RESUMO

Honey is one of the best nutritious substances in the world, having different services in the body functions regulation. Ten elements (K, Na, Ca, Co, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se) from honey samples were analyzed from 80 different locations of Punjab and ten floras. The aim of the present study was to determine the quality and quantity of minerals and Physico-chemical analysis in honey. A flame photometer was used to measure the concentration of major minerals (K, Ca and Na). The concentration of micro minerals (Co, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb and Se) was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The concentration of macro-elements obtained was as follow (in ppm): K (166-1732), Na (107-418) and Ca (07-99), while the concentration of microelements (in ppm) Co (1-2), Cr (>1), Mn (<1), Mo (1.818), Ni (1.911), Pb (<1) and Se (1.968). The most abundant minerals were potassium, calcium and sodium, ranging between 396-810.5, 17.5-640.63 and 169.88-238.62 ppm, respectively. However, the trace mineral elements of honey were obtained in the order of decreasing Se > Co > Ni > Pb > Cr > Mo > Mn. The findings showed that all the heavy metals like Co, Cr, Ni and Pb were present in trace amounts and close to International Honey Quality Standard. The result of given honey samples represented highest value of moisture (31.23%), color (80 mm pfund), pH (8.23), acidity (72.02 meq/kg), electrical conductivity (0.85 ms/cm) and ash contents (0.83%).

O mel é uma das substâncias mais nutritivas do mundo, possuindo diversos serviços na regulação das funções do organismo. Dez elementos (K, Na, Ca, Co, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se) de amostras de mel foram analisados em 80 locais diferentes de Punjab e dez floras. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a qualidade e quantidade de minerais e análises físico-químicas em mel. Um fotômetro de chama foi usado para medir a concentração dos principais minerais (K, Ca e Na). A concentração de microminerais (Co, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb e Se) foi analisada utilizando espectrômetro de absorção atômica. A concentração de macroelementos obtida foi a seguinte (em ppm): K (166-1732), Na (107-418) e Ca (07-99), enquanto a concentração de microelementos (em ppm) Co (1-2), Cr (> 1), Mn (< 1), Mo (1,818), Ni (1,911), Pb (< 1) e Se (1,968). Os minerais mais abundantes foram potássio, cálcio e sódio, variando entre 396-810,5, 17,5-640,63 e 169,88-238,62 ppm, respectivamente. No entanto, os oligoelementos do mel foram obtidos na ordem decrescente Se > Co > Ni > Pb > Cr > Mo > Mn. Os resultados mostraram que todos os metais pesados ​​como Co, Cr, Ni e Pb estavam presentes em quantidades vestigiais e próximos ao Padrão Internacional de Qualidade do Mel. O resultado de determinadas amostras de mel representou o maior valor de umidade (31,23%), cor (80 mm pfund), pH (8,23), acidez (72,02 meq/kg), condutividade elétrica (0,85 ms/cm) e teor de cinzas (0,83%).

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This paper describes studies for the determination of total concentration and bioaccessible fraction of minerals in peaches by MIP OES. The PCA analysis identified 3 distinct groups of elements concerning the total concentration, which was attributed to the origin of each cultivar. Among the macroelements, K presented higher values for total concentration, while B and Fe predominated among the microelements. Regarding the bioaccessible fraction, Mn presented the highest percentage (46-84%), followed by Zn and B (10-63% and 33-57%, respectively). Pearson's correlation coefficient revealed that reducing sugars and titratable acidity can influence the mineral bioaccessibility, highlighting the strong positive correlations between reducing sugars with Mn and total acidity with Fe. Peach cultivars have satisfactory nutritional value, but the total and bioaccessible concentrations of minerals obtained do not meet the recommended daily needs, requiring the consumption of other fruits and vegetables to complement the diet.

