of other associated carpal intra tunnel anatomical variations, such as the bifid median nerve, persistent median artery, and anatomical variations of the recurrent median nerve branch.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência de variações anatômicas encontradas em pacientes com síndrome do túnel do carpo submetidos a liberação cirúrgica por via aberta clássica. Métodos Foram incluídos um total de 115 pacientes com alta probabilidade de diagnóstico clínico de síndrome do túnel do carpo, com indicação para o tratamento cirúrgico. Estes pacientes realizaram eletroneuromiografia e ultrassonografia para confirmação diagnóstica. Foram submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico por via aberta clássica, no qual foi realizado um inventário completo da ferida operatória na busca e visualização de variações anatômicas intra e extra túnel do carpo. Resultados A prevalência total das variações anatômicas intra e extra túnel do carpo encontradas neste estudo foi de 63,5% (intervalo de confiança [IC]95%: 54,5-72,4%). A prevalência do músculo transverso do carpo foi de 57,4% (IC95%: 47,8-66,6%), do nervo mediano bífido associado à artéria mediana persistente foi de 1,7% (IC95%: 0,0-4,2%) e do nervo mediano bífido associado à artéria mediana persistente e ao músculo transverso do carpo foi de 1,7% (IC95%: 0,0-4,2%). Conclusão A variação anatômica extra túnel do carpo mais prevalente foi o músculo transverso do carpo e a variação anatômica intra túnel do carpo mais prevalente foi o nervo mediano bífido associado à artéria mediana persistente. O achado cirúrgico de uma variação anatômica extra túnel do carpo, como o músculo transverso do carpo, pode nos indicar a presença de outras variações anatômicas intra túnel do carpo associadas, como nervo mediano bífido, artéria mediana persistente e variações anatômicas do ramo recorrente do nervo mediano.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introducción: El entendimiento de la anatomía del nervio mediano en su curso por el codo permite comprender el origen de diversas patologías en este sitio, además identificar la distribución y las variantes de las ramas nerviosas es útil para definir las vías de abordaje en las cirugías del nervio mediano. Materiales y Métodos: Disección de especímenes cadavéricos, muestra por conveniencia, previa aprobación del comité de ética y siguiendo un protocolo de disección identificando el nervio mediano, las ramificaciones en el codo y su relación con estructuras vasculares y miotendinosas. Resultados: Se disecaron 20 codos con edad promedio 60,8 años, explorando el nervio mediano, sus ramificaciones y estructuras anatómicas adyacentes en la fosa antecubital. En ningún caso se encontró ligamento de Struthers, la distancia a la arcada del pronator teres (PT) desde la línea interepicondílea fue de 51,3 mm y a la arcada del flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) 74,1 mm. El patrón más frecuente fue un tronco para el PT, una rama trasversa proximal con divisiones para el FDS, flexor carpi radialis (FCR) y palmaris longus (PL). La inervación del FCR provenía en su mayoría del tronco del PT. Discusión: Se muestra la gran variabilidad de origen y distribución de las ramas originadas del nervio mediano en el codo, se cuantifican las distancias y características morfológicas en los sitios de compresión conocidos. La rama para el FCR se pone en riesgo en la exploración de las arcadas tendinosas del PT y el FDS.

Introduction: Understanding the anatomy of the median nerve as it passes through the elbow allows us to understand the origin of various pathologies at this site. In addition, identifying the distribution and variants of the nerve branches is useful for defining the approach routes in surgeries of the elbow. median nerve. Materials and Methods: Dissection of cadaveric specimens, convenience sample, prior approval of the ethics committee and following a dissection protocol identifying the median nerve, the branches in the elbow and its relationship with vascular and myotendinous structures. Results: 20 elbows with an average age of 60.8 years were dissected, exploring the median nerve, its branches and adjacent anatomical structures in the antecubital fossa. In no case was Struthers' ligament found, the distance to the arch of the pronator teres (PT) from the interepicondylar line was 51.3 mm and to the arch of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) 74.1 mm. The most frequent pattern was a trunk for the PT, a proximal transverse branch with divisions for the FDS, flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and palmaris longus (PL). The innervation of the FCR came mostly from the trunk of the PT. Discussion: The great variability of origin and distribution of the branches originating from the median nerve at the elbow is shown, the distances and morphological characteristics at the known compression sites are quantified. The branch for the FCR is put at risk in the exploration of the tendon arcades of the PT and the FDS.

