RESUMO
Nutritional intervention in older dogs aims to increase lifespan and improve life quality as well as delay the development of diseases related to ageing. It is believed that active fractions of mannoproteins (AFMs) obtained through extraction and fractionation of yeast cell walls (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) may beneficially modulate the immune system. However, studies that have evaluated this component and the effects of ageing on the immune system of dogs are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the immunological effects of AFMs in adult and elderly dogs. Three extruded iso-nutrient experimental diets were formulated: without addition of AFM (T0); with AFM at 400â¯mg/kg (T400); and with AFM at 800â¯mg/kg (T800). Thirty-six beagle dogs were used, and six experimental treatments, resulting in combinations of age (adult and elderly) and diet (T0, T400, and T800), were evaluated. On days zero, 14, and 28, blood samples were obtained for leucocyte phenotyping and phagocytosis assays. On days zero and 28, a lymphoproliferation test, quantification of reactive oxygen (H2O2) and nitrogen (NO) intermediate production, evaluation of faecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) content, and a delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity test (DCHT) were performed. Statistical analyses were performed with SAS software. Repeated measure variance analyses were performed, and means were compared by the Tukey test. Values of Pâ¯≤â¯0.05 were considered significant, and values of Pâ¯≤â¯0.10 were considered tendencies. Dogs fed T400 tended to have higher neutrophilic phagocytic activity than dogs fed T800 (Pâ¯=â¯0.073). Regarding reactive oxygen intermediates, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated neutrophils from animals that were fed T400â¯had a tendency to produce more H2O2 than those from animals fed the control diet (Pâ¯=â¯0.093). Elderly dogs, when compared to adult dogs, had lower absolute T and B lymphocyte counts, lower auxiliary T lymphocyte counts, and higher cytotoxic T lymphocyte counts (Pâ¯<â¯0.05). A significant effect of diet, age, and time with saline inoculation was noted for the DCHT. There was no effect of diet or age on faecal IgA content in dogs. This study suggests beneficial effects of mannoproteins on the specific and nonspecific immune responses in adult and elderly dogs.
RESUMO
This study evaluated the effects of increasing concentrations of spray-dried yeast cell wall (YCW) in diets for healthy adult cats on apparent nutrient digestibility and on bacterial composition and fermentation products in the stool. Fourteen cats with an average weight of 4.40 ± 1.05 kg and an average age of 6.2 ± 0.54 years were used and assigned to treatments in an unbalanced randomized block design (by experimental period) with two blocks and three or four cats per diet in each block. Treatments included: control (0% YCW), 0.2% YCW, 0.4% YCW and 0.6% YCW, totalling seven animals per experimental diet. We found that YCW did not affect body weight, nutrient and food intake, faecal production, faecal score, faecal pH or urine output (p > .05). Regarding faecal bacteria, we observed a linear reduction in Clostridium perfringens, a quadratic reduction in Escherichia coli, and linear increases in Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. (p < .05) with the inclusion of YCW. Regarding the faecal short-chain fatty acid profile, butyrate, valerate, total biogenic amines, putrescine, cadaverine and histamine increased linearly (p < .05) with the inclusion of YCW. It was concluded that in healthy adult cats, consumption of YCW modulates the faecal bacterial populations, with an increased presence of beneficial bacteria and a reduction in some potentially pathogenic bacteria. It was concluded that YCW modulated the levels of fermentation products. There was an increase in fermentation products coming from carbohydrate metabolism, an important effect that can potentially benefit the intestinal health of cats. The consumption of YCW also increased the fermentation of nitrogen compounds, which have not yet been defined as deleterious or beneficial. The fermentability of carbohydrates and nitrogen compounds may be associated. Therefore, YCW may cause rapid fermentation of both classes of compounds by enhancing the fermentability of one class.
