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Resumo: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de efetividade (RSE), sobre a efetividade do Massive open online course (MOOC) no ensino superior de estudantes da saúde humana. É um método sistemático e relevante para sumarizar evidências sobre uma intervenção. A seguinte questão de pesquisa foi elaborada: Qual é a efetividade do MOOC no ensino e aprendizagem, comparado com quaisquer outras estratégias de ensino, em estudantes do ensino superior na área da saúde? O acrônimo PICO foi utilizado, onde: P: estudantes do ensino superior na área da saúde humana; I: MOOC; C: quaisquer estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem e O: aprendizagem baseada em competências com aquisição de conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes. Os estudos incluídos atenderam os seguintes critérios: estudos publicados ou não publicados sobre o MOOC em Inglês, Português e Espanhol; no ensino superior na área da saúde e publicados a partir de 2008. Foram selecionados estudos experimentais como ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECR) e quasi-experimentais (Non-randomised Studies of effects of Interventions - NRSI), nas bases de dados; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL); Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science e a biblioteca Education Resources Information Center (ERIC). Os processos de seleção e exclusão foram realizados por dois revisores independentes, aplicando os critérios de elegibilidade, foram incluídas 03 publicações, com 02 (ECR) e 01 (NRSI) que somaram um total de 305 participantes. Sendo 224 estudantes de enfermagem; 48 estudantes de fisioterapia e 33 não médicos. Há um número reduzido de publicações que descrevem a eficácia da intervenção MOOC nas graduações do ensino superior da saúde, divulgados em diferentes revistas internacionais, com objetivo de avaliar o MOOC comparado a outras estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem. Percebe-se que os estudos incluídos e analisados foram positivos para a intervenção MOOC em relação aos conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes, no ensino superior na área da saúde em relação às outras estratégias estudadas (aula expositiva presencial e curso online). De modo geral, o MOOC pode ser eficaz para os estudantes de ensino superior da área da saúde humana. As evidencias encontradas sugerem que o MOOC melhora o desenvolvimento de conhecimento, habilidades e atitudes dos estudantes em relação a outras estratégias de ensino, embora a força da evidencia seja fraca, não há contraindicação para o uso dessa estratégia de ensino. A confiança nesses resultados é reduzida pela impossibilidade de agrupar os estudos, bem como em decorrência de viés metodológico e imprecisão destes, acarretou uma certeza baixa ou muito baixa, atribuídas aos estudos, conforme julgamento por meio do Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evalution (GRADE). São necessárias novas pesquisas que superem essas limitações, bem como avaliem a sua efetividade e qualidade. O MOOC se mostra como uma estratégia interessante para aprimorar, diversificar a educação, seja na formação, atualizações de estudantes e profissionais de saúde e na democratização do conhecimento. O conhecimento compilado e analisado, nesta revisão sistemática de efetividade é inovadora, está alinhada a área de concentração do Programa de Pós e a Linha de pesquisa Tecnologia e Inovação para o Cuidar em Saúde e Enfermagem, espera-se que o estudo impacte os gestores e docentes sobre a prática pedagógica do ensino superior de graduação em saúde humana, por meio da sumarização das evidências disponíveis sobre esta tecnologia educacional - MOOC. Esta RSE é passível de replicabilidade, para eventuais pesquisas futuras e recomenda-se a produção de novas evidências. O protocolo está registrado no International prospective register of systematic reviews - PROSPERO sob o n° ID CRD42018108846.

