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A aproximação entre petse tutores está cada vez mais presente na rotina atual das residências familiares. Essa aproximação aumenta a observação de quaisquer alterações físicas ou comportamentais dos animais levando-o a buscar um médico veterinário quando necessário. O papel do clínico, oncologista e do patologista veterinário vem a ser de extrema importância para detecção das neoplasias em suas fases iniciais. A utilização dos meios de diagnósticos complementares para os casos de neoplasias é de fundamental importância para ter ciência do prognóstico do animal e de qual tratamento será o melhor tratamento para os casos abordados. O mastocitoma é a neoplasia cutânea mais frequente do cão, é uma neoplasia maligna e sua etiologia é pouco compreendida. Independente do sexo, atingem machos e fêmeas, porém se apresentam de forma mais agressiva em machos. O diagnóstico, geralmente é estabelecido por meio de exames complementares, associados aos sinaisclínicos, devendo sempre prezar pelo diagnóstico precoce para que haja maior êxito no tratamento.O exame citológico para o diagnóstico de mastocitoma é um dos métodos mais eficientes e de baixo custo, sendo complementado pelo exame histopatológico para agraduação de malignidade e estadiamento da doença. Preconiza-se a associação da cirurgia com o tratamento quimioterápico com terapia antiblástica e eletroquimioterapia para um melhor prognóstico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso de mastocitoma cutâneo após um erro primário de manejo clinico, em um canino, macho, nove anos, da raça American Pitbull Terrier, trazendo sua complexidade e bases dos meios de diagnóstico(AU)

The approximation between pets and tutors is increasingly present in the current routine of family homes. This approach increases the observation of physical or behavioral changes in animals, leading them to seek a veterinarian when necessary. The role of the clinician, oncologist and veterinary pathologist is extremely important for the detection of neoplasms in their early stages. The use of complementary diagnostic means for cases of neoplasms is of fundamental importance to be aware of the animal's prognosis and which treatment will be the best treatment for the cases examined. Mastocytoma is the most frequent skin neoplasm in dogs, it is a malignant neoplasm and its etiology is poorly understood. Regardless of gender, they affect males and females, but are more aggressive in males. The diagnosis is usually established through complementary exams, associated with clinical signs. Cytological examination for the diagnosis of mast cell tumor is an inexpensive method and one of the most efficient methods, being complemented by histopathological examination for its evolution of malignancy and disease staging, recommended the association of surgery with chemotherapy treatment with antiblastic therapy and electrochemotherapy for better prognoses. The aim of this study was to report a case of cutaneous mastocytoma after a primary error in clinical management, in a canine, male, nine years old, of the American Pitbull Terrier breed, bringing its complexity and bases of the means of diagnosis(AU)

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INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, and significantly contributes to cancer-related deaths. Most cases arise from adenomatous polyps. Biomarkers currently play an important role in tumor progression. Our aim was to identify perivascular mast cells and analyze the expression of laminin-332, MMP-9, and VEGF in cases of adenoma and CRC in humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients were selected at the Coloproctology Service and samples were obtained through biopsies. Adenoma and CRC slides were examined, utilizing immunohistochemistry to detect molecules, and were processed, using 1% Alcian Blue (pH 0.5) for mast cell staining. RESULTS: Higher density of perivascular mast cells was observed in adenomas. Laminin-332 expression revealed basement membrane discontinuity associated with tumor invasion in CRC. MMP-9 immunostaining in adenoma was detected in glandular epithelium and lining epithelium, in areas close to the basement membrane, whereas in CRC, the enzyme was found in the cytoplasm of invasive clusters. VEGF expression was associated with cell atypia in adenoma and in areas of disorganization of the epithelium-connective tissue interface in CRC. VEGF has also been detected in endothelial cells from microvessels. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated the different patterns of perivascular mast cells and molecular expression in colorectal neoplasms. Those analyses favor the recognition of the predisposition to the disease, or its early stage, and have the potential to define the molecular profile of the lesions.