Assuntos
Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal/fisiologia , Gatos/metabolismo , Fezes/microbiologia , Fermentação , Ração Animal , Animais , Parede Celular/metabolismo , Dieta , Leveduras/químicaRESUMO
AIMS: This study used high-throughput sequencing to evaluate the intestinal microbiome dynamics in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed commercial diets supplemented with either pre- or probiotics (0·6% mannan-oligosaccharides and 0·5% Saccharomyces cerevisiae respectively) or the mixture of both. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 57 fish whole intestinal mucosa and contents bacterial communities were characterized by high-throughput sequencing and analysis of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, as well as the relationship between plasma biochemical health indicators and microbiome diversity. This was performed at 7, 14 and 30 days after start feeding functional diets, and microbiome diversity increased when fish fed functional diets after 7 days and it was positively correlated with plasma cholesterol levels. Dominant phyla were, in descending order, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria. However, functional diets reduced the abundance of Gammaproteobacteria to favour abundances of organisms from Firmicutes and Fusobacteria, two phyla with members that confer beneficial effects. A dynamic shift of the microbiome composition was observed with changes after 7 days of feeding and the modulation by functional diets tend to cluster the corresponding groups apart from CTRL group. The core microbiome showed an overall stability with functional diets, except genus such as Escherichia-Shigella that suffered severe reductions on their abundances when feeding any of the functional diets. CONCLUSIONS: Functional diets based on pre- or probiotics dynamically modulate intestinal microbiota of juvenile trout engaging taxonomical abundance shifts that might impact fish physiological performance. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study shows for the first time the microbiome modulation dynamics by functional diets based on mannan-oligosaccharides and S. cerevisiae and their synergy using culture independent high-throughput sequencing technology, revealing the complexity behind the dietary modulation with functional feeds in aquatic organisms.
Assuntos
Ração Animal/microbiologia , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Oligossacarídeos/administração & dosagem , Oncorhynchus mykiss/microbiologia , Prebióticos/administração & dosagem , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/fisiologia , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Aquicultura , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/genética , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiologia , Mananas/metabolismo , Oncorhynchus mykiss/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Probióticos/metabolismo , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the use of feed containing prebiotic or antibiotic, in the pre and post accommodation on the performance of broilers. We used 720 day-old chicks, males, Cobb-500 strain, distributed in randomized blocks with four treatments with six replicates of 30 birds each. The treatments consisted of: Antibiotic - birds fed diet with added antibiotics in pre- and post-housing; Prebiotic - birds fed feed with added prebiotic in pre and post accommodation; No aditivo- birds fed without feed additive in pre- and post-housing; Fasting - birds fasted in the pre-stage housing and feed intake with antibiotics in the post-stage housing. The provision of pre-feed accommodation within the transport boxes started in the incubator, and the pre-accommodation time of 24 hours. For productive performance analysis of bird, have assessed the variables of: average weight, feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion, production factor and production viability. The use of pre-accommodation prebiotic or antibiotic property diet resulted in significant improvements (p 0.05) in body weight and weight gain of chicks in step 1 to 7 days. This happened regardless of the use of additives in feed provided the pre-housing and pre-initial phase. The final performance of broilers was not affected (P> 0.05) for the use of additives in the pre and post accommodation.(AU)
Objetivou-se avaliar o uso de rações, contendo prebiótico ou antibiótico, nas fases pré e pósalojamento sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 720 pintos de um dia, machos, da linhagem Cobb-500, distribuídos em blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos, com seis repetições de 30 aves cada. Os tratamentos consistiram em: Antibiótico - aves que consumiram ração com adição de antibiótico nas fases pré e pós-alojamento; Prebiótico - aves que consumiram ração com adição de prebiótico nas fases pré e pósalojamento; Sem aditivo- aves que consumiram ração sem aditivo nas fases pré e pósalojamento; Jejum - aves que permaneceram em jejum na fase pré-alojamento e consumo de ração com antibiótico nas fases pós-alojamento. O fornecimento de ração pré-alojamento, dentro das caixas de transporte se iniciou no incubatório, sendo o tempo pré-alojamento de 24 horas. Para avalição do desempenho produtivo das aves, aferiram-se as variáveis de: peso médio, consumo de ração, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar, fator de produção e viabilidade criatória. A utilização de ração pré- alojamento com prebiótico ou antibiótico promoveu melhorias significativas (P 0,05) no peso vivo e no ganho de peso dos pintos na fase de 1 a 7 dias. Tal fato ocorreu, independente do uso de aditivos nas rações fornecidas no pré- alojamento e na fase pré-inicial.