Abstract: This is a systematic review (SR) on the effectiveness of the Massive open online course (MOOC) in higher education for health students. It is a systematic and relevant method for producing evidence about an intervention. The following research question was elaborated: What is the effectiveness of the MOOC in teaching and learning, compared to any other teaching strategies, in higher education students in the health area? The acronym PICO was used, where: P: higher education students in the field of human health; I: MOOC; C: any teaching and learning strategies and O: competence-based learning with acquisition of knowledge, skills and attitudes. The included studies met the following criteria: published or unpublished studies on the MOOC in English, Portuguese and Spanish; in higher education in the health area and published from 2008 onwards. Experimental studies such as randomized clinical trials (RCT) and quasi-experimental (Non-randomised Studies of Effects of Interventions - NRSI) were selected in the following databases: CINAHL, LILACS, PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science and ERIC. The selection and exclusion process were accomplished by two independent reviewers, applying the eligibility criteria, 03 publications were included, with 02 (ECR) and 01 (NRSI) that totaled 305 participants, only the NRSI had more than 150 participants. Of these 224 were nursing students; 48 physiotherapy students and 33 non-medical students. There is a small number of publications that describe the effectiveness of the MOOC intervention in higher health education graduations, published in different international journals, with the objective of evaluating the MOOC compared to other teaching and learning strategies. It can be seen that the studies included and analyzed were positive for the MOOC intervention in relation to knowledge, skills and attitudes in higher education in the area of health in relation to the other strategies studied (face-to-face lecture and online course). Overall, the MOOC can be effective for higher education students in the field of human health. The evidence found suggests that the MOOC improves the development of knowledge, skills and attitudes of students in relation to other teaching strategies, although the strength of the evidence is weak, there is no contraindication for the use of this teaching strategy. Confidence in these results is reduced by the impossibility of grouping the studies, as well as, as a result of methodological bias and imprecision of these, resulted in low or very low certainty, attributed to the studies, as judged by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evalution (GRADE). Further research is needed to overcome these limitations, as well as to assess its effectiveness and quality. The MOOC proves to be an interesting strategy to improve, diversify education, whether in training, updates of students and health professionals and in the democratization of knowledge. The knowledge compiled and analyzed in this systematic review of effectiveness is innovative, it is aligned with the area of concentration of the Postgraduate Program and the Research Line Technology and Innovation for Health and Nursing Care, it is expected that the study will impact managers and professors on the pedagogical practice of undergraduate higher education in human health, by summarizing the available evidence on this educational technology - MOOC. This CSR can be replicated for possible future research and the production of new evidence is recommended. The protocol is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews - PROSPERO under ID No. CRD42018108846.

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Online learning is becoming a fundamental modality of learning in medical education, and can be of great help during global crisis like the current COVID-19 pandemic. The MOOC (massive open online course) mode of e-learning is increasing its penetration worldwide, as a valid teaching approach to reach large populations. A major challenge in clinical education is the assessment of medical students and residents in clinical settings, and there is substantial evidence that the current situation requires improvement. The goal of this study was to evaluate the quality dimensions of a MOOC titled "Learning assessment in clinical settings," developed by three Mexican universities in the Coursera platform. A mixed-method study design was used to assess the quality dimensions of the MOOC in two phases: pilot and implementation. The best-rated aspects were learning resources and pedagogical perspective, and those with opportunity for improvement were collaboration and time management. Assessment might be learned through a MOOC format, especially for participants willing to engage with educational technology and self-direction.

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Introduction: Planetary health (PH) has emerged as a leading field for raising awareness, debating, and finding solutions for the health impacts of human-caused disruptions to Earth's natural systems. PH education addresses essential questions of how humanity inhabits Earth, and how humans affect, and are affected by, natural systems. A pilot massive open online course (MOOC) in PH was created in Brazil in 2020. This MOOC capitalized on the global online pivot, to make the course accessible to a broader audience. This study describes the process of course creation and development and assesses the impact evaluation data and student outcomes of the PH MOOC. Methods: The PH MOOC pilot was launched in Brazilian Portuguese, using the TelessaúdeRS-UFRGS platform on 4/27/2020 and concluded on 7/19/2020 with a total load of 80 h. It was composed of 8 content modules, pre and post-test, 10 topics in a forum discussion, and an optional action plan. This study analyzes the course database, profile of participants, answers to questionnaires, forum interaction, and action plans submitted. Results: Two thousand seven hundred seventy-seven participants enrolled in the course, of which 1,237 (44.54%) gave informed consent for this study. Of the 1,237 participants who agreed to participate in the research, 614 (49.8%) completed the course, and 569 (92.67%) were accredited by TelessaúdeRS-UFRGS. The majority of the participants were concerned with climate change, trained in the health area, and worked in primary health care in places that lacked ongoing sustainability programs. Two hundred forty-one action plans were submitted, major topics identified were food and nutrition, infectious diseases, and garbage and recycling. Discussion: The use of the PH lens and open perspective of the course centered the need to communicate planetary health topics to individuals. The local plans reflected the motto of "think global and act local." Brazil presents a context of an unprecedented social, political, and environmental crisis, with massive deforestation, extensive fires, and biomass burning altering the biomes, on top of an ongoing necropolitical infodemic and COVID-19 pandemic. In the face of these multiple challenges, this MOOC offers a timely resource for health professionals and communities, encouraging them to address planetary challenges as fundamental health determinants.

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