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Background: The diagnostic of neoplasia in dogs has risen significantly in the last years and this fact is mostly attributed to the longer life expectancy of these animals, which contributes to a greater chance of exposure to carcinogenic agents. In between the diverse tumors that could compromise skin, the mastocytoma is the third most commonly diagnosed neoplasia. It is characterized by being a form of neoplasia with round cells, these being the mast cells. The objective of the present study consisted in relating a case of cutaneous mastocytoma in a 7-year-old bitch mixed-breed treated at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the University of Uberaba (UNIUBE) - Uberaba, MG, Brazil. Case: The bitch initially presented a localized nodule external to the right ear pinna with cytology test suggesting a mastocytoma. The nodule was surgically removed and, posteriorly, an histopatholgy was not requested. After 5 months since the emergence of the nodule and a month after its surgical resection, the tutor noticed the presence of a new growth in the ipsilateral cervical region to the previous nodule. At this moment, the responsible veterinarian decided to refer the animal to an oncologist. During the appointment with the oncologist, alterations such as hyporexia and anemia were related, and the presence of a nodule in the right cervical region measuring 4.5 to 4 cm of diameter was verified. Material for cytologic evaluation of the neoplasia was collected and again the result suggested a mastocytoma. The new tumor was also surgically removed but was then referred to histopathological evaluation for diagnostic confirmation, grading and evaluation of surgical margins. The tumor was classified as an infiltrative subcutaneous mastocytoma presenting, additionally, compromised surgical margins. After its excision, the association with a chemotherapy treatment using a protocol of Vimblastina 2 mg/m², i.v. in unique dosage per section, associated with Predinisona 1 mg/kg, v.o, SID was indicated. Each section was realized with an interval of 7 days in between. Only 2 chemotherapy sessions took place. Because of the worsening of the clinical condition associated with a very weakened animal the veterinarian opted for the euthanasia of the animal. Discussion: The diagnostic of mastocytoma must be realized through the association of cytology and histopathology, in case histopathological evaluation is needed to confirm the obtained cytology result, to grade the tumor and to evaluate the compromising of surgical margins. In this sense, it was observed that the bitch was submitted only to cytology diagnostic when it presented the nodule in the ear pavilion. Yet, at the second approach realized by the oncologist, it was possible to realize adequate diagnose methods. However, the animal was not submitted to clinical staging of the mastocytoma due to the non-authorization of the exam by the tutor. Such measure is very important, as it reflects directly in the treatment and prognostic of the animal. Thus, image exams such as abdominal ultrasonography and chest X-ray should have been realized, as well as cytological and histopathological evaluation of the regional lymph nodes, in order to search for metastasis points in these places. As the data suggests, the importance of clinical staging of animals affected by this neoplasia and the importance of cytological evaluation associated with histopathology for a correct diagnosis, prognosis and mastocytoma treatment is noted. It is emphasized that many times veterinarians face impediment related to requesting all necessary exams coming from tutors, which compromises treatment success.

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Mobile phone use has increased rapidly. The central nervous system has been shown to be adversely affected by its electromagnetic field (EMF) resulting in headache and sleep disturbances. How the cells make up the CNS and are affected by EMF is unclear. However, because of their central role in inflammation through diverse stimuli including radiation, this study aimed to investigate the effects of electromagnetic fields induced by mobile phones on mast cells in rat dura mater. A total of 18 adult, female, SpragueDawley rats were divided into two groups. The choice of female rats for his study was based on recent surveys demonstrating that mobile phone use is more frequent and prolonged among females. The study group was exposed to 900 MHz electromagnetic field (1 h/day for 45 days). In the end of the study, duramater tissue was extracted and stained using Toluidine blue. Mast cells were counted and results were analysed using Student t test. Mean mast cell number was 202.33±9.82 and 456.78±35.01 in the control and study groups, respectively (p<0.05). Analysis of serum electrolyte and immunoglobulin E levels showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). The study showed that mobile phone exposure increased mast cell number and degranulation in rat dura mater. Further studies are required to evaluate the clinical implications of these findings.

