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The coronavirus pandemic and responses to it have had uneven impacts on different segments of societies. This study analysed the experiences of LGBTQIA+2 people during the COVID-19 emergency, based on interviews in the United Kingdom and Brazil in 2020. The two countries are instructive cases, given the different social, cultural, economic, and political contexts. Pre-existing marginalisation shaped COVID-19 experiences in both settings, influencing the challenges faced, such as isolation or disruption to transgender healthcare, and coping strategies, including the important role of LGBTQIA+ volunteer and mutual aid groups. This paper argues that despite commonalities, there is no single LGBTQIA+ experience, and that disaster strategies will be ineffective until they recognise intersectionality and support the diversity of LGBTQIA+ populations. It concludes with a call for more inclusive disaster research, policy, and practice, which requires scrutinising the dominant cisgender-heteronormative structures that produce and reproduce LGBTQIA+ marginalisation.

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Resumen (analítico) El método biográfico narrativo permitió escuchar a seis mujeres jóvenes que habitan contextos marginales. A partir de un diseño narrativo, se concretaron narrativas biográficas. En ellas se expusieron los modos como han configurado sus relaciones de pareja en torno a las prácticas y discursos de la violencia simbólica, dejando al descubierto una realidad atravesada por la violencia de un sector enclavado en el olvido institucional y el señalamiento colectivo. El análisis de la información se realizó mediante un biograma, el cual permitió encontrar que la despolitización y la idealización son los modos como han construido sus relaciones. La relevancia de este estudio se centra en dar a conocer la resistencia a los mecanismos de poder como posibilidad de transformar la construcción de amor que habitualmente se ha promovido en otras mujeres.

Abstract (analytical) The Narrative Biographical Method was applied with six young women who live in marginal contexts. Their biographical narratives were identified through a narrative design in which they shared the ways in which they have configured relationships with their partners around the practices and discourses of symbolic violence. The study exposes a reality of violence in this population that is associated with institutional abandonment and collective allegations. The analysis of the information was carried out using a Biogram, which allowed the authors to identify that depoliticization and idealization are how these women have built their relationships. The study is relevant because it raises awareness about existing power mechanisms that support the transforming of couple relationships, which is usually encouraged by other women.

Resumo (analítico) O Método Biográfico Interpretativo permitiu escutar seis mulheres jovens que habitam contextos de marginalidade. A partir de um desenho narrativo, concretizaram-se as suas narrativas biográficas; nas quais elas expuseram os modos de ter configurado os seus relacionamentos de casal em torno às práticas e discursos da violência simbólica, deixando a descoberto uma realidade atravessada pela violência doméstica de um setor aninhado no esquecimento institucional e na acusação da sociedade. A análise da informação foi realizada mediante um Biograma, o qual permitiu encontrar que a despolitização e a idealização são as maneiras como elas construíram seus relacionamentos. A relevância deste estúdio é focado em dar a conhecer a resistência aos mecanismos de poder como possibilidade de transformar a construção do amor que habitualmente é promovido em outras mulheres.

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How do unpleasant post-vaccination symptoms become recognized as vaccine 'side effects'? In this paper, we argue that it is not necessarily the logical outcome of scientific verification that it is said to be. The paper draws on an ethnographic study carried out in a small town, El Carmen de Bolivar, on Colombia's Caribbean coast from February through May 2019. In 2014, hundreds of girls in the town reported a range of mysterious symptoms following mass vaccination against the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Denying the girls' insistence that their symptoms were due to the vaccine, the official diagnosis was Mass Psychogenic Illness. Comparing these events with studies of controversial responses to other vaccines, we suggest that the pathway from post-vaccination symptoms to 'side effects' is cognitively and socially complex. In particular, it is context-dependent. Drawing on research in medical anthropology, sociology and STS, we argue that the official diagnosis was influenced by the subjects' marginal status; by a projection of the region's violent past onto individual inhabitants; by health professionals' commitment to a restricted notion of evidence (devaluing patients' own accounts); and by an institutional inability or unwillingness to stand against 'global consensus', which deems HPV safe.