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Prebióticos/administração & dosagem , Prebióticos , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/análise , Ração Animal/análise , Aves DomésticasRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the use of feed containing prebiotic or antibiotic, in the pre and post accommodation on the performance of broilers. We used 720 day-old chicks, males, Cobb-500 strain, distributed in randomized blocks with four treatments with six replicates of 30 birds each. The treatments consisted of: Antibiotic - birds fed diet with added antibiotics in pre- and post-housing; Prebiotic - birds fed feed with added prebiotic in pre and post accommodation; No aditivo- birds fed without feed additive in pre- and post-housing; Fasting - birds fasted in the pre-stage housing and feed intake with antibiotics in the post-stage housing. The provision of pre-feed accommodation within the transport boxes started in the incubator, and the pre-accommodation time of 24 hours. For productive performance analysis of bird, have assessed the variables of: average weight, feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion, production factor and production viability. The use of pre-accommodation prebiotic or antibiotic property diet resulted in significant improvements (p 0.05) in body weight and weight gain of chicks in step 1 to 7 days. This happened regardless of the use of additives in feed provided the pre-housing and pre-initial phase. The final performance of broilers was not affected (P> 0.05) for the use of additives in the pre and post accommodation.
Objetivou-se avaliar o uso de rações, contendo prebiótico ou antibiótico, nas fases pré e pósalojamento sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 720 pintos de um dia, machos, da linhagem Cobb-500, distribuídos em blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos, com seis repetições de 30 aves cada. Os tratamentos consistiram em: Antibiótico - aves que consumiram ração com adição de antibiótico nas fases pré e pós-alojamento; Prebiótico - aves que consumiram ração com adição de prebiótico nas fases pré e pósalojamento; Sem aditivo- aves que consumiram ração sem aditivo nas fases pré e pósalojamento; Jejum - aves que permaneceram em jejum na fase pré-alojamento e consumo de ração com antibiótico nas fases pós-alojamento. O fornecimento de ração pré-alojamento, dentro das caixas de transporte se iniciou no incubatório, sendo o tempo pré-alojamento de 24 horas. Para avalição do desempenho produtivo das aves, aferiram-se as variáveis de: peso médio, consumo de ração, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar, fator de produção e viabilidade criatória. A utilização de ração pré- alojamento com prebiótico ou antibiótico promoveu melhorias significativas (P 0,05) no peso vivo e no ganho de peso dos pintos na fase de 1 a 7 dias. Tal fato ocorreu, independente do uso de aditivos nas rações fornecidas no pré- alojamento e na fase pré-inicial.
Assuntos
Animais , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/análise , Prebióticos , Prebióticos/administração & dosagem , Ração Animal/análise , Aves DomésticasRESUMO
SUMMARY This study aimed to evaluate the use of feed containing prebiotic or antibiotic, in the pre and post accommodation on the performance of broilers. We used 720 day-old chicks, males, Cobb-500 strain, distributed in randomized blocks with four treatments with six replicates of 30 birds each. The treatments consisted of: Antibiotic - birds fed diet with added antibiotics in pre- and post-housing; Prebiotic - birds fed feed with added prebiotic in pre and post accommodation; No aditivo- birds fed without feed additive in pre- and post-housing; Fasting - birds fasted in the pre-stage housing and feed intake with antibiotics in the post-stage housing. The provision of pre-feed accommodation within the transport boxes started in the incubator, and the pre-accommodation time of 24 hours. For productive performance analysis of bird, have assessed the variables of: average weight, feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion, production factor and production viability. The use of pre-accommodation prebiotic or antibiotic property diet resulted in significant improvements (p 0.05) in body weight and weight gain of chicks in step 1 to 7 days. This happened regardless of the use of additives in feed provided the pre-housing and pre-initial phase. The final performance of broilers was not affected (P> 0.05) for the use of additives in the pre and post accommodation. Thus, it is concluded that the supply of prehousing portion is not required for broilers tested in fasting period.
RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar o uso de rações, contendo prebiótico ou antibiótico, nas fases pré e pós-alojamento sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 720 pintos de um dia, machos, da linhagem Cobb-3500, distribuídos em blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos, com seis repetições de 30 aves cada. Os tratamentos consistiram em: Antibiótico - aves que consumiram ração com adição de antibiótico nas fases pré e pós-alojamento; Prebiótico - aves que consumiram ração com adição de prebiótico nas fases pré e pós-alojamento; Sem aditivo- aves que consumiram ração sem aditivo nas fases pré e pós-alojamento; Jejum - aves que permaneceram em jejum na fase pré-alojamento e consumo de ração com antibiótico nas fases pós-alojamento. O fornecimento de ração pré-alojamento, dentro das caixas de transporte se iniciou no incubatório, sendo o tempo pré-alojamento de 24 horas. Para avalição do desempenho produtivo das aves, aferiram-se as variáveis de: peso médio, consumo de ração, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar, fator de produção e viabilidade criatória. A utilização de ração préalojamento com prebiótico ou antibiótico promoveu melhorias significativas (P 0,05) no peso vivo e no ganho de peso dos pintos na fase de 1 a 7 dias. Tal fato ocorreu, independente do uso de aditivos nas rações fornecidas no préalojamento e na fase pré-inicial. O desempenho final dos frangos de corte não foi influenciado (P>0,05) pela utilização de aditivo nas fases de pré e pós-alojamento. Assim, conclui-se que o fornecimento de ração pré-alojamento não é necessária para frangos de corte, no período de jejum testado.
RESUMO
SUMMARY This study aimed to evaluate the use of feed containing prebiotic or antibiotic, in the pre and post accommodation on the performance of broilers. We used 720 day-old chicks, males, Cobb-500 strain, distributed in randomized blocks with four treatments with six replicates of 30 birds each. The treatments consisted of: Antibiotic - birds fed diet with added antibiotics in pre- and post-housing; Prebiotic - birds fed feed with added prebiotic in pre and post accommodation; No aditivo- birds fed without feed additive in pre- and post-housing; Fasting - birds fasted in the pre-stage housing and feed intake with antibiotics in the post-stage housing. The provision of pre-feed accommodation within the transport boxes started in the incubator, and the pre-accommodation time of 24 hours. For productive performance analysis of bird, have assessed the variables of: average weight, feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion, production factor and production viability. The use of pre-accommodation prebiotic or antibiotic property diet resulted in significant improvements (p 0.05) in body weight and weight gain of chicks in step 1 to 7 days. This happened regardless of the use of additives in feed provided the pre-housing and pre-initial phase. The final performance of broilers was not affected (P> 0.05) for the use of additives in the pre and post accommodation. Thus, it is concluded that the supply of prehousing portion is not required for broilers tested in fasting period.
RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar o uso de rações, contendo prebiótico ou antibiótico, nas fases pré e pós-alojamento sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 720 pintos de um dia, machos, da linhagem Cobb-3500, distribuídos em blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos, com seis repetições de 30 aves cada. Os tratamentos consistiram em: Antibiótico - aves que consumiram ração com adição de antibiótico nas fases pré e pós-alojamento; Prebiótico - aves que consumiram ração com adição de prebiótico nas fases pré e pós-alojamento; Sem aditivo- aves que consumiram ração sem aditivo nas fases pré e pós-alojamento; Jejum - aves que permaneceram em jejum na fase pré-alojamento e consumo de ração com antibiótico nas fases pós-alojamento. O fornecimento de ração pré-alojamento, dentro das caixas de transporte se iniciou no incubatório, sendo o tempo pré-alojamento de 24 horas. Para avalição do desempenho produtivo das aves, aferiram-se as variáveis de: peso médio, consumo de ração, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar, fator de produção e viabilidade criatória. A utilização de ração préalojamento com prebiótico ou antibiótico promoveu melhorias significativas (P 0,05) no peso vivo e no ganho de peso dos pintos na fase de 1 a 7 dias. Tal fato ocorreu, independente do uso de aditivos nas rações fornecidas no préalojamento e na fase pré-inicial. O desempenho final dos frangos de corte não foi influenciado (P>0,05) pela utilização de aditivo nas fases de pré e pós-alojamento. Assim, conclui-se que o fornecimento de ração pré-alojamento não é necessária para frangos de corte, no período de jejum testado.