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In Argentina, wine production is one of the most important economic activities, producing a large quantities of organic wastes. Composting is a viable alternative to treat these residues, with the possibility to obtain high-quality products. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of goat manure, leaves from garden raking and alfalfa to exhausted grape marc and the influence of plastic cover on the composting process and the quality of the finished product. Composting was carried out in turned piles in a total randomized design. Temperature, moisture, pH, electrical conductivity, micro and macro elements, biological parameters, stability and structure were determined with the goal to assess product quality. Mixture compost presented higher macro and micro elements content (especially P, Mn and Zn) than grape marc compost. Plastic cover showed no significant effect on physico-chemical parameters, while microorganisms were affected, with higher cellulolytic and nitrifying content in uncovered piles. In all composts, parameters indicated stability and no pathogens (Salmonella sp.) were detected. Pot assay with Lactuca sativa suggested that all compost revealed adequate substrate quality, with higher plant biomass values than commercial substrate and sand (Control), even with fertilization. Mixture compost showed significantly higher biomass and nutrient absorption values relative to the remaining evaluated substrates, suggesting that the use of goat manure and leaves added to exhausted grape marc, as raw material resulted in higher compost quality. All together indicated that the use of polyethylene cover negatively affect microorganisms content and a higher diversity of organic residues composted would result in higher microbiological activity and nutritional grade product.

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ABSTRACT: Although the medicinal properties of berry fruit are well known, there is relatively little information available concerning the applications of other parts of berry plants. Thus, in this study we determined the nutritional value of the leaves of selected berry species and their possible application in health promoting diets. The levels of nutrients, and macro- and microelements in the leaves of four species collected from allotment gardens in the city of Szczecin, Poland (53°2617 N, 14°3232 E; altitude 7 m a.s.l.) were identified: raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.), chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa L.), and sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.). Sea buckthorn leaves were the richest source of protein, raspberry leaves had the highest levels of lipids, and the leaves of all four species studied were a rich source of crude fibre and dietary fibre fractions. Desirable Ca:P and Na:K ratios indicated their potential as a good source of minerals essential to bone formation and the treatment of hypertension. Sea buckthorn leaves contained high but also safe Fe levels (within recommended WHO limits) and, therefore, may become an alternative rich source of this element.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: Although the medicinal properties of berry fruit are well known, there is relatively little information available concerning the applications of other parts of berry plants. Thus, in this study we determined the nutritional value of the leaves of selected berry species and their possible application in health promoting diets. The levels of nutrients, and macro- and microelements in the leaves of four species collected from allotment gardens in the city of Szczecin, Poland (53°2617 N, 14°3232 E; altitude 7 m a.s.l.) were identified: raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.), chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa L.), and sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.). Sea buckthorn leaves were the richest source of protein, raspberry leaves had the highest levels of lipids, and the leaves of all four species studied were a rich source of crude fibre and dietary fibre fractions. Desirable Ca:P and Na:K ratios indicated their potential as a good source of minerals essential to bone formation and the treatment of hypertension. Sea buckthorn leaves contained high but also safe Fe levels (within recommended WHO limits) and, therefore, may become an alternative rich source of this element.(AU)

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This study examined the effects of different biofertilizers and manure on the absorption and absorption efficiency of macronutrients by wheat in Alborz Province, Iran. The experimental design was factorial in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. The four factors of the experiment were Azospirillum (with 600 g/ha and without), mycorrhiza (with 1 kg/ha and without), Streptomyces (with 0.5 kg/ha and without) and manure (with 30 t/ha and without). To measure N, P and K, plants were harvested one time when grains were at dough stage and another time at plant maturity, oven dried, grinded and analyzed. Azospirillum, mycorrhiza and manure had a significant effect (p ≤ 0.01) on most of the measured traits, but the effect of Streptomyces was not significant. The two-fold and three-fold interactions significantly affected the absorption and absorption efficiency of the three macronutrients. In most cases, four-fold interactions yielded the highest values. Overall, the experimental results indicate that biofertilizers and manure can naturally meet most of the plant's nutritional requirements, improve the efficiency of nutrient absorption and replace part of chemical fertilizers in sustainable agricultural production systems.