RESUMO

Resumen: Introducción: La falla renal es la tercera disfunción orgánica más frecuente en pacientes ingresados al hospital y la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos; la supervivencia de pacientes críticamente enfermos con lesión renal aguda es aproximadamente 70%, pero los datos en pacientes críticamente enfermos con enfermedad renal crónica son escasos. Objetivo: Contrastar la supervivencia a mediano plazo de pacientes críticamente enfermos con función renal normal, lesión renal aguda y enfermedad renal crónica. Material y métodos: Se eligieron todos los pacientes ingresados de forma consecutiva a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de enero 01 a diciembre 31 de 2018, se diagnosticó la función renal al ingreso, fueron seguidos a 90 días y se contrastó la supervivencia entre los tres grupos. Resultados: De los 355 pacientes para el análisis final, a 184 (51.8%) se les diagnosticó función renal normal, 96 (27.1%) lesión renal aguda y 75 (21.1%) enfermedad renal crónica al ingreso a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. La edad fue mayor en los grupos de lesión renal aguda y enfermedad renal crónica que en el grupo de función renal normal (64.0 ± 17.6 y 67.8 ± 16.3 vs 56.7 ± 18.5 años, p = 0.000), el porcentaje de mujeres fue menor en el grupo de lesión renal aguda y enfermedad renal crónica que en el grupo de función renal normal (46/96 [47.9%] y 25/75 [47.6% vs 122//184 [63.3%], p = 0.001). La supervivencia fue menor en los grupos de lesión renal aguda y enfermedad renal crónica contrastada con el grupo de función renal normal (66/96 [68.75%] y 49/75 [65.33%] vs 150/184 [81.5%], Logrank test = 0.007). Conclusiones: La supervivencia a mediano plazo de pacientes críticamente enfermos con lesión renal aguda y enfermedad renal crónica al ingreso a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos es baja contrastada con el grupo de función renal normal.

Abstract: Introduction: Renal failure is the third most frequent organ dysfunction in patients admitted to the hospital and Intensive Care Unit; survival of critically ill patients with acute kidney injury is approximately 70%, but data in critically ill patients with chronic kidney disease are scarce. Objective: To contrast the medium-term survival of critically ill patients with normal renal function, acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Material and methods: All patients consecutively admitted to the Intensive Care Unit from January 01 to December 31, 2018, were chosen, renal function was diagnosed on admission, they were followed up for 90 days and survival between the three groups was contrasted. Results: Of the 355 patients for the final analysis, 184 (51.8%) were diagnosed with normal renal function, 96 (27.1%) acute kidney injury, and 75 (21.1%) chronic kidney disease on admission to the Intensive Care Unit. Age was higher in the acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease groups than in the normal renal function group (64.0 ± 17.6 and 67.8 ± 16.3 vs 56.7 ± 18.5 years, p = 0.000), the percentage of women was lower in the group acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease than in the normal renal function group (46/96 [47.9%] y 25/75 [47.6% vs 122//184 [63.3%], p = 0.001). Survival was lower in the acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease groups compared to the normal kidney function group (66/96 [68.75%] and 49/75 [65.33%] vs 150/184 [81.5%], Logrank test = 0.007). Conclusions: The medium-term survival of critically ill patients with acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease on admission to the intensive care unit is low compared to the group with normal kidney function.

Resumo: Introdução: A insuficiência renal é a terceira disfunção orgânica mais frequente em pacientes internados no hospital e na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva; a sobrevivência de pacientes críticos com lesão renal aguda é de aproximadamente 70%, mas os dados em pacientes críticos com doença renal crônica são escassos. Objetivo: Compare a sobrevivência a médio prazo de pacientes críticos com função renal normal, lesão renal aguda e doença renal crônica. Material e métodos: Todos os pacientes admitidos consecutivamente na Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos de 1º de Janeiro a 31 de Dezembro de 2018 foram escolhidos, a função renal foi diagnosticada na admissão, foram acompanhados por 90 dias e a sobrevivência entre os 3 grupos foi contrastada. Resultados: Dos 355 pacientes para a análise final, 184 (51.8%) foram diagnosticados com função renal normal, 96 (27.1%) lesão renal aguda e 75 (21.1%) doença renal crônica na admissão na unidade de terapia intensiva. A idade foi maior nos grupos lesão renal aguda e doença renal crônica do que no grupo função renal normal (64.0 ± 17.6 e 67.8 ± 16.3 vs 56.7 ± 18.5 anos, p = 0.000), o percentual de mulheres foi menor no grupo agudo lesão renal e doença renal crônica do que no grupo com função renal normal (46/96 [47.9%] y 25/75 [47.6% vs 122//184 [63.3%], p = 0.001). A sobrevivência foi menor nos grupos de lesão renal aguda e doença renal crônica em comparação com o grupo de função renal normal (66/96 [68.75%] e 49/75 [65.33%] vs 150/184 [81.5%], teste Logrank = 0.007). Conclusões: A sobrevivência em médio prazo de pacientes críticos com lesão renal aguda e doença renal crônica na admissão na unidade de terapia intensiva é baixa em comparação com o grupo com função renal normal.

