RESUMO
Cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) remained challenging for Rhesus monkeys, mostly due to its low efficiency and neonatal death. Genome-scale analyses revealed that monkey SCNT embryos displayed widespread DNA methylation and transcriptional alterations, thus including loss of genomic imprinting that correlated with placental dysfunction. The transfer of inner cell masses (ICM) from cloned blastocysts into ICM-depleted fertilized embryos rescued placental insufficiency and gave rise to a cloned Rhesus monkey that reached adulthood without noticeable abnormalities.
Assuntos
Clonagem de Organismos , Metilação de DNA , Macaca mulatta , Técnicas de Transferência Nuclear , Animais , Técnicas de Transferência Nuclear/veterinária , Macaca mulatta/genética , Feminino , Gravidez , Impressão Genômica , Blastocisto/citologia , Blastocisto/metabolismo , GenomaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Documentation of lingual tumors is scarce in nonhuman primates. METHODS: Through a multi-institutional retrospective study we compile cases of primary and metastatic neoplasia in non-human primates. RESULTS: We describe five cases of lingual neoplasia. Three cases are primary lingual tumors: chondro-osteoblastic lipoma in a howler monkey, squamous cell carcinoma, and fibroma in two baboons. We describe two cases of metastatic lymphoma in the tongue in rhesus macaques. A literature review of published lingual neoplasia in nonhuman primates is included in this manuscript. CONCLUSION: Lingual neoplasia is seldom reported in non-human primates.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Macacos , Papio , Neoplasias da Língua , Animais , Doenças dos Macacos/patologia , Doenças dos Macacos/diagnóstico , Masculino , Feminino , Neoplasias da Língua/patologia , Neoplasias da Língua/veterinária , Neoplasias da Língua/diagnóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Macaca mulatta , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/veterinária , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Lipoma/veterinária , Lipoma/patologia , Lipoma/diagnósticoRESUMO
Measles infections can cause significant morbidity and mortality in human and monkey populations. The endemicity of measles in human populations and viral circulation within populations of free-living monkeys may have important repercussions for potential zoonotic transmission events and for the long-term health of monkey populations. Yet, there has not yet been a rigorous investigation of the dynamics of measles transmission where human and monkey populations coexist. In this study, to determine the difference in seroprevalence of the measles virus across different contexts of human-monkey contact, we analyzed serum samples collected from 56 apparently healthy Macaca mulatta monkeys who occupied diverse contexts, with different degrees of human-monkey contact, in Bangladesh. This is the first report of measles virus seroprevalence in monkeys in Bangladesh. We found a clear association between measles virus seropositivity in monkeys and the context in which they interact with humans. Seroprevalence was the lowest in wild areas (0.0%) and increased in shrines (4.8%), urban areas (5.9%), and was highest among monkeys who are used as performance animals (50.0%). This work suggests that a One Health approach informed by local interspecies transmission dynamics is necessary to develop strategies that both improve measles vaccination coverage, achieve long-term surveillance in monkey populations, and prevent measles spillback to monkeys. This approach aims to inform conservation efforts and protect the long-term health of human and monkey populations.
RESUMO
Congenital digital defects, particularly adactyly and oligodactyly, have been reported frequently in humans, however, their occurrence in rhesus monkeys is rare, mainly in the hind limbs. We present here for the first time, two female rhesus monkeys with unilateral congenital toe defects with metatarsal involvement. One showing adactyly and the other oligodactyly. In this report, we present the clinical/radiological details of these cases as well as discuss the risk factors possibly involved, such as contact with pesticides and genetic factors.
Assuntos
Ossos do Metatarso , Humanos , Feminino , Animais , Macaca mulatta , Ossos do Metatarso/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of weather-related disasters such as hurricanes, wildfires, floods, and droughts. Understanding resilience and vulnerability to these intense stressors and their aftermath could reveal adaptations to extreme environmental change. In 2017, Puerto Rico suffered its worst natural disaster, Hurricane Maria, which left 3,000 dead and provoked a mental health crisis. Cayo Santiago island, home to a population of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), was devastated by the same storm. We compared social networks of two groups of macaques before and after the hurricane and found an increase in affiliative social connections, driven largely by monkeys most socially isolated before Hurricane Maria. Further analysis revealed monkeys invested in building new relationships rather than strengthening existing ones. Social adaptations to environmental instability might predispose rhesus macaques to success in rapidly changing anthropogenic environments.