El uso del teléfono móvil ha aumentado rápidamente. Se ha demostrado que el sistema nervioso central (SNC) se ve afectado de manera adversa debido al campo electromagnético (CEM) que produce dolor de cabeza y trastornos del sueño. No está claro cómo se ve afectada la composición celular del SNC por el CEM. Sin embargo, debido a su función principal en la inflamación a través de diversos estímulos que incluyen la radiación, este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los efectos de los campos electromagnéticos inducidos por los teléfonos móviles en los mastocitos de la duramadre de ratas. Un total de 18 ratas Sprague-Dawley adultas, hembras, se dividieron en dos grupos. Se usaron ratas hembras para este estudio en base a investigaciones recientes que han demostrado que el uso de teléfonos móviles es más frecuente y prolongado en las mujeres. Los grupos de estudio fueron expuestos a un campo electromagnético de 900 MHz (1 h / día durante 45 días). Al término del estudio, fue extirpado el tejido de la duramadre y teñido con azul de toluidina. Se contaron los mastocitos y se analizaron los resultados utilizando la prueba t de Student. La cantidad media de células cebadas fue de 202,33 ± 9.82 y 456,78 ± 35,01 en los grupos control y estudio, respectivamente (p <0,05). El análisis del electrolito sérico y los niveles de inmunoglobulina E no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos grupos (p> 0,05). El estudio mostró que la exposición a teléfonos móviles aumentó el número de mastocitos y la desgranulación en la duramadre de las ratas. Se requieren estudios adicionales para evaluar las implicaciones clínicas de estos hallazgos.

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Resumen La matriz extracelular (MEC) juega un papel importante en la regulación de los eventos biológicos, tales como, el desarrollo de la migración celular, proliferación y diferenciación. La exposición crónica a la luz ultravioleta (UV) provoca elastosis (en distintos grados), que corresponde a una degeneración basófila de la MEC. La queilitis actínica (QA) es una lesión potencialmente maligna del labio inducida por la exposición regular y prolongada a la luz UV, que afecta principalmente al bermellón del labio inferior. Las lesiones de QA tienen un estroma complejo, se observa siempre la presencia de elastosis, infiltrado inflamatorio crónico de distinta intensidad y la aparición de vasos sanguíneos telangiectásicos. Dentro de este infiltrado inflamatorio se ha descrito un aumento significativo de mastocitos (MCs), localizados especialmente alrededor de las zonas de elastosis y en la zona subepitelial. Se ha propuesto que la elastosis actínica se produce tanto por procesos degenerativos como de síntesis anormal de fibras elásticas por parte de fibroblastos con daño solar, lo que va acompañado de cambios morfológicos del colágeno. A pesar de que el fibroblasto tendría un rol preponderante en la formación de la elastosis actínica, diversos estudios sugieren que otros tipos celulares como el MC también contribuirían en forma significativa al daño actínico de la MEC. El propósito de esta revisión es analizar las características de la elastosis en la QA.

Abstract The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in the regulation of biological events, such as cell migration, proliferation and differentiation. Chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light causes elastosis (to varying degrees), which corresponds to a basophilic degeneration of the ECM. Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a potentially malignant lip lesion induced by regular and prolonged exposure to UV light, which mainly affects the vermilion. AC lesions have a complex stroma characterized by the presence of elastosis, chronic inflammatory infiltrate of different intensity and the appearance of telangiectatic blood vessels. Within this inflammatory infiltrate a significant increase of mast cells (MCs) has been described, located especially around areas of elastosis and at the subepithelial zone. It has been proposed that actinic elastosis is produced both, by degenerative processes and by abnormal synthesis of elastic fibers by photodamaged fibroblasts, which is accompanied by morphological changes in collagen. Although the fibroblast would play a major role in actinic elastosis formation, several studies suggest that other cell types such as MCs also contribute significantly to actinic ECM damage. The purpose of this review is to discuss the characteristics of elastosis in AC.

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Intestinal adenomas are benign neoplasms that present a risk of malignancy associated with three independent characteristics: the polyp size, the histological architecture and the severity of epithelial dysplasia (or atypia). Current evidence suggests that mast cells (CM) contribute to the tumorigenesis of colorectal carcinomas. Objective: Compare the concentration of CM in intestinal adenomas and risk criteria for malignancy in these tumors (size, histological type and degree of cellular atypia). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study with 102 anatomopathological reports of intestinal adenoma excision. We selected paraffin blocks with the central area of the tumor. The CM were stained with toluidine blue. RESULTS: In most cases (89.2%, n=91), the mast cells concentration (MC) was less than 6 CM/10 high power field (HPF) (p=0.0001). Most adenomas, regardless of their histological type, showed 0 CM/10 HPF (p=0.083). In most adenomas, regardless of their size, MC was 0 CM/10 HPF (p=0.665). Presence or absence of atypia was associated, in most cases, with MC of 0 CM/10 HPF (p=0.524). Conclusion: This study did not show association between the MC and histological type, size or presence of atypical cells in intestinal adenomas. (AU)