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BACKGROUND: Homelessness is one of the most severe forms of social exclusion and is an important public health issue. It is characterized by processes of weakening of interpersonal bonds. The objective of this study was, therefore, to elucidate how interpersonal relationships change over the life cycle of homeless drug and alcohol users. METHOD: We used a qualitative methodology. The participants were adults who had a history of homelessness and use of alcohol and other drugs. The interviews were semi structured and used a timeline instrument. All interview were audio recorded, transcribed, and submitted to thematic analysis. RESULTS: Twenty individuals participated in the study. Reports on social exclusion over time stood out in respect of four main themes and their respective subthemes: Theme 1 - Childhood: instability upbringing, abuse, violence, and an absent or not very present father figure; Theme 2 - Adolescence: school dropout and failure; acceptance of gender and sexual orientation; birth of first child, living with a partner or getting married: Theme 3 - Adulthood: estrangement or conflicting relationship with family; health problems; drug trafficking and prostitution; Theme 4 - Cross-cutting factors: death of relatives and substance use. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that interpersonal relationships are permeated by successive breakups, conflicts and other events that start in childhood and can have a cumulative effect in later stages of life, and cross the subsequent phases. Substance abuse and dependence are mentioned as cross-cutting factors that intensify social exclusion in all stages of life.

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OBJECTIVE: To estimate malnutrition prevalence of preschool children at the level of municipality in Mexico, describe prevalence heterogeneity and its relationship with the Programa Nacional México Sin Hambre´s coverage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the 2012 Mexican National Survey of Health and Nutrition, municipal income inequality and marginality, we applied a generalized normal model to obtain municipal distributions of nutrition status indicators from which we estimated malnutrition prevalence. RESULTS: Stunting prevalence ranged from 7.8% (95%CI: 5.9-8.9) to 64.2% (49.2-72.5), low weight prevalence ranged from 0.6% (0.005- 1.7) to 22.2% (13.5-34.9) and overweight-obesity prevalencem ranged from 2.6% (0.2-3.9) to 14.4% (11.9-27.7). A total of 275 out of 554 municipalities with stunting prevalence above 25% were covered by the Programa Nacional México Sin Hambre. CONCLUSIONS: Municipal malnutrition prevalence estimation showed wide differences within Mexico; this knowledge could assist public policy.

OBJETIVO: Estimar las prevalencias municipales de mala nutrición en población preescolar en México, y describir su variabilidad y su relación con la cobertura del Programa Nacional México Sin Hambre. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: A partir de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición de 2012, la desigualdad del ingreso y marginación municipal se aplicó un modelo normal generalizado para obtener las distribuciones municipales de los indicadores de nutrición y estimar las prevalencias de mala nutrición. RESULTADOS: Las prevalencias de talla baja variaron de 7.8% (IC95%: 5.9-8.9) a 64.2% (49.2-72.5), las de bajo peso de 0.6% (0.005-1.7) a 22.2% (13.5-34.9) y de sobrepeso u obesidad de 2.6% (0.2- 3.9) a 14.4% (11.9-27.7). De los 554 municipios con prevalencias de talla baja mayor que 25%, 275 fueron cubiertos por el programa México Sin Hambre. CONCLUSIONES: La estimación de prevalencias municipales de mala nutrición evidenció grandes diferencias al interior del país, mismas que podrían asistir la política pública.

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Resumen: Objetivo: Estimar las prevalencias municipales de mala nutrición en población preescolar en México, y describir su variabilidad y su relación con la cobertura del Programa Nacional México Sin Hambre. Material y métodos: A partir de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición de 2012, la desigualdad del ingreso y marginación municipal se aplicó un modelo normal generalizado para obtener las distribuciones municipales de los indicadores de nutrición y estimar las prevalencias de mala nutrición. Resultados: Las prevalencias de talla baja variaron de 7.8% (IC95%: 5.9-8.9) a 64.2% (49.2-72.5), las de bajo peso de 0.6% (0.005-1.7) a 22.2% (13.5-34.9) y de sobrepeso u obesidad de 2.6% (0.2-3.9) a 14.4% (11.9-27.7). De los 554 municipios con prevalencias de talla baja mayor que 25%, 275 fueron cubiertos por el programa México Sin Hambre. Conclusiones: La estimación de prevalencias municipales de mala nutrición evidenció grandes diferencias al interior del país, mismas que podrían asistir la política pública.