Assuntos
Animais Selvagens/fisiologia , Animais Selvagens/psicologia , Tempestades Ciclônicas , Macaca mulatta/fisiologia , Macaca mulatta/psicologia , Comportamento Social , Animais , Feminino , Asseio Animal , Masculino , Porto RicoRESUMO
In a captive Macaca mulatta breeding colony, a single family group with 39 animals showed 19 individuals being born with dramatic tail shortening. Through clinical, genealogical, radiographic, and cytogenetic evaluation, it was related to a probable dominant autosomal inheritance of the reduction in the number of distal caudal vertebrae.
Assuntos
Macaca mulatta/anormalidades , Doenças dos Macacos/congênito , Cauda/anormalidades , Animais , Animais de Laboratório/anormalidades , Feminino , Masculino , Cauda/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
We are currently living the advent of a new age for medicine in which basic research is being quickly translated into marketable drugs, and the widespread access to genomics data is allowing the design and implementation of personalized solutions to medical conditions. Non-human primates (NHP) have gained an essential role in drug discovery and safety testing due to their close phylogenetic relationship to humans. In this study, a collection of well characterized genes of the human immune system was used to define the orthology-based immunome in four NHP species, with carefully curated annotations available based on multi-tissue RNA-seq datasets. A broad variation in the frequency of expressed protein isoforms was observed between species. Finally, this analysis also revealed the lack of expression of at least four different chemokines in new-world primates. In addition, transcripts corresponding to four genes including interleukin 12 subunit alpha were expressed in humans but no other primate species analyzed. Access to the non-human primate immunome is available in http://www.fidic.org.co:90/proyecto/.
Assuntos
Quimiocinas/genética , Bases de Dados de Ácidos Nucleicos , Bases de Dados de Proteínas , Subunidade p35 da Interleucina-12/genética , Primatas/genética , Pesquisa Translacional Biomédica/métodos , Animais , Aotidae/genética , Callithrix/genética , Desenho de Fármacos , Descoberta de Drogas/métodos , Humanos , Sistema Imunitário , Macaca mulatta/genética , Modelos Animais , Pan troglodytes/genética , Isoformas de Proteínas/genéticaRESUMO
Objetivo: A campilobacteriose é uma das principais doenças entéricas do mundo. Ocorre não só no homem mas também em primatas não humanos, sendo desta forma importante no monitoramento sanitário de colônias de animais provenientes de criatórios científicos. É causada por bactérias do gênero Campylobacter, cuja detecção em biotérios possibilita não só controlar a doença e prevenir sua disseminação, mas assegurar a qualidade das pesquisas que serão realizadas nestes biomodelos. Com base na importância deste isolamento, nosso objetivo foi a verificação do status sanitário de uma colônia de criação de Macaca mulatta, usando como referência a presença de Campylobacter spp. Métodos: Durante o manejo médico anual coletaram-se 52 swabs fecais de primatas não humanos adultos, o que representou um percentual de 10% da colônia total. Esse material foi submetido ao esquema de semeadura/incubação e identificação de Campylobacter sp. seguindo as recomendações de cultivo microbiológico, incluindo o isolamento, prova de Gram e testes bioquímicos. Todo o processo levou de cinco a sete dias e foi realizado em atmosfera de microaerofilia. Resultados: Em 14 indivíduos foram isoladas bactérias do gênero Campylobacter. Destes, sete eram portadores de Campylobacter coli, seis portadores de Campylobacter jejuni e em um indivíduo não foi possível definir a espécie de Campylobacter isolada. Conclusão: Apesar da baixa prevalência (27%), esses resultados reforçam a necessidade de constante monitoramento microbiológico dos primatas pertencentes à colônia, visando não só a qualidade dos animais fornecidos, mas minimizando o risco de contaminação dentro da colônia e de contágio pelos profissionais que lidam com os animais, já que o Campylobacter possui importante potencial zoonótico.
