RESUMO
PIP: Events related to the family, especially those involving children, are of extreme importance in the study of demographic evolution. A varied typology of families coexist in Colombia in addition to the traditional family based on a married couple. Colombia, like many Western countries, is undergoing a process of change in the patterns of family composition and structure. In the past 2 decades, nonmarital cohabitation has replaced marriage and traditional consensual union as the most accepted form of union among young people. Separation and divorce have led to one-parent families and successive unions, with children of different unions living together. Data from the 1995 National Survey of Demography and Health revealed that the proportions of nuclear and compound families have declined, while incomplete families headed by women, one-parent households, and nuclear households of childless couples have increased. The great majority of households still contain related persons. Consensual unions have increased and are predominant among women under age 30. 58% of families were nuclear, 30% were extended, 5.5% were compound, and 6.5% were one-person households. The proportion of households headed by women increased from 20% in 1978 to 25% in 1995. 64% of minors lived with both parents, 23% lived with the mother, and 2.4% lived with the father. 20% of children born during 1990-95 were conceived outside of a stable union. 58% of minors lived in poverty, with 35% living in extreme poverty. Households with minor children were poorer on average than households without minor children.^ieng
Assuntos
Demografia , Características da Família , Casamento , América , Colômbia , Países em Desenvolvimento , América Latina , População , Dinâmica Populacional , América do SulRESUMO
PIP: The author estimates changes in nuptiality in Mexico between 1970 and 2000, using the model developed by Ansley Coale. (SUMMARY IN ENG)^ieng
Assuntos
Casamento , Estatística como Assunto , América , Países em Desenvolvimento , América Latina , México , América do NorteRESUMO
"This study deals with the principal sociodemographic features which have characterized the development and dynamics of the Cuban family during the last decade. It also describes the way in which sociocultural changes taking place in Cuba have influenced the family. The article includes an analysis of average age at first marriage or union, types of marriage, changes in fertility rates (and how women contribute to these changes depending on their age), and the dissolution of the family unit." (SUMMARY IN ENG)
Assuntos
Fatores Etários , Cultura , Demografia , Divórcio , Características da Família , Fertilidade , Casamento , Dinâmica Populacional , Fatores Socioeconômicos , América , Região do Caribe , Cuba , Países em Desenvolvimento , Economia , América Latina , América do Norte , População , Características da PopulaçãoRESUMO
PIP: Changes in family structure throughout the world have prompted research into the role of couple formation and stability as regulators of biological and social reproduction. The demographic transition has changed the demographic context of nuptiality. Mortality decline has increased survival of spouses as well as of children, and voluntary separation of couples has eclipsed widowhood as a cause of marriage dissolution. Marriage dissolution and remarriage have added complexity to family arrangements. Census data are a good source of information on nuptiality in Mexico. Around 1950, Mexico like most Latin American countries experienced an increase in nuptiality. The trend reverted after the 1960s, simultaneously with the increase in separation and divorce. Between 1970 and 1990, the proportion of Mexican men who remained single at age 45-49 declined from 6.0% to 5.6%, while the proportion of women single at the same age increased from 6.8 to 7.2%. Age at first union was 24.5 in 1970; 24.1 in 1980, and 24.7 in 1990 for men, and 21.1 in 1970, 21.6 in 1980, and 22.2 in 1990 for women. The age difference between spouses declined from 3.4 years in 1970 to 2.5 years in 1990, at least partly due to the rapid population growth of 1950-1970, which created an imbalance in the numbers of older men available for marriage to women in the larger slightly younger cohorts. Between 1970 and 1990, the proportion of women in interrupted unions increased from 5.2% to 9.5%, while the corresponding proportion for men declined from 3.3% to 2.9%. In 1990, 86% of unions among persons over age 15 were legal marriages.^ieng
Assuntos
Casamento , América , Países em Desenvolvimento , América Latina , México , América do NorteRESUMO