RESUMO
The therapeutic action of phosphorylated mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) was investigated regarding its prebiotic activity on enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). Diarrhea was induced in dogs by experimental infection with EPEC strains. Then MOS was supplied once a day, in water for 20 days. Immunological (IgA and IgG), hematological (lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes) and bacteriological variables (PCR detection of the eae gene of EPEC recovered from stool culture), as well as occurrence of diarrhea were evaluated. All strains caused diarrhea at 24, 48 and 72 h after infection. PCR results indicated that E. coli isolated from stool culture of all infected animals had the eae gene. There was no significant difference among groups as to number of blood cells in the hemogram and IgA and IgG production. MOS was effective in recovering of EPEC-infected dogs since prebiotic-treated animals recovered more rapidly from infection than untreated ones (p < 0.05). This is an important finding since diarrhea causes intense dehydration and nutrient loss. The use of prebiotics for humans and other animals with diarrhea can be an alternative for the treatment and prophylaxis of EPEC infections.
Assuntos
Sangue/imunologia , Diarreia/microbiologia , Escherichia coli Enteropatogênica/imunologia , Fezes , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/metabolismo , Oligossacarídeos/metabolismo , Prebióticos , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Fenômenos Químicos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Cães , Escherichia coli , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/administração & dosagem , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/química , Imunoglobulina A/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Leucócitos/imunologia , Oligossacarídeos/administração & dosagem , Oligossacarídeos/químicaRESUMO
Type-1 fimbriae are associated with most Salmonella enterica serovars and are an essential factor for host colonization. Mannanoligosaccharides (MOS), a prebiotic that is agglutinated by type-1 fimbriae, are proposed for the control of enterobacteria colonization and may be an alternative to Salmonella control in pigs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capability of porcine Salmonella strains to adhere to MOS in vitro. A total of 108 strains of Salmonella sp. isolated from carrier pigs were evaluated for the amplification of fimA and fimH genes, agglutination of MOS and hemagglutination. In all tested strains, amplicons of expected size were detected for both fimA and fimH gene. In the hemagglutination assays, 31 (28.7 percent) strains presented mannose-sensitive agglutination of erythrocytes, indicating that the strains were expressing type-1 fimbriae. Considering only strains expressing the type-1 fimbriae, 23 (74.2 percent) presented a strong agglutination of MOS, 3 (9.6 percent) a weak reaction and 5 (16.2 percent) none. The results indicate that Salmonella enterica strains expressing type-1 fimbriae can agglutinate effectively in vitro to MOS.
Fímbrias tipo 1 estão presentes na maioria dos sorovares de Salmonella enterica e são fatores essenciais para a colonização do hospedeiro. Mananoligossacarídeo (MOS), um prebiótico que aglutina com fímbria tipo 1, tem sido proposto para o controle da colonização de enterobactérias e pode ser uma alternativa para o controle da infecção por Salmonella sp. em suínos. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a capacidade in vitro de aglutinação ao MOS em cepas de Salmonella sp. isoladas de suínos. Um total de 108 cepas de Salmonella sp. foram avaliadas quanto à presença dos genes fimA e fimH, aglutinação ao MOS e hemaglutinação. Em todas as cepas testadas, fragmentos de tamanho esperado foram amplificados para ambos os genes. Nos testes de hemaglutinação, 31 (28,7 por cento) cepas apresentaram aglutinação de hemácias inibida pela manose, indicando que havia expressão de fímbria tipo 1. Considerando apenas as cepas com a expressão de fímbria tipo 1, 23 (74,2 por cento) apresentaram uma aglutinação forte ao MOS, 3 (9,6 por cento) uma reação fraca e 5 (16,2 por cento) não aglutinaram. Os resultados indicam que MOS pode aglutinar in vitro de forma efetiva com cepas de Salmonella enterica que estejam expressando fímbria tipo 1.