Assuntos
Campylobacter , Infecções por Campylobacter , Macaca mulattaRESUMO
Complicações reprodutivas de primatas não humanos (PNH) têm sido detectadas em criações animais, tornando-se comumente necessário separar o filhote da mãe. Este trabalho descreve incidência, origem e perfil de casos de macacos rhesus (Macaca mulatta) lactentes mantidos em berçário em um criatório científico, visando enfatizar a importância dos cuidados neonatais, e de como o manejo reflete sobre o desenvolvimento saudável dos animais e o sucesso da reintrodução destes em grupos familiares. Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, no período de 2008 a 2017, de 25 macacos rhesus lactentes que receberam cuidados neonatais. As informações foram obtidas em um banco de registros da criação. No período de nove anos, foram recebidos no berçário 25 filhotes de M. mulatta, sendo 52% de machos (13/25) e 48% de fêmeas (12/25), e desses, 28% (7/25) vieram a óbito, enquanto 72% (18/25) dos animais sobreviveram. Todos os filhotes sobreviventes foram reintroduzidos ao convívio social. As análises do trabalho demonstraram que em um criatório de PNH, diversos fatores podem comprometer a convivência da mãe e filhote, resultando na necessidade de um ambiente preparado com equipamento, material e mão de obra especializada para atendimento dos lactentes afastados de suas mães. Além disso, o planejamento adequado da reaproximação do filhote ao grupo familiar deve ser realizado objetivando minimizar as alterações comportamentais e sucesso no convívio social.
Reproductive complications of nonhuman primates (NHP) have been detected in animal breeding, which becomes commonly necessary separating the baby from the mother. This paper describes the incidence, origin, and profile cases of nursling rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) kept in nursery unit from a scientific creation, with the aims of emphasizing the importance of neonatal care, how the management reflects on the healthy development of the animals, as well as the success of reintroducing them into family groups. A retrospective study was carried out, from 2008 to 2017, of 25 infant rhesus macaques who received neonatal care. Data were obtained from a database of the breeding records. During nine years 25 nursling M. mulatta were received in the neonatal care section, with 52% (13/25) of males and 48% (12/25) of females, and from these, 28% (7/25) died, while 72% (18/25) of the animals have survived. All the surviving infants were reintroduced into social interaction. Work analyzes demonstrated that in a NHP creation several factors could compromise the living together between the mother and its offspring, resulting in the need of a prepa-red environment with equipment, material, and specialized labor to attend the infants away from their mothers. In addition, adequate planning about rapprochement of the infant to the family group should performed with the purpose of minimizing behavioral alterations and obtaining success on the social life.
Assuntos
Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Berçários para Lactentes , Cuidado Pós-Natal , Macaca mulatta , Ciência dos Animais de LaboratórioRESUMO
Complicações reprodutivas de primatas não humanos (PNH) têm sido detectadas em criações animais, tornando-se comumente necessário separar o filhote da mãe. Este trabalho descreve incidência, origem e perfil de casos de macacos rhesus (Macaca mulatta) lactentes mantidos em berçário em um criatório científico, visando enfatizar a importância dos cuidados neonatais, e de como o manejo reflete sobre o desenvolvimento saudável dos animais e o sucesso da reintrodução destes em grupos familiares. Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, no período de 2008 a 2017, de 25 macacos rhesus lactentes que receberam cuidados neonatais. As informações foram obtidas em um banco de registros da criação. No período de nove anos, foram recebidos no berçário 25 filhotes de M. mulatta, sendo 52% de machos (13/25) e 48% de fêmeas (12/25), e desses, 28% (7/25) vieram a óbito, enquanto 72% (18/25) dos animais sobreviveram. Todos os filhotes sobreviventes foram reintroduzidos ao convívio social. As análises do trabalho demonstraram que em um criatório de PNH, diversos fatores podem comprometer a convivência da mãe e filhote, resultando na necessidade de um ambiente preparado com equipamento, material e mão de obra especializada para atendimento dos lactentes afastados de suas mães. Além disso, o planejamento adequado da reaproximação do filhote ao grupo familiar deve ser realizado objetivando minimizar as alterações comportamentais e sucesso no convívio social.(AU)
Reproductive complications of nonhuman primates (NHP) have been detected in animal breeding, which becomes commonly necessary separating the baby from the mother. This paper describes the incidence, origin, and profile cases of nursling rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) kept in nursery unit from a scientific creation, with the aims of emphasizing the importance of neonatal care, how the management reflects on the healthy development of the animals, as well as the success of reintroducing them into family groups. A retrospective study was carried out, from 2008 to 2017, of 25 infant rhesus macaques who received neonatal care. Data were obtained from a database of the breeding records. During nine years 25 nursling M. mulatta were received in the neonatal care section, with 52% (13/25) of males and 48% (12/25) of females, and from these, 28% (7/25) died, while 72% (18/25) of the animals have survived. All the surviving infants were reintroduced into social interaction. Work analyzes demonstrated that in a NHP creation several factors could compromise the living together between the mother and its offspring, resulting in the need of a prepa-red environment with equipment, material, and specialized labor to attend the infants away from their mothers. In addition, adequate planning about rapprochement of the infant to the family group should performed with the purpose of minimizing behavioral alterations and obtaining success on the social life.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Macaca mulatta , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Berçários para Lactentes , Cuidado Pós-Natal , Ciência dos Animais de LaboratórioRESUMO
This article presents a pictorial history of the free-ranging colony of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) on Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico, in commemoration of the 75th anniversary of its establishment by Clarence R. Carpenter in December 1938. It is based on a presentation made by the authors at the symposium, Cayo Santiago: 75 Years of Leadership in Translational Research, held at the 36th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Primatologists in San Juan, Puerto Rico, on 20 June 2013.
Assuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica/história , Etologia/história , Macaca mulatta/fisiologia , Animais , Comportamento Animal , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Porto Rico , ReproduçãoRESUMO
Cayo Santiago is the oldest continuously operating free-ranging rhesus monkey colony in the world. Population control of this colony has historically been carried out by periodic live capture and removal of animals. However, the effect of such a strategy on the size, growth rate, age structure, and sex ratio of the population has not been analyzed. This study reviews past removal data and uses a population projection model to simulate the effects of different removal schemes based on Cayo Santiago demographic data from 2000-2012. The model incorporates negative density-dependence in female fertility, as well as male and female survival rates, to determine the population-level effects of selective removal by age and sex. Modeling revealed that removal of sexually immature individuals has negligible effects on the population dynamics explaining why with an initial population of 1309 in 2000 and annual removals of immature monkeys a mean annual population growth rate of 12% and a final population size of â¼1,435 individuals by 2012 (â¼0.009 animal/m(2) ) was observed. With no removals, the population is expected to exhibit dampened oscillations until reaching equilibrium at â¼1,690 individuals (â¼0.0111 animal/m(2) ) in 2,100. In contrast, removal of adult females (≥4 yrs) would significantly reduce the population size, but would also promote an increase in population growth rate due to density feedback. A maximum annual production of 275 births is expected when 550 adult females are present in the population. Sensitivity analyses showed that removing females, in contrast to controlling their fertility through invasive treatments would contribute the most to changes in population growth rate. Given the density compensation on fertility, stabilizing the population would require removing â¼80% of the current population of adult females. This study highlights the importance of addressing the population-level density effects, as well as sensitivity analyses, to optimize management strategies.
Assuntos
Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Macaca mulatta/fisiologia , Animais , Demografia , Feminino , Masculino , Modelos Biológicos , Densidade Demográfica , Dinâmica Populacional , Crescimento Demográfico , Porto RicoRESUMO
Reproductive synchrony and the consequent clustering of births are hypothesized to be regulated by seasonal changes in rainfall and food availability. Such climate-related seasonality is, however, questionable in tropical populations occupying temporally invariant habitats year round. Using the long-term data of the Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques from 1973 to 2013, this study distinguishes synchrony (a greater than chance clustering of births) from seasonality (a cluster of births during a period of the year when abiotic conditions are favorable) and shows that females are highly synchronized (>72% of births in a 3-month period) but the effects of environmental zeitgebers on reproduction are overridden by biological factors. Specifically, biotic and abiotic factors including (i) loss of immature offspring; (ii) population density; (iii) age at delivery; (iv) rainfall; and (v) changes in colony management were modeled in relation to the annual onset of births and the median birth date. Females experiencing loss of immature offspring had an interbirth interval of <365 days in average and the proportion of these females increased up to 48% due to changes in colony management overtime, although reproductive synchrony increased with increasing population density. A secular trend in both the onset of births and the median date of birth is documented and the model predicts that the median birth date will advance across all calendar-based seasons by 2050. The secular trend in reproduction appears to be triggered by changes in the age at delivery of females, the absence of physiological constraints from maternal investment due to offspring loss, shorter interbirth interval, and a higher degree of coordination due to increasing population density. This study challenges the reproductive phenology previously described for rhesus macaques highlighting the importance of long-term studies in addressing the ultimate causes of reproductive synchrony.
Assuntos
Macaca mulatta/fisiologia , Reprodução , Fatores Etários , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Porto Rico , Estações do AnoRESUMO
This article briefly reviews the contributions of Clarence R. Carpenter in establishing the free-ranging colony of rhesus monkeys on Cayo Santiago, the Caribbean Primate Research Center and his legacy in primatology.
Assuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica/história , Etologia/história , Primatas/fisiologia , Animais , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Macaca mulatta/fisiologia , Porto RicoRESUMO
Genetic studies not only contribute substantially to our current understanding of the natural variation in behavior and health in many species, they also provide the basis of numerous in vivo models of human traits. Despite the many challenges posed by the high level of biological and social complexity, a long lifespan and difficult access in the field, genetic studies of primates are particularly rewarding because of the close evolutionary relatedness of these species to humans. The free-ranging rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) population on Cayo Santiago (CS), Puerto Rico, provides a unique resource in this respect because several of the abovementioned caveats are of either minor importance there, or lacking altogether, thereby allowing long-term genetic research in a primate population under constant surveillance since 1956. This review summarizes more than 40 years of genetic research carried out on CS, from early blood group typing and the genetic characterization of skeletal material via population-wide paternity testing with DNA fingerprints and short tandem repeats (STRs) to the analysis of the highly polymorphic DQB1 locus within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The results of the paternity studies also facilitated subsequent studies of male dominance and other factors influencing male reproductive success, of male reproductive skew, paternal kin bias, and mechanisms of paternal kin recognition. More recently, the CS macaques have been the subjects of functional genetic and gene expression analyses and have played an important role in behavioral and quantitative genetic studies. In addition, the CS colony has been used as a natural model for human adult-onset macular degeneration, glaucoma, and circadian rhythm disorder. Our review finishes off with a discussion of potential future directions of research on CS, including the transition from STRs to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing and whole genome sequencing.
Assuntos
Genética/história , Macaca mulatta/genética , Animais , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Porto RicoRESUMO
A criação de primatas não humanos em cativeiro para fins de pesquisa científica requer grande conhecimento e cuidados com sua reprodução e manejo. Problemas relacionados à gestação, tais como abortos, distocias e retenção de placenta causam grande impacto na produtividade das colônias, no bem-estar dos animais e custo da criação. A fim de minimizar esses prejuízos, nosso estudo tem como objetivo melhorar a compreensão da anatomia uterina de macaco rhesus (Macaca mulatta). Foram estudadas 15 fêmeas entre 38 e 87 meses de idade e massa corporal entre 4,9 e 7,39 Kg, pertencentes ao Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biomodelos/ ICTB, Fiocruz, RJ. As fêmeas foram divididas em 3 categorias: nulíparas, primíparas e pluríparas. Em todos os animais foram feitos o estudo topográfico, biometria dos órgãos, microscopia de luz e quantificação de colágeno no miométrio. O útero é do tipo simples, caracterizado por um fundo globóide, oco, alongado e de formato piriforme. Pode ser dividido em: corpo, fundo e cérvix. Não foram observadas diferenças macroscópicas e de topografia entre as 3 categorias estudadas. As fêmeas pluríparas obtiveram as maiores medidas biométricas e de quantidade de colágeno no miométrio comparado as outras categorias de fêmeas estudadas. O endométrio é formado por um epitélio prismático simples e uma lâmina própria que contém glândulas endometriais tubulares e retas com o mesmo tipo de epitélio. Concluímos que as medidas e constituição histológica do útero variam conforme o histórico reprodutivo, o que explica, em parte, o maior risco de ocorrência de complicações no parto em fêmeas pluríparas.
The creation of nonhuman primates in captivity for scientific research purposesrequires great knowledge and care of their breeding and management.Problems related to pregnancy, such as abortions, dystocia, and retained placentacause great impact on the productivity of the colonies, animal welfare, and breedingcosts. In order to minimize these losses, our study aims to improve understanding of theuterine anatomy of rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Fifteen females between 38 and87 months of age and body mass between 4.9 and 7.39 kg, belonging to the Institute ofScience and Technology in Biomodels/ISTB, Fiocruz, RJ were studied. Females weredivided into 3 categories: nulliparous, primiparous, and pluriparous. Topographical study,biometrics organs, light microscopy, and quantification of collagen in the myometriumwere carried out in all animals. The uterus is a simple type, characterized by a globoid,hollow, elongated body and pear-shaped format. It can be divided into: body, fundus, andcervix. No macroscopic and topographic differences among the three categories studiedwere observed. The pluriparous females achieved the highest biometric and amountof collagen measures in the myometrium compared to the other categories of studiedfemales. Endometrium is formed by a simple prismatic epithelium and lamina propriacontaining straight and tubular endometrial glands with the same type of epithelium.We conclude that measurements and histological constitution of the uterus vary as thereproductive history, which explains, in part, the major risk of complications occurredin parturition of pluriparous females.
