RESUMO

The objective was to conduct a systematic review to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with beta-adrenergic agonists on calpains and calpastatin activity in bovine muscle and changes in meat tenderness. A survey was conducted in June 2019 on Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Capes Periodicals, using four keyword combinations: agonist and calpain and cattle; agonist and calpain and bovine; agonist and calpain and heifers; agonist and calpain and steers. Thirteen studies were selected, 54% concluded that supplementation with beta-adrenergic agonists increases calpastatin activity, 23% observed increase in their gene expression and 23% reported no effect on activity or expression of this enzyme. Nine studies evaluated the influence of beta-adrenergic agonists supplementation on meat texture and all found an increase in shear force values. There is strong evidence that beta-adrenergic agonists may increase calpastatin activity in the muscle, causing damage to meat tenderness.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Esse trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar as características físicas e microbiológicas de carnes maturadas e tenderizadas, comercializadas na região de Dracena, SP. Foram adquiridas aleatoriamente oito amostras de carne maturada e oito amostras de carne tenderizada de estabelecimentos comerciais, as quais foram submetidas a análises de pH, força de cisalhamento, perdas por cocção, cor e microbiologia. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos e oito repetições. Dentre as características físicas estudadas, foi observada diferença significativa entre os processos de amaciamento para pH, perdas por cocção, intensidade de vermelho (a*), intensidade de amarelo (b*) e teores de oximioglobina e metamioglobina (O/M) (P0,05) entre os processos de amaciamento para força de cisalhamento e luminosidade. Dentre as características microbiológicas estudadas, foi observada diferença significativa entre os processos na contagem total de bactérias e no grupo de psicrotróficos (P0,05). As carnes bovinas maturadas e tenderizadas em comercialização na região de Dracena, SP, embora com diferenças bastante claras e perceptíveis ao olho humano em algumas características físicas, são semelhantes quanto à maciez e apresentam cor e qualidade microbiológica dentro dos padrões adequados para a comercialização e consumo humano...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and microbiological characteristics of aged and tenderized beef commercialized in the Dracena region, SP. Eight samples of aged meat and eight samples of tenderized meat were randomly purchased from commercial establishments and submitted to measurements of pH, shear force, cooking losses and color and to microbiological analysis. A completely randomized design consisting of two treatments and eight replicates was used. Among the physical characteristics studied, significant differences between the tenderization processes were observed for pH, cooking loss, redness (a*), yellowness (b*) and oxymyoglobin/metmyoglobin ratio (O/M) (P0.05) in shear force or lightness between processes. Microbiological analysis revealed a significant difference (P0.05) Despite clear and perceptible differences to the human eye in some physical characteristics, aged and tenderized beef commercialized in the Dracena region, SP, is similar in terms of tenderness and its color and microbiological quality meet the standards required for sale and human consumption...