Abstract: Objective: To estimate malnutrition prevalence of preschool children at the level of municipality in Mexico, describe prevalence heterogeneity and its relationship with the Programa Nacional México Sin Hambre´s coverage. Materials and methods: Using the 2012 Mexican National Survey of Health and Nutrition, municipal income inequality and marginality, we applied a generalized normal model to obtain municipal distributions of nutrition status indicators from which we estimated malnutrition prevalence. Results: Stunting prevalence ranged from 7.8% (95%CI: 5.9-8.9) to 64.2% (49.2-72.5), low weight prevalence ranged from 0.6% (0.005-1.7) to 22.2% (13.5-34.9) and overweight-obesity prevalence ranged from 2.6% (0.2-3.9) to 14.4% (11.9-27.7). A total of 275 out of 554 municipalities with stunting prevalence above 25% were covered by the Programa Nacional México Sin Hambre. Conclusions: Municipal malnutrition prevalence estimation showed wide differences within Mexico; this knowledge could assist public policy.

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The role of understory plants in native forests is critical for ecosystem function, wildlife protection and ecosystem productivity. The interest to estimate biodiversity increased during the last decades at landscape level. The objective was to elaborate a map of potential biodiversity (MPB) of understory species of Nothofagus forest using potential habitat suitability maps (PHS) of 15 plants in Santa Cruz province, Argentina. Additionally, we asked the following questions: (i) Were plant species differentially distributed according to the forest types?, (ii) do forest types represent different plant species assemblage with specific ecological niche requirements?, and (iii) is it possible to detect hotspots in the MBP according to the forest types? We used 721 plots database of vascular plants, from where 15 indicator species were identified. The assemblage species for different forests (Nothofagus antarctica, N. pumilio and evergreen mixed) were analysed using a detrended correspondence analysis. Also, we explored 41 potential explanatory variables to develop PHS, and combined these maps to obtain one MPB (1-100%). Finally, we analysed the outputs into a GIS through different landscapes alternatives to detect hotspot areas. Marginality and specialization values allowed identifying species assemblage that presented similar variability in the habitat requirements. MPB varied across the landscape, with higher values in the south and lower values near glaciers. MPB had the highest values in N. antarctica forest with >50% cover at landscape level. N. antarctica present more hotspots than N. pumilio forests, mainly in the south, compared to mixed evergreen forests which present few hotspots near glaciers. These results can be used as a tool to design new management and conservation strategies at landscape level.

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To achieve Millennium Development Goal 5 on maternal health, many countries have focused on marginalized women who lack access to care. Promoting facility-based deliveries to ensure skilled birth attendance and emergency obstetric care has become a main measure for preventing maternal deaths, so women who opt for home births are often considered 'marginal' and in need of targeted intervention. Drawing upon ethnographic data from Nicaragua, this paper critically examines the concept of marginality in the context of official efforts to increase institutional delivery amongst the rural poor, and discusses lack of access to health services among women living in peripheral areas as a process of marginalization. The promotion of facility birth as the new norm, in turn, generates a process of 're-marginalization', whereby public health officials morally disapprove of women who give birth at home, viewing them as non-compliers and a problem to the system. In rural Nicaragua, there is a discrepancy between the public health norm and women's own preferences and desires for home birth. These women live at the margins also in spatial and societal terms, and must relate to a health system they find incapable of providing good, appropriate care. Strong public pressure for institutional delivery makes them feel distressed and pressured. Paradoxically then, the aim of including marginal groups in maternal health programmes engenders resistance to facility birth.