RESUMO

El Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (zábila) es una planta utilizada por sus propiedades medicinales, la parte utilizada de esta planta es su hoja, de ésta se extraen dos componentes: los cristales y el exudado. En esta investigación se estudió la concentración de macro elementos presentes en el exuda-do de hojas de zábila, a saber: sodio (Na), calcio (Ca), magnesio (Mg) y potasio (k) por espectrometría de absorción atómica en llama (FAAS). Las plantas estudiadas fueron cultivadas en la ciudad de Coro, estado Falcón. Las muestras compuestas de exudado se recolectaron en hojas ubi-cadas en las posiciones bajas, medias y superiores de las plantas. Luego se secaron por liofilización, y se mineralizaron: 0.25 g de muestra de exudado se sometieron a digestión ácida, con 1:2 HNO3 concentrado y H2O2 en plancha de calentamiento. Se utilizó material certificado NIST 1572, USA: Hojas de plantas cítricas, para evaluar la exactitud del método, no encontrándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p <0.05) entre los valores del material de referencia con los valores obtenidos con el método aplicado en esta investigación. El promedio de la desviación estándar relativa (RSD) fue de 1.41%, lo que certifica la precisión del método empleado. Las concentraciones de los macro elementos encontradas fueron: Na: 0.24 ± 0,03% p/p, k: 0.69 ± 0,13% p/p, Ca: 0.07 ± 0,01% p/p y Mg: 0.01 ± 0,00% p/p. El método empleado para determinar la concentración de Na, Ca, Mg y k en muestras de exudado de zábila por FAAS fue exacto, preciso y libre de interferencias.

The objective of this work was to determine the metals in Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (zabila). Theses metals are necessary in the human organism; namely: Na, k, Ca y Mg. It was digested for 1 hour in a hot plate at 70 ºC 0.25 g of lyo-philized exudate with 1:2 nitric acidic and hydrogen peroxi-de. It was no found significatives statistics differences at 95% of confidence between the standard calibration curve and the aqueous calibration curve, so no matrix effect was observed. The recovery studies was satisfactory, the mean value was 99.77 ± 2%. It was no found significatives statistics differences at 95% of confidence between the certificated values (NBS: Citrics leaves 1572) of studied metals and the values found with the applied methodology. The concentrations of these elements in the real composed samples were: Na: 0.24 ± 0,03% w/w; k: 0.69 ± 0,13% w/w; Ca: 0.07 ± 0,01% w/w; Mg: 0.01 ± 0,00% w/w. The method used to determine the determined elements was exact, pre-cise and free from interferences.

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The exotic flavor of Brazilian tropical fruits led to increased consumption. Consumers awareness regarding balanced diets, makes necessary determining nutritional composition - vitamins and minerals of the fruits ordinarily consumed. This study contributed to the evaluation of macro (K, Ca) and microelements (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Br) in eight exotic Brazilian tropical fruits: "abiu" (Lucuma caimito Ruiz & Pav.), "jenipapo" (Genipa americana L.), "jambo rosa" (rose apple, Eugenia Jambos L.), "jambo vermelho" (Syzygium malaccence L., Merr & Perry), "macaúba" (Acrocomia aculeata Jacq. Lood. Ex Mart.), "mangaba" (Hancornia speciosa), "pitanga" (Brazilian Cherry, Eugenia uniflora L.), and tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.), using the Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) technique. "jambo vermelho" and "macaúba" presented the highest values of K concentrations, 1,558 and 1,725 mg 100 g-1, respectively. On the other hand, Ca concentrations were highest in "macaúba" (680 mg 100 g-1) and "jenipapo" (341 mg 100 g-1). The microelemental concentrations in these eight fruits ranged from: 0.9 to 2.0 mg 100 g-1 for Mn, 3.9 to 11.4 mg 100 g-1 for Fe, 0.5 to 1.0 mg 100 g-1 for Cu, 0.6 to 1.5 mg 100 g-1 for, Zn and 0.3 to 1.3 mg 100 g-1 for Br. The amounts of macro and microelements in the eight fruits analyzed were compared to other tropical fruits and it was found that some of them could be classified as rich sources for these macro and microelements.