Assuntos

RESUMO

Esse trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar as características físicas e microbiológicas de carnes maturadas e tenderizadas, comercializadas na região de Dracena, SP. Foram adquiridas aleatoriamente oito amostras de carne maturada e oito amostras de carne tenderizada de estabelecimentos comerciais, as quais foram submetidas a análises de pH, força de cisalhamento, perdas por cocção, cor e microbiologia. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos e oito repetições. Dentre as características físicas estudadas, foi observada diferença significativa entre os processos de amaciamento para pH, perdas por cocção, intensidade de vermelho (a*), intensidade de amarelo (b*) e teores de oximioglobina e metamioglobina (O/M) (P<0,05), sendo as carnes maturadas as que apresentaram menor pH e perdas por cocção e maior a*, b* e O/M. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas (P>0,05) entre os processos de amaciamento para força de cisalhamento e luminosidade. Dentre as características microbiológicas estudadas, foi observada diferença significativa entre os processos na contagem total de bactérias e no grupo de psicrotróficos (P<0,05), e não foi encontrada diferença entre os processos para o grupo de enterobactérias (P>0,05). As carnes bovinas maturadas e tenderizadas em comercialização na região de Dracena, SP, embora com diferenças bastante claras e perceptíveis ao olho humano em algumas características físicas, são semelhantes quanto à maciez e apresentam cor e qualidade microbiológica dentro dos padrões adequados para a comercialização e consumo humano...(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and microbiological characteristics of aged and tenderized beef commercialized in the Dracena region, SP. Eight samples of aged meat and eight samples of tenderized meat were randomly purchased from commercial establishments and submitted to measurements of pH, shear force, cooking losses and color and to microbiological analysis. A completely randomized design consisting of two treatments and eight replicates was used. Among the physical characteristics studied, significant differences between the tenderization processes were observed for pH, cooking loss, redness (a*), yellowness (b*) and oxymyoglobin/metmyoglobin ratio (O/M) (P<0.05), with aged meat exhibiting a lower pH and cooking losses and higher a*, b* and O/M values. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in shear force or lightness between processes. Microbiological analysis revealed a significant difference (P<0.05) in total bacterial count and psychotropic count between processes, while there was no difference in the number of enterobacteria (P>0.05) Despite clear and perceptible differences to the human eye in some physical characteristics, aged and tenderized beef commercialized in the Dracena region, SP, is similar in terms of tenderness and its color and microbiological quality meet the standards required for sale and human consumption...(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

With advances in molecular genetics have been possible to predict the genetic value of the animal, in particular its potential to transmit desired characters to their offspring, including characters difficult to evaluate or with low heritability, as is the case of the meat tenderization. It is known that Bos taurus indicus features differences in meat tenderization, being assigned this variability to their lowest proteolysis post-mortem, as result of high activity of calpastatin. This inhibitor decreases the activity of calpain, which are the enzymes responsible for the degradation of muscle fibers during the maturation of the meat. Moreover, there were previously observed differences in the frequencies of allele A of calpain among European breeds (Hereford, Aberdeen Angus and Holstein) and Bos taurus indicus (Gir, Guzerá and Nelore). This variability has been related to tenderness of meat, as cattle with Bos taurus taurus origin have more tender meat than Bos taurus indicus, showing small values of shear force. One explanation is that the Capn2A product could confer greater proteolytic activity than the encoded by the allele Capn2B. If allele A is associated with tender meat, it will be possible the early identification of the animals that have the potential to produce meat with qualities that attend the needs of the consumer market, in order to add economic value to the final

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

RESUMO

With advances in molecular genetics have been possible to predict the genetic value of the animal, in particular its potential to transmit desired characters to their offspring, including characters difficult to evaluate or with low heritability, as is the case of the meat tenderization. It is known that Bos taurus indicus features differences in meat tenderization, being assigned this variability to their lowest proteolysis post-mortem, as result of high activity of calpastatin. This inhibitor decreases the activity of calpain, which are the enzymes responsible for the degradation of muscle fibers during the maturation of the meat. Moreover, there were previously observed differences in the frequencies of allele A of calpain among European breeds (Hereford, Aberdeen Angus and Holstein) and Bos taurus indicus (Gir, Guzerá and Nelore). This variability has been related to tenderness of meat, as cattle with Bos taurus taurus origin have more tender meat than Bos taurus indicus, showing small values of shear force. One explanation is that the Capn2A product could confer greater proteolytic activity than the encoded by the allele Capn2B. If allele A is associated with tender meat, it will be possible the early identification of the animals that have the potential to produce meat with qualities that attend the needs of the consumer market, in order to add economic value to the final

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

RESUMO

In this work, analysis of chicken breast fillets was performed for shear values and sensory evaluation after different times of aging. Aging process was carried out by holding carcasses in covered plastic boxes, in a cold room, at 3 +/- 1ºC; groups of 5 carcasses were stored and classified according to the period of storage in cold room as 0 (control), 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours. The variation in pH of chicken carcasses during rigor decreased from 6.4 to 5.9. However, during the process of aging, the pH values increased up to 6.2 in the first 12h, probably as the result of proteolysis. The Warner-Bratzler shear values decreased as aging time increases, resulting in a first order kinetic. The carcasses presented a more accentuated decline in shear values in the first two hours of aging. After this period, the curve had a similar performance, achieving values of less than 1 kgf in 4 hours or more, with complete aging being accomplished at 8 hours. The samples with higher period of aging (8, 12 and 24 hours) were preferred in sensorial analysis, without significant differences among them.