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Resumen La exposición prolongada al arsénico (As), a través de los alimentos y el agua de consumo, incrementa el riesgo de padecer cáncer, diabetes e hipertensión arterial, entre otras enfermedades. Las familias marginadas, que reemplazan el agua potable comercial por agua de pozo o de la llave, en zonas contaminadas con As, presentan mayores riesgos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar los principales factores de riesgo toxicológico por exposición a la contaminación con arsénico presente en agua, en población que habita en zonas donde se han detectado altos niveles de este metaloide, del estado de Guanajuato. Se realizó un estudio analítico y transversal. Se aplicó una encuesta a 30 jefas de familia encargadas de la alimentación. La seguridad alimentaría se midió con la aplicación de la escala Latinoamericana y Caribeña. El 93 % de las familias tenía acceso a agua de la llave no potable. En relación a la preparación de alimentos, el 26.7 % de las familias utilizaba agua de la llave, el 13.3 % agua de pozo y el 43.3 % agua de pipa. El 70 % de las familias estudiadas presentaron algún nivel de inseguridad alimentaria. Otro factor de riesgo a considerar fue el nivel de escolaridad de la jefa de familia. La identificación de los principales factores de riesgo, incluyendo ausencia de seguridad alimentaria, permitirá diseñar una escala de validación, con la cual se obtendrá un tamizaje oportuno para prevenir posibles intoxicaciones por arsénico en comunidades en donde el agua del subsuelo está contaminada.

Abstract Prolonged exposure to arsenic (As), through food and drinking water, increases the risk of cancer, diabetes and high blood pressure, among others diseases. Marginalized families, who replace commercial drinking water with well water or tap water, in areas contamina ted with As, present greater risks. The objective of this work was to identify the main toxicological risk factors due to exposure to arsenic contamination of water. An analytical and transversal study was carried out in two populations from the state of Guanajuato that live in an area where high levels of this metalloid have been detected. A survey was administered to 30 heads of households responsible for feeding their families. Food security was measured with the application of the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA). Findings indicate that 93 % of the families had access to non-potable tap water. In relation to food preparation, 26.7 % of the families used tap water, 13.3 % well water, and 43.3 % water delivered by tanker trucks. 70 % of the surveyed families showed some level of food insecurity. Another risk factor to consider was the educational level of household heads. The identification of the main risk factors, including the absence of food safety, will allow the design of a validation scale, with which timely screening will be obtained to prevent possible arsenic poisoning in communities where subsoil water is contaminated.

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El objetivo general de nuestra investigación es analizar las continuidades y heterogeneidades presentes en los procesos de individuación de jóvenes que viven en barrios marginalizados del área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Para la construcción de los datos empíricos utilizamos como estrategia metodológica los relatos biográficos. A partir de nuestro análisis identificamos tres nodos biográficos que ocupan un lugar central en las vidas de estas y estos jóvenes: vínculos afectivos; barrio; instituciones públicas. Sin embargo, sus efectos y relaciones con las vidas de jóvenes no son directos ni lineales sino que, a partir de complejas y dinámicas articulaciones entre sus trayectorias personales, sus relaciones intersubjetivas y sus condiciones estructurales -socio-económicas, territoriales e institucionales-, pueden constituirse en obstáculos o potencialidades para el despliegue de sus procesos de individuación.

The main objective of this study was to analyze the continuities and heterogeneities in individuation processes of young people from marginalized neighborhoods located in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The authors used biographical narratives as a methodological strategy for the construction of empirical evidence. Three biographical nodes were identified that have a central place in young people's lives: affective relationships; neighborhood; public institutions. However, the effects and links of these biographical nodes with young people's lives are neither direct nor linear. Complex and dynamic links between personal trajectories, intersubjective relationships and their structural conditions - socio-economic, territorial and institutional - can become either obstacles or potentialities for the development of individuation processes.