RESUMO

SUMMARY: The objective of this study was to characterize the communication between ulnar and the median nerve in the superficial palmar region from a sample of mestizo-raced population predominant in Latin America. The superficial palmar regions of 53 fresh cadaveric specimens were evaluated, whom of which underwent necropsy procedure at the Institute of Legal Medicine. Dissection was performed by planes until visualizing the presence of the Communicating Branch (CB) between the digital branches of the ulnar nerve (UN) and the median nerve (MN). Qualitative and morphometric evaluation of the CB was carried out. A CB were observed in 82/ 106 (77.4 %) of the cadaveric specimens studied, of which, 38/53 (71.7 %) were bilateral, 15/53 (28.3 %) unilateral; this being a statistically significant difference (p <0.002). Oblique trajectory of the CB between the fourth and third common digital nerve was observed in 70 (85.4 %) specimens, while the CB with transverse trajectory was found in 7 (8.5 %) regions and in a plexiform form in 5 (6.1 %) cases. The length of the CB was 20.2 ± 5.1 mm and the distances from the upper edge of the flexor retinaculum to the proximal and distal points of the CB were 25 ± 6 mm and 37.4 ± 8.3 mm respectively. The anatomical characteristics of the CB patterns, as well as the morphometric CB findings and their points of reference from the carpal flexor retinaculum, make it possible to delimit a safe area of surgical access in the first-fifth proximal of the palmar region, during the surgical approach of carpal tunnel syndrome.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la comunicación entre los nervios ulnar y mediano en la región palmar superficial a partir de una muestra de población de raza mestiza predominante en América Latina. Se evaluaron las regiones palmares superficiales de 53 especímenes cadavéricos frescos, los cuales fueron sometidos procedimiento de necropsia en el Instituto de Medicina Legal. La disección se realizó por planos hasta visualizar la presencia del ramo comunicante (RC) entre los ramos digitales palmares del nervio ulnar (NU) y del nervio mediano (NM). Se realizó evaluación cualitativa y morfométrica del RC, observándose RC en 82/106 (77,4 %) de los especímenes cadavéricos estudiados, de los cuales 38/53 (71,7 %) eran bilaterales, 15/53 (28,3 %) unilaterales; siendo esta una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p <0,002). Se observó trayectoria oblicua del RC entre el cuarto y tercer nervio digital palmar común en 70 muestras (85,4 %), mientras que el RC con trayectoria transversal se encontró en 7 casos (8,5 %) y en forma plexiforme en 5 casos (6,1 %). La longitud del RC fue de 20,2 ± 5,1 mm y las distancias desde el margen superior del retináculo flexor hasta los puntos proximal y distal del RC fueron de 25 ± 6 mm y 37,4 ± 8,3 mm, respectivamente. Así, los hallazgos morfométricos del RC y sus puntos de referencia, desde el retináculo flexor, permiten delimitar una zona segura de acceso quirúrgico en el primer-quinto proximal de la región palmar, durante el abordaje quirúrgico del síndrome del túnel carpiano.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Introduction: Joint moments are explained by the forces that occur during gait and generate a movement in the joint. The maximum peak adduction moment (MPM) of the knee has been associated with osteoarthritis (OA). In Colombia, however, there are no references to these values for clinical use in an asymptomatic population. Objective: To describe the characteristics of joint moments in the coronal plane of the knee of asymptomatic elderly whilst walking. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive study that included 50 participants of both genders and older than 60 years old. They were residents of the metropolitan area del Valle de Aburrá that had volunteered and were capable of following indications without any external aids while walking, and with no pain. Gait analysis was performed when walking at a normal speed on a 6 m pathway on two force plates, and was registered by a system of 8 opto-electric 3D recording cameras. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20. Results: A mean BMI of 26.34 kg/m2 was found, and the mean of the MPM was 0.26 Nm/kg, generating a graph with two peaks, with the first being of greater magnitude that occurred in 17% of the gait cycle. Conclusions: The MPM of 0.26Nm/kg found in this population is lower than that reported in the osteoarthritis population. A reference curve for gait analysis has been established in these asymptomatic elderly. It is essential that these values are available, in order to help the professional to make precise and quantitative diagnoses in gait alterations.