O sabor exótico dos frutos tropicais brasileiros vem contribuindo para o aumento de seu consumo. Ao se considerar a busca por uma alimentação balanceada, por consumidores cada vez mais exigentes, o conhecimento da composição de vitaminas e sais minerais dos frutos que compõe a dieta se faz necessário. Desta forma o presente trabalho vem contribuir com a determinação da concentração de macro (K e Ca) e microelementos (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn e Br) em oito frutos tropicais exóticos brasileiros: abiu (Lucuma caimito Ruiz & Pav.), jenipapo (Genipa americana L.), jambo rosa (rose apple, Eugenia jambos L.), jambo vermelho (Syzygium malaccence L., Merr & Perry), macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata Jacq. Lood. Ex Mart.); mangaba (Hancornia speciosa), pitanga (Brazilian Cherry, Eugenia uniflora L.) e tamarindo (Tamarindus indica L.) através da técnica de fluorescência de raios X por dispersão de energia. Jambo vermelho e macaúba apresentaram altas concentrações de K, 1.558 e 1.725 mg 100 g-1, respectivamente. Por outro lado, as concentrações de Ca foram maiores na macaúba (680 mg 100 g-1) e jenipapo (341 mg 100 g-1). As concentrações em microelementos nestes oitos frutos variaram: de 0,9 a 2,0 mg 100 g-1 para Mn, de 3,9 a 11,4 mg 100 g-1 para o Fe, de 0,6 a 1,5 mg 100 g-1 para o Zn e de 0,3 a 1,3 mg 100 g-1 para o Br. As quantidades destes elementos nos oito frutos analisados foram comparadas com outros frutos tropicais e pode-se constatar que alguns deles podem ser classificados como fontes ricas em minerais.

RESUMO

The exotic flavor of Brazilian tropical fruits led to increased consumption. Consumers awareness regarding balanced diets, makes necessary determining nutritional composition - vitamins and minerals of the fruits ordinarily consumed. This study contributed to the evaluation of macro (K, Ca) and microelements (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Br) in eight exotic Brazilian tropical fruits: "abiu" (Lucuma caimito Ruiz & Pav.), "jenipapo" (Genipa americana L.), "jambo rosa" (rose apple, Eugenia Jambos L.), "jambo vermelho" (Syzygium malaccence L., Merr & Perry), "macaúba" (Acrocomia aculeata Jacq. Lood. Ex Mart.), "mangaba" (Hancornia speciosa), "pitanga" (Brazilian Cherry, Eugenia uniflora L.), and tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.), using the Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) technique. "jambo vermelho" and "macaúba" presented the highest values of K concentrations, 1,558 and 1,725 mg 100 g-1, respectively. On the other hand, Ca concentrations were highest in "macaúba" (680 mg 100 g-1) and "jenipapo" (341 mg 100 g-1). The microelemental concentrations in these eight fruits ranged from: 0.9 to 2.0 mg 100 g-1 for Mn, 3.9 to 11.4 mg 100 g-1 for Fe, 0.5 to 1.0 mg 100 g-1 for Cu, 0.6 to 1.5 mg 100 g-1 for, Zn and 0.3 to 1.3 mg 100 g-1 for Br. The amounts of macro and microelements in the eight fruits analyzed were compared to other tropical fruits and it was found that some of them could be classified as rich sources for these macro and microelements.

O sabor exótico dos frutos tropicais brasileiros vem contribuindo para o aumento de seu consumo. Ao se considerar a busca por uma alimentação balanceada, por consumidores cada vez mais exigentes, o conhecimento da composição de vitaminas e sais minerais dos frutos que compõe a dieta se faz necessário. Desta forma o presente trabalho vem contribuir com a determinação da concentração de macro (K e Ca) e microelementos (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn e Br) em oito frutos tropicais exóticos brasileiros: abiu (Lucuma caimito Ruiz & Pav.), jenipapo (Genipa americana L.), jambo rosa (rose apple, Eugenia jambos L.), jambo vermelho (Syzygium malaccence L., Merr & Perry), macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata Jacq. Lood. Ex Mart.); mangaba (Hancornia speciosa), pitanga (Brazilian Cherry, Eugenia uniflora L.) e tamarindo (Tamarindus indica L.) através da técnica de fluorescência de raios X por dispersão de energia. Jambo vermelho e macaúba apresentaram altas concentrações de K, 1.558 e 1.725 mg 100 g-1, respectivamente. Por outro lado, as concentrações de Ca foram maiores na macaúba (680 mg 100 g-1) e jenipapo (341 mg 100 g-1). As concentrações em microelementos nestes oitos frutos variaram: de 0,9 a 2,0 mg 100 g-1 para Mn, de 3,9 a 11,4 mg 100 g-1 para o Fe, de 0,6 a 1,5 mg 100 g-1 para o Zn e de 0,3 a 1,3 mg 100 g-1 para o Br. As quantidades destes elementos nos oito frutos analisados foram comparadas com outros frutos tropicais e pode-se constatar que alguns deles podem ser classificados como fontes ricas em minerais.