Adenomas intestinais são neoplasias benignas que apresentam risco de malignização relacionado a três características independentes: o tamanho do pólipo, a arquitetura histológica e a gravidade da displasia (ou atipia) epitelial. Evidências atuais sugerem que os mastócitos contribuem para a tumorigênese do carcinoma colorretal. OBJETIVO: Analisar comparativamente a concentração de mastócitos em adenomas intestinais e os critérios de risco para malignização nesses tumores (tamanho, tipo histológico e grau de atipia celular). Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo, com seleção de 102 laudos anatomopatológicos de exérese de adenoma intestinal. Foram selecionados os blocos de parafina com a área central da neoplasia para a realização da coloração de azul de toluidina para evidenciar os mastócitos. RESULTADOS: Na maioria dos casos (89,2%, n=91) a concentração de mastócitos (CM) foi menor que 6 mastócitos/10 campos de grande aumento (CGA) (p=0,0001). A maioria dos adenomas, independente do tipo histológico, mostrou 0 mastócito/10 CGA (p=0,083). A maioria dos adenomas, independentemente do tamanho, tinha CM de 0 mastócito/10 CGA (p=0,665). A presença ou a ausência de atipias esteve associada, na maioria dos casos, a CM de 0 mastócito/10 CGA (p=0,524). CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo não mostrou associação entre a concentração de mastócitos e tipo histológico, tamanho ou presença de atipias celulares nos adenomas intestinais. (AU)

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O mastocitoma é um dos tumores cutâneos mais corriqueiros na clínica de pequenos animais. Caracte¬riza-se por transformações neoplásicas e proliferação anormal de mastócitos. Ainda que possa atingir cães de qualquer raça e idade, as raças braquiocefálicas e os de meia idade a idosos parecem estar mais predispostos. Acomete freqüentemente o tronco e as regiões perineal, genital e inguinal, também podem atingir extremidade de membros, cabeça e pescoço. O diagnóstico baseia-se nos achados de citologia aspirativa, no entanto o exame histopatológico torna-se necessário para classificar o grau de malignidade. O tratamento constitui-se de abordagem cirúrgica acompanhada, ou não de quimiotera¬pia e radioterapia. Este artigo destaca os aspectos clínicos, diagnóstico e terapêuticos do mastocitoma canino(AU)

Mast cell tumor is one of the most common skin tumors in small animal clinics. It is characterized by neoplastic transformation and abnormal mast cell proliferation. A1though it may affect dogs of any breed or age, brachiocephalic breeds and middle-age to older dogs appear to be at high risk for the development of mast cell tumor. It is usually located in the trunk, perineum, genital and inguinal regions, but it also can occur in the lower limbs, head and neck. Diagnosis is based in fine-needle aspi¬ration cytology; however, histopathology is necessary to evaluate the malignancy grade of the tumor. The treatment can be done by either surgery or radiotherapy or chemotherapy. This article reviews the clinical, diagnostic and aspects of canine mast cell tumor(AU)

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O mastocitoma é um dos tumores cutâneos mais corriqueiros na clínica de pequenos animais. Caracte¬riza-se por transformações neoplásicas e proliferação anormal de mastócitos. Ainda que possa atingir cães de qualquer raça e idade, as raças braquiocefálicas e os de meia idade a idosos parecem estar mais predispostos. Acomete freqüentemente o tronco e as regiões perineal, genital e inguinal, também podem atingir extremidade de membros, cabeça e pescoço. O diagnóstico baseia-se nos achados de citologia aspirativa, no entanto o exame histopatológico torna-se necessário para classificar o grau de malignidade. O tratamento constitui-se de abordagem cirúrgica acompanhada, ou não de quimiotera¬pia e radioterapia. Este artigo destaca os aspectos clínicos, diagnóstico e terapêuticos do mastocitoma canino

Mast cell tumor is one of the most common skin tumors in small animal clinics. It is characterized by neoplastic transformation and abnormal mast cell proliferation. A1though it may affect dogs of any breed or age, brachiocephalic breeds and middle-age to older dogs appear to be at high risk for the development of mast cell tumor. It is usually located in the trunk, perineum, genital and inguinal regions, but it also can occur in the lower limbs, head and neck. Diagnosis is based in fine-needle aspi¬ration cytology; however, histopathology is necessary to evaluate the malignancy grade of the tumor. The treatment can be done by either surgery or radiotherapy or chemotherapy. This article reviews the clinical, diagnostic and aspects of canine mast cell tumor