Resumen Introducción: El uso excesivo de teléfonos inteligentes conlleva manifestaciones musculoesqueléticas como el síndrome del túnel carpiano (STC) o la artritis de las articulaciones de las manos, con un aumento del área transversal del nervio mediano (CSA). Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es detectar oportunamente trastornos musculoesqueléticos de la mano utilizando una ecografía, así como detectar el atrapamiento nervioso mediante estudios clínicos de evaluación, ultrasonográficos y electrofisiológicos en nuestros empleados universitarios menores de 35 años que utilizan teléfonos inteligentes, con evaluación del Cuestionario de Resultados de Mano de Michigan (MHQ). Materiales y métodos: El estudio controlado transversal incluyó a 74 usuarios de teléfonos inteligentes que fueron clasificados en 2 grupos, según la escala de adicción a los teléfonos inteligentes (SAS), en usuarios de teléfonos inteligentes altos y bajos, con 35 no usuarios de teléfonos inteligentes con edad y sexo iguales, como grupo de control. El MHQ se utilizó para evaluar de la función de la mano con una puntuación total de 0 a 100. Se realizaron estudios electrodiagnósticos de la mediana de los nervios y cubitales para detectar el atrapamiento nervioso temprano. La ecografía bilateral se realizó para evaluar la CSA del nervio mediano y la afectación del pulgar y de las articulaciones pequen˜ as de las manos. Los datos recogidos fueron analizados por la versión 20 del programa SPSS. Resultados: Las CSA de los nervios medianos fueron significativamente más altas en la mano dominante de los usuarios altos que en los no usuarios bajos de teléfonos inteligentes (p < 0,001). Hubo una correlación positiva significativa entre la CSA y SAS (r −0,45), la escala analógica visual (VAS) (r −0,61) y la duración del uso del teléfono inteligente (r −0,80) con la correlación negativa con MHQ (r −0,63). Se encontraron diferencias significativas en los estudios electrofisiológicos de los nervios medios y cubitales. La puntuación ultrasonográfica media para ambas manos fue más alta en altos en comparación con los usuarios de teléfonos inteligentes bajos (15,08 × 4,17 frente a 6,46 × 1,38, p < 0,001). Conclusiones: Existe una asociación entre la adicción a los teléfonos inteligentes y el área transversal del nervio mediano asociada con el aumento de las CSA entre los usuarios de teléfonos inteligentes altos en comparación con los usuarios bajos y no inteligentes. Se debe tener precaución al usar teléfonos inteligentes para minimizar el riesgo de desarrollo de trastornos musculoesqueléticos de las manos.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Se describe el caso clínico de un paciente de 36 años de edad, quien acudió a la consulta de Ortopedia y Traumatología del Hospital General Docente Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, con un alambrón oxidado, encarnado en la cara palmar de la muñeca derecha, con parestesias en la zona de inervación del nervio mediano. La radiografía reveló que dentro de las estructuras de la muñeca había 10 cm del alambrón, con la porción distal doblada en forma de gancho, por lo cual se le realizó intervención quirúrgica de urgencia. Se utilizó anestesia regional, sedación e isquemia y se extrajo el cuerpo extraño en sentido contrario a la curvatura que presentaba. Luego de pasar el efecto anestésico persistían las parestesias en el pulpejo del índice, que desaparecieron completamente a los 4 meses del accidente. Se incorporó a sus labores habituales a los 2 meses de operado.

The case report of a 36 years patient is described. He went to the Orthopedics and Traumatology Service of Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, with a rusty big wire, ingrowing in the right wrist palmar face, with paresthesias in the innervation area of the median nerve. The x-ray revealed that inside the wrist structures there was 10 cm of the big wire, with the distal portion bent in hook form, reason why an emergency surgical intervention was carried out. Regional anesthesia, sedation and ischemia were used and the strange body was removed in sense contrary to the bend that presented. After the anesthetic effect eased the paresthesias of the index finger tip persisted that disappeared completely 4 months after the accident. He went back to his usual works 2 months after the operation.

Assuntos