PIP: With a population of 6.2 million, Haiti is one of the poorest, most densely populated countries in the Caribbean. According to a 1983 Contraceptive Prevalence Survey, fertility averages 6.2 children/woman compared with 6 children/woman in 1977. Moreover, the proportion of women in union practicing family planning declined from 14% in 1977 to 7% in 1983. Female sterilization increased slightly between 1977 and 1983, from 0.2 to 0.7% of women in union, but at the same time there were declines in the percentage of women using traditional methods such as withdrawal and rhythm as well as supply methods such as oral contraceptives and condoms. Concerns about health problems associated with use of the pill and the IUD were cited by many respondents in the 1983 survey as reasons for nonuse of modern methods. The increase in fertility has been created in part by a growing percentage of women in Haiti married or cohabitating. Of the 4321 respondents in the 1983 survey, 23% were married, 31% were cohabitating, and another 9% were in less stable unions. 10% of the formally married women and 7% of the women in noncohabitating unions used family planning compared with only 4% of cohabitating women. Women who had some secondary education were 2-3 times more likely to use contraception, while urban women had use rates twice those of rural residents. Another concern is the high infant mortality rate--107 deaths/1000 births in 1977--caused by poor sanitation and limited access to health services. 77% of Haitian mothers surveyed had given birth at home. 63% had received some prenatal care, but only 22% sought postnatal care. On the other hand, over 90% of the mothers breastfed their infants and over 80% of children over 5 years of age had been vaccinated against the major childhood diseases.^ieng
Assuntos
Proteção da Criança , Comportamento Contraceptivo , Coleta de Dados , Demografia , Fertilidade , Saúde , Mortalidade Infantil , Casamento , Mortalidade , Dinâmica Populacional , População , Comportamento Sexual , América , Região do Caribe , Anticoncepção , Países Desenvolvidos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , Haiti , América Latina , América do NorteRESUMO
PIP: Marriage patterns among the agricultural population of Sao Paulo State, Brazil, are analyzed based on interviews with a number of individuals in the region. The impact of current changes in the region's agricultural system on marriage among lower class women is noted. (summary in ENG)^ieng
Assuntos
Agricultura , Casamento , Pobreza , População Rural , América , Brasil , Demografia , Países Desenvolvidos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Economia , Emprego , Mão de Obra em Saúde , América Latina , População , Características da População , Classe Social , Planejamento Social , Fatores Socioeconômicos , América do SulRESUMO
PIP: Data from the 1960 and 1970 censuses and from surveys conducted by the Brazilian Center for Analysis and Planning between 1975 and 1977 were used to analyze changing patterns of conjugal unions in Brazil. Consensual unions have increased significantly throughout the country, at the expense of religious unions and often even of legal unions. More recent unions tend to be consensual while older unions are religious. Most of the unions surveyed (88%) were 1st unions; of these 71% were legal unions. The proportion of religious unions has declined over time, dropping from 18.4% among those cohorts united before 1960 to 7.3% among those united after 1970. The decline has been particularly marked in urban areas, where the proportion fell from 14.0% to 2.6%. Questions concerning the relative advantages of the different types of unions reveal that informants of both sexes consider civil marriages to be better because they provide economic and psychological security to families, spouses and children in addition to social legitimacy and legal protection. Financial aspects are considered particularly important for women, while the legality of the union is seen as especially advantageous for men. The absence of legal ties and material insecurity are considered to be the chief advantages of purely religious unions. At the same time, the lack of legal restraints against "switching wives" is seen as the major advantage of consensual union for men. Yet the instability of relations is seen as the main disadvantage of consensual unions. 1/2 of all informants feel that couples should separate if the marriage is not going well. Curiously, those from the more traditional sectors of the country tend to be more pro-separation. Although consensual unions are found at all socioeconomic levels, they predominate among the less affluent. In most regions, women in religious unions tend to have more children on the average, than the rest; those in consensual unions have the fewest. Between 1970 and 1976, the average age at which unions are entered tended to rise. Informants indicated that the best age for women to marry was between 20 and 24 years; for men, 25-29 years. The ages for both sexes are lower in the rural areas. Marriage is seen as a rite of passage into responsible maturity, and women are considered to mature earlier than men. As the age at marriage increases and unions are postponed, fertility can be expected to decrease.^ieng
Assuntos
Censos , Coleta de Dados , Tomada de Decisões , Casamento , Motivação , Psicologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estatística como Assunto , Fatores Etários , América , Comportamento , Brasil , Cultura , Países Desenvolvidos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Economia , Características da Família , Geografia , América Latina , Características da População , Pesquisa , Estudos de Amostragem , Fatores Sexuais , América do Sul , Fatores de Tempo , População UrbanaRESUMO
East Indian family life in rural Trinidad is usually analyzed within the framework of the retentionist model, which holds that the East Indians have successfully retained the basic institutions of their home culture. A restudy of Felicity village demonstrates that the model underestimates the impact of social and economic developments on family and marriage life in this community because it focuses mainly on ideal patterns of culture.