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Paciente pediátrico, 6 meses, masculino, internado no Hospital Geral em Caxias do Sul. Apresentou lesões hipercrômicas maculopapulares descamativas, vermelho-acastanhadas, intensamente pruriginosas, atingindo grande parte do corpo. Recebeu anti-histamínicos e banhos de água e aveia, enquanto internado. Foi realizada biópsia de pele, que constatou quadro compatível com urticária pigmentosa (UP). A UP é a mais freqüente manifestação de mastocitose, ocorrendo na pele e caracterizando-se por lesões cutâneas com pigmentação persistente e pruriginosa. A mastocitose é caracterizada por um acúmulo local ou sistêmico de mastócitos, sendo que os sintomas, dentre os quais o principal é o prurido, resultam da liberação maciça de histamina e outros mediadores pelos mastócitos. O diagnóstico é baseado basicamente na história e apresentação clínica, com confirmação de envolvimento cutâneo por biópsia. Ainda não há tratamento definitivo e eficaz, e somente alívio sintomático pode ser atingido (AU)

Pediatric patient, 6 months old, male, admitted to General Hospital in Caxias do Sul. The patient displays hyperchromic maculopapular peeling lesions, reddish-brown, with intense itching extending over the majority of the body. The patient received anti-histamines and oat water baths while at the hospital. The results of a skin biopsy were indicative of urticaria pigmentosa (UP). UP is the most common manifestation of mastocytosis, occurring in the skin and characterized by cutaneous lesions with persistent and itching spots. Mastocytosis is characterized by a local or systemic accumulation of mast cells, accompanied by symptoms, among which the primary one is itching, resulting from the massive release of histamine and other mediators by the mast cells. Diagnosis is based basically on clinical history and examination, confirmed by cutaneous biopsy. There is still no satisfactory and efficient treatment, and only the symptoms can be alleviated (AU)

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A histopathological study was conducted on the abomasal mucosa of 40 Corriedale sheep exposed to natural infection with Haemonchus spp. The sheep were allowed to graze on contaminated pastures for 14 days and, after being housed for 28 days, they were slaughtered. Fecal samples were collected for fecal egg counts (FEC) and abomasum samples were obtained for histopathological examination and eosinophil, mast cell and globule leucocyte counts. The number of Haemonchus spp. present in the abomasum was estimated from a 10% aliquot of its content. The number of eggs per female was estimated for 10 Haemonchus spp. females collected from each animal. The following significant correlation coefficients were obtained between the characteristics analyzed: number of Haemonchus and FEC (r = 0.86), female length and number of eggs per female (r = 0.60), female length and FEC (r = 0.53), number of eosinophils and number of Haemonchus (r = 0.48), number of eosinophils and number of globule leucocytes (r = 0.54), number of mast cells and female length (r = -0.39), and number of mast cells and number of globule leucocyte (r = 0.34). The characteristics that showed the highest correlation with animal load was FEC.

Realizou-se um estudo histopatológico da mucosa do abomaso de 40 cordeiros da raça Corriedale, expostos à infecção natural por Haemonchus spp. Os cordeiros foram colocados em pastagens contaminadas por 14 dias e após 28 dias de estabulação foram necropsiados. Por ocasião da necropsia, foram colhidas amostras de fezes para a realização da contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) e amostras do abomaso para exame histopatológico e contagem do número de eosinófilos, mastócitos e leucócitos globulares. O número de Haemonchus spp. presente no abomaso foi estimado a partir de uma alíquota de 10% do conteúdo. O número de ovos por fêmea foi estimado em 10 fêmeas de Haemonchus spp. colhidas de cada animal. Coeficientes de correlação significativos entre as características analisadas foram: número de Haemonchus e contagem de OPG (r = 0,86); comprimento de fêmeas e número de ovos por fêmea (r = 0,60); comprimento de fêmeas e contagem de OPG (r = 0,53); número de eosinófilos e número de Haemonchus (r = 0,48); número de eosinófilos e número de leucócitos globulares (r = 0,54); número de mastócitos e comprimento de fêmeas (r = -0,39) e número de mastócitos e número de leucócitos globulares (r = 0,34). Das características analisadas a que apresentou maior correlação com a carga parasitária dos animais foi a contagem de OPG.