Neste trabalho, foram estudados os efeitos de diferentes tempos de maturação post-mortem sobre os valores de ruptura tecidual (cisalhamento) e avaliação sensorial de filés de peito de frango. O processo de maturação foi realizado pela manutenção das carcaças em caixas fechadas de plástico e armazenadas a 3±1 oC. Grupos de 5 carcaças foram classificados de acordo com o período de armazenagem na câmara fria como 0 (controle), 2, 4, 8, 12 e 24 horas. Os valores de pH das carcaças durante o período do rigor post-mortem decresceram de 6,4 para 5,9, enquanto que, durante o subseqüente período de maturação, os valores voltaram a crescer, atingindo um pH de 6,2 após 12 horas, provavelmente como resultado da proteólise. Os valores de cisalhamento de Warner-Bratzler decresceram inversamente ao tempo de maturação, de acordo com uma reação cinética de primeira ordem, apresentando um declínio mais acentuado nos valores de cisalhamento nas primeiras duas horas de maturação, após o qual o desempenho tendo sido similar para todos os grupos, atingindo valores inferiores a 1kgf em 4 horas ou mais, com a maturação completa sendo atingida em 8 horas. As amostras com períodos maiores de maturação (8, 12 e 24 horas) foram preferidas na análise sensorial, sem diferenças significativas entre elas.

RESUMO

In this work, analysis of chicken breast fillets was performed for shear values and sensory evaluation after different times of aging. Aging process was carried out by holding carcasses in covered plastic boxes, in a cold room, at 3 +/- 1ºC; groups of 5 carcasses were stored and classified according to the period of storage in cold room as 0 (control), 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours. The variation in pH of chicken carcasses during rigor decreased from 6.4 to 5.9. However, during the process of aging, the pH values increased up to 6.2 in the first 12h, probably as the result of proteolysis. The Warner-Bratzler shear values decreased as aging time increases, resulting in a first order kinetic. The carcasses presented a more accentuated decline in shear values in the first two hours of aging. After this period, the curve had a similar performance, achieving values of less than 1 kgf in 4 hours or more, with complete aging being accomplished at 8 hours. The samples with higher period of aging (8, 12 and 24 hours) were preferred in sensorial analysis, without significant differences among them.

Neste trabalho, foram estudados os efeitos de diferentes tempos de maturação post-mortem sobre os valores de ruptura tecidual (cisalhamento) e avaliação sensorial de filés de peito de frango. O processo de maturação foi realizado pela manutenção das carcaças em caixas fechadas de plástico e armazenadas a 3±1 oC. Grupos de 5 carcaças foram classificados de acordo com o período de armazenagem na câmara fria como 0 (controle), 2, 4, 8, 12 e 24 horas. Os valores de pH das carcaças durante o período do rigor post-mortem decresceram de 6,4 para 5,9, enquanto que, durante o subseqüente período de maturação, os valores voltaram a crescer, atingindo um pH de 6,2 após 12 horas, provavelmente como resultado da proteólise. Os valores de cisalhamento de Warner-Bratzler decresceram inversamente ao tempo de maturação, de acordo com uma reação cinética de primeira ordem, apresentando um declínio mais acentuado nos valores de cisalhamento nas primeiras duas horas de maturação, após o qual o desempenho tendo sido similar para todos os grupos, atingindo valores inferiores a 1kgf em 4 horas ou mais, com a maturação completa sendo atingida em 8 horas. As amostras com períodos maiores de maturação (8, 12 e 24 horas) foram preferidas na análise sensorial, sem diferenças significativas entre elas.