O objetivo geral da nossa pesquisa é analisar as continuidades e heterogeneidades presentes nos processos de individuação de jovens que moram em bairros marginalizados da área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Para a construção dos dados empíricos utilizamos como estratégia metodológica os relatos biográficos. A partir da nossa análise, identificamos três redes biográficos que ocupam um lugar central nas vidas destes jovens: laços afetivos; bairro; instituições públicas. No entanto, os seus efeitos e relações com as biografias juvenis não são unívocos nem lineares, mas, a partir de ligações complexas e dinâmicas entre suas trajetórias individuais, relações intersubjetivas e condições estruturais -socioeconômicas, territoriais e institucionais-, podem tornar-se obstáculos ou potencialidades para o desenvolvimento de seus processos de individuação.

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The leishmaniasis are a group of globally widespread parasitic diseases caused by a protozoa of the genus Leishmania, the state of Paraná accounts for 98% of leishmaniasis human cases in southern Brazil and the dogs might serve as a sentinel of the risk of infection to humans in a given area. The aim of this work was to study the epidemiology of leishmaniasis in dogs residents in two different environments, they are: recycling of solid waste centers (Group 1) and a neighborhood adjacent to a forest (Group 2), both in Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil and to determine epidemiological variables associated to infection in these different realities. Serum samples, randomly collected, from 61 dogs from Group 1 and from 74 dogs from Group 2 were submitted to Indirect Immunofluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT) to research for anti-Leishmania IgG antibodies. Of the 135 dogs analyzed, 13 animals (9.6%) were positive; nine (14.7%) in Group 1 and four (5.4%) in Group 2, the difference between the groups is not statistically significant. These results suggest the presence of the protozoan Leishmania spp. in both environments studied which indicate potential for infection in the human population.(AU)

As leishmanioses são um grupo de doenças parasitárias disseminadas por todo o mundo, causadas por protozoários do gênero Leishmania, o estado do Paraná é responsável por 98% dos casos de leishmaniose em humanos do Sul do Brasil e os cães podem servir como sentinelas para o risco de infecção em humanos em uma dada área. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar a epidemiologia da leishmaniose em cães residentes em dois diferentes ambientes, são eles: centros de reciclagem de resíduos sólidos (Grupo 1) e um bairro adjacente a uma floresta (Grupo 2) em Londrina/PR, Brasil e determiner variáveis epidemiológicas asociadas à infecção nessas diferentes realidades. Amostras de soro, randomicamente coletadas, de 61 cães do Grupo 1 e de 74 cães do Grupo 2 foram submetidos à Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) para pesquisa de anticorpos IgG anti-Leishmania. Dos 135 cães analisados, 13 (9,6%) foram positivos; 9 (14,7%) no Grupo 1 e 4 (5,4%) no Grupo 2, a diferença entre os grupos não foi estatisticamente significante. Esses resultados sugerem a presença do protozoário Leishmania spp. nos dois ambientes estudados o que indica potencial de infecção na população humana.(AU)

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The leishmaniasis are a group of globally widespread parasitic diseases caused by a protozoa of the genus Leishmania, the state of Paraná accounts for 98% of leishmaniasis human cases in southern Brazil and the dogs might serve as a sentinel of the risk of infection to humans in a given area. The aim of this work was to study the epidemiology of leishmaniasis in dogs residents in two different environments, they are: recycling of solid waste centers (Group 1) and a neighborhood adjacent to a forest (Group 2), both in Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil and to determine epidemiological variables associated to infection in these different realities. Serum samples, randomly collected, from 61 dogs from Group 1 and from 74 dogs from Group 2 were submitted to Indirect Immunofluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT) to research for anti-Leishmania IgG antibodies. Of the 135 dogs analyzed, 13 animals (9.6%) were positive; nine (14.7%) in Group 1 and four (5.4%) in Group 2, the difference between the groups is not statistically significant. These results suggest the presence of the protozoan Leishmania spp. in both environments studied which indicate potential for infection in the human population.