RESUMO
Type-1 fimbriae are associated with most Salmonella enterica serovars and are an essential factor for host colonization. Mannanoligosaccharides (MOS), a prebiotic that is agglutinated by type-1 fimbriae, are proposed for the control of enterobacteria colonization and may be an alternative to Salmonella control in pigs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capability of porcine Salmonella strains to adhere to MOS in vitro. A total of 108 strains of Salmonella sp. isolated from carrier pigs were evaluated for the amplification of fimA and fimH genes, agglutination of MOS and hemagglutination. In all tested strains, amplicons of expected size were detected for both fimA and fimH gene. In the hemagglutination assays, 31 (28.7%) strains presented mannose-sensitive agglutination of erythrocytes, indicating that the strains were expressing type-1 fimbriae. Considering only strains expressing the type-1 fimbriae, 23 (74.2%) presented a strong agglutination of MOS, 3 (9.6%) a weak reaction and 5 (16.2%) none. The results indicate that Salmonella enterica strains expressing type-1 fimbriae can agglutinate effectively in vitro to MOS.
RESUMO
Type-1 fimbriae are associated with most Salmonella enterica serovars and are an essential factor for host colonization. Mannanoligosaccharides (MOS), a prebiotic that is agglutinated by type-1 fimbriae, are proposed for the control of enterobacteria colonization and may be an alternative to Salmonella control in pigs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capability of porcine Salmonella strains to adhere to MOS in vitro. A total of 108 strains of Salmonella sp. isolated from carrier pigs were evaluated for the amplification of fimA and fimH genes, agglutination of MOS and hemagglutination. In all tested strains, amplicons of expected size were detected for both fimA and fimH gene. In the hemagglutination assays, 31 (28.7%) strains presented mannose-sensitive agglutination of erythrocytes, indicating that the strains were expressing type-1 fimbriae. Considering only strains expressing the type-1 fimbriae, 23 (74.2%) presented a strong agglutination of MOS, 3 (9.6%) a weak reaction and 5 (16.2%) none. The results indicate that Salmonella enterica strains expressing type-1 fimbriae can agglutinate effectively in vitro to MOS.
Fímbrias tipo 1 estão presentes na maioria dos sorovares de Salmonella enterica e são fatores essenciais para a colonização do hospedeiro. Mananoligossacarídeo (MOS), um prebiótico que aglutina com fímbria tipo 1, tem sido proposto para o controle da colonização de enterobactérias e pode ser uma alternativa para o controle da infecção por Salmonella sp. em suínos. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a capacidade in vitro de aglutinação ao MOS em cepas de Salmonella sp. isoladas de suínos. Um total de 108 cepas de Salmonella sp. foram avaliadas quanto à presença dos genes fimA e fimH, aglutinação ao MOS e hemaglutinação. Em todas as cepas testadas, fragmentos de tamanho esperado foram amplificados para ambos os genes. Nos testes de hemaglutinação, 31 (28,7%) cepas apresentaram aglutinação de hemácias inibida pela manose, indicando que havia expressão de fímbria tipo 1. Considerando apenas as cepas com a expressão de fímbria tipo 1, 23 (74,2%) apresentaram uma aglutinação forte ao MOS, 3 (9,6%) uma reação fraca e 5 (16,2%) não aglutinaram. Os resultados indicam que MOS pode aglutinar in vitro de forma efetiva com cepas de Salmonella enterica que estejam expressando fímbria tipo 1.