As leishmanioses são um grupo de doenças parasitárias disseminadas por todo o mundo, causadas por protozoários do gênero Leishmania, o estado do Paraná é responsável por 98% dos casos de leishmaniose em humanos do Sul do Brasil e os cães podem servir como sentinelas para o risco de infecção em humanos em uma dada área. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar a epidemiologia da leishmaniose em cães residentes em dois diferentes ambientes, são eles: centros de reciclagem de resíduos sólidos (Grupo 1) e um bairro adjacente a uma floresta (Grupo 2) em Londrina/PR, Brasil e determiner variáveis epidemiológicas asociadas à infecção nessas diferentes realidades. Amostras de soro, randomicamente coletadas, de 61 cães do Grupo 1 e de 74 cães do Grupo 2 foram submetidos à Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) para pesquisa de anticorpos IgG anti-Leishmania. Dos 135 cães analisados, 13 (9,6%) foram positivos; 9 (14,7%) no Grupo 1 e 4 (5,4%) no Grupo 2, a diferença entre os grupos não foi estatisticamente significante. Esses resultados sugerem a presença do protozoário Leishmania spp. nos dois ambientes estudados o que indica potencial de infecção na população humana.

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Este artículo se fundamenta en los postulados de la teoría del círculo vicioso de la pobreza, analizando la situación de marginalidad social, desigualdad y vulnerabilidad que aqueja a un porcentaje de la población mundial. Metodológicamente el estudio se aborda desde una perspectiva deductiva y holística de la realidad, se analiza el fenómeno de la pobreza en sus diferentes dimensiones sistémicas en un contexto histórico definido por la aplicación cíclica de modelos y paradigmas económicos. El objetivo es demostrar cómo la pobreza se ha convertido en un tema mítico donde las doctrinas económicas y sociales no la han podido definir ni medir eficazmente. La pobreza, cabalgando entre modernidad ilustrada y la postmodernidad emancipadora, constituye la frustración de ideologías, teorías y principios que tuvieron la pretensión de ser depositarios éticos de la verdad en sus axiomas, al tiempo que perpetuaba la marginalidad social.

The article is based on the postulates of the theory of the vicious circle of poverty, analyzing the situation of social marginalization, inequality and vulnerability that is a significant percentage of the world population. Methodologically the study is approached from a deductive and holistic view of reality; the phenomenon of poverty in its various systemic dimensions is analyzed in a historical context defined by the cyclic application of economic models and paradigms. The aim is to show how poverty has become a mythical theme where economic and social doctrines have not been able to define and measure effectively. Poverty, riding between illustrated modernity and emancipator postmodernism, constitutes the frustration of ideologies, theories and principles that had the ambition to be ethical custodians of the truth in its axioms and at the same time perpetuating social marginality.

Este artigo baseia-se nos postulados da teoria do círculo vicioso da pobreza, analisando a situação de marginalidade social, a desigualdade e a vulnerabilidade que atinge uma porcentagem da população mundial. Metodologicamente o estudo é abordado a partir de uma visão dedutiva e holística da realidade, se fez o analise do fenómeno da pobreza nas suas diferentes dimensões sistêmicas num contexto histórico definido pela aplicação cíclica de modelos e paradigmas econômicos. O objetivo é demonstrar como a pobreza tornou-se um tema mítico onde as doutrinas econômicas e sociais não têm sido definidas nem se medir de forma eficaz. A pobreza, indo entre a modernidade ilustrada e a pós-modernidade emancipatória, constitui a frustração de ideologias, teorias e princípios que tiveram a pretensão de serem depositários éticos da verdade nos seus axiomas, ao tempo que perpetuara a marginalidade social.

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Objetivo: Describir las condiciones de extrema pobreza en la que viven los niños en Villa Clarín, basándonos en su entorno educativo, ambiental, socioeconómico y de salud. Materiales y métodos: Son de carácter cualitativo, con investigación acción participativa y etnografía. La población objeto estuvo conformado por 80 niños menores de edad de la Institución Educativa Departamental Villa Clarín y 20 habitantes adultos. Se utilizó la técnica de observación y encuesta semiestructurada, previamente revisada por expertos, cuyos ejes eran: experiencias vivenciales en el hogar y la escuela, situación percibida por la comunidad en su diario vivir, condiciones de salud relatadas. Tuvimos el apoyo de los líderes comunitarios. Resultados: La pobreza que rodea a estos niños es similar a la de países africanos: completa marginalidad, con deseos profundos de superación sin instituciones que los protejan, fortalezas en medio de la dificultad. Desde la perspectiva de los padres y docentes de la escuela, se resalta la falta de recursos y la poca ayuda gubernamental, que no les permite darles una buena formación personal y profesional a sus hijos. Igualmente se resalta el ambiente infrahumano del diario vivir de los niños(as), las riesgosas condiciones de habitalidad del lugar y los factores ambientales. Conclusiones: Las condiciones más destacadas en lo cotidiano son: deprivación psicoafectiva, mala comunicación, educación de baja calidad, infraestructura inadecuada, carencia de vías de acceso, inhabitabilidad, inconformismo de la población, ambición de cambio de vida...

Objective: To describe the conditions of extreme poverty in which the children live in Villa Clarín, basing on your educational, environmental, socio-economic environment and of health. Materials and methods: this research are of qualitative character with research participative action and ethnography. The population object belong 80 children minors of the Institución Educativa Departamental Villa Clarín and 20 adult inhabitants. There was in use the technology of observation and semi-constructed survey before checked by experts, whose axles were: existential experiences in the home and the school, situation perceived by the community in your diary to live, conditions of health reported, we had the support of the community leaders. Results: The poverty about these children is similar to that of African countries: complete marginality; with deep desires of overcoming without institutions that protect them, strengths in the middle of the difficulty. From the perspective of the parents and teachers of the school, the lack of resources is highlighted and small governmental help that does not allow them him to give a good personal and professional formation to your children. Equally the subhuman environment of the diary is highlighted to live of the children, the precarious and risky conditions of local unhabitability and the environmental factors. Conclusions: The conditions most emphasized in the daily thing are: psychological deprivation, bad communication, education of low quality, inadequate infrastructure, lack of exit ramps, unhabitability, inconformity of the population, ambition of change of life...

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Introducción: Estudio descriptivo de un grupo de 106 familias de Bogotá (Colombia) a partir de un abordaje terapéutico. Todas las familias tienen la característica de estar en un proceso de inclusión social determinado por los servicios sociales del gobierno local; todos los padres son farmacodependientes. Objetivo: Conocer la idiosincrasia de la cultura de estas familias marginales para abordar y plantear soluciones a sus problemas desde una perspectiva coherente, respetuosa de los valores y las creencias. Método: Estudio cualitativo de tipo descriptivo, centrado en el genograma de cada grupo familiar. Resultados y conclusiones: La muestra de familias con marginalidad social presenta características en interacciones, patrones, estructuras, roles y jerarquías que mantienen el equilibrio y se organizan socialmente por medio de historias compartidas con valor semejante a los mitos. La marginalidad se construye socialmente; los planteamientos institucionales sobre la marginalidad necesitan una nueva conceptualización y un replanteamiento de la labor de los profesionales de la salud mental en este medio.

Introduction: This is a descriptive study of a group of 106 families from Bogotá (Colombia). All the families are undergoing a social inclusion process, determined by the social services of the local government. Objective: To gain knowledge of the social characteristics of these marginalized families in order to come up with solutions to these problems from a coherent point of view, respectful of their values and beliefs. Method: Qualitative study of a descriptive type focused on the genogram of each family group. Results and conclusions: The sample of families with social marginalization exhibit certain features in interactions, patterns, structures, roles and hierarchies that maintain the balance; they are socially organized through shared stories with a value similar to myths. Marginalization is socially constructed. Institutional actions on marginalization are in need of a new approach and conceptualization.