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Macaca mulatta , Primatas , Útero/anatomia & histologia , Modelos AnimaisRESUMO
A criação de primatas não humanos em cativeiro para fins de pesquisa científica requer grande conhecimento e cuidados com sua reprodução e manejo. Problemas relacionados à gestação, tais como abortos, distocias e retenção de placenta causam grande impacto na produtividade das colônias, no bem-estar dos animais e custo da criação. A fim de minimizar esses prejuízos, nosso estudo tem como objetivo melhorar a compreensão da anatomia uterina de macaco rhesus (Macaca mulatta). Foram estudadas 15 fêmeas entre 38 e 87 meses de idade e massa corporal entre 4,9 e 7,39 Kg, pertencentes ao Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biomodelos/ ICTB, Fiocruz, RJ. As fêmeas foram divididas em 3 categorias: nulíparas, primíparas e pluríparas. Em todos os animais foram feitos o estudo topográfico, biometria dos órgãos, microscopia de luz e quantificação de colágeno no miométrio. O útero é do tipo simples, caracterizado por um fundo globóide, oco, alongado e de formato piriforme. Pode ser dividido em: corpo, fundo e cérvix. Não foram observadas diferenças macroscópicas e de topografia entre as 3 categorias estudadas. As fêmeas pluríparas obtiveram as maiores medidas biométricas e de quantidade de colágeno no miométrio comparado as outras categorias de fêmeas estudadas. O endométrio é formado por um epitélio prismático simples e uma lâmina própria que contém glândulas endometriais tubulares e retas com o mesmo tipo de epitélio. Concluímos que as medidas e constituição histológica do útero variam conforme o histórico reprodutivo, o que explica, em parte, o maior risco de ocorrência de complicações no parto em fêmeas pluríparas.(AU)
The creation of nonhuman primates in captivity for scientific research purposesrequires great knowledge and care of their breeding and management.Problems related to pregnancy, such as abortions, dystocia, and retained placentacause great impact on the productivity of the colonies, animal welfare, and breedingcosts. In order to minimize these losses, our study aims to improve understanding of theuterine anatomy of rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Fifteen females between 38 and87 months of age and body mass between 4.9 and 7.39 kg, belonging to the Institute ofScience and Technology in Biomodels/ISTB, Fiocruz, RJ were studied. Females weredivided into 3 categories: nulliparous, primiparous, and pluriparous. Topographical study,biometrics organs, light microscopy, and quantification of collagen in the myometriumwere carried out in all animals. The uterus is a simple type, characterized by a globoid,hollow, elongated body and pear-shaped format. It can be divided into: body, fundus, andcervix. No macroscopic and topographic differences among the three categories studiedwere observed. The pluriparous females achieved the highest biometric and amountof collagen measures in the myometrium compared to the other categories of studiedfemales. Endometrium is formed by a simple prismatic epithelium and lamina propriacontaining straight and tubular endometrial glands with the same type of epithelium.We conclude that measurements and histological constitution of the uterus vary as thereproductive history, which explains, in part, the major risk of complications occurredin parturition of pluriparous females.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Macaca mulatta , Útero/anatomia & histologia , Primatas , Modelos AnimaisRESUMO
Although congenital thumb absence has been reported frequently in humans, their occurrence in macaques is rare. We observed three cases of spontaneous thumb defects in captive female rhesus monkeys. One animal exhibited bilateral absence and two other presented unilateral thumb absence, all with metacarpal integrity. This report presents the clinical, radiological, and genealogical details as well as possible etiologies in an attempt to draw a parallel with humans and other primate species.
Assuntos
Macaca mulatta/anormalidades , Polegar/anormalidades , Animais , Feminino , Radiografia , Polegar/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Tetanus was a major cause of mortality in the free-ranging population of rhesus monkeys on Cayo Santiago prior to 1985 when the entire colony was given its first dose of tetanus toxoid. The immediate reduction in mortality that followed tetanus toxoid inoculation (TTI) has been documented, but the long-term demographic effects of eliminating tetanus infections have not. This study uses the Cayo Santiago demographic database to construct comparative life tables 12 years before, and 12 years after, TTI. Life tables and matrix projection models are used to test for differences in: (i) survival among all individuals as well as among social groups, (ii) long-term fitness of the population, (iii) age distribution, (iv) reproductive value, and (v) life expectancy. A retrospective life table response experiment (LTRE) was performed to determine which life cycle transition contributed most to observed changes in long-term fitness of the population post-TTI. Elimination of clinical tetanus infections through mass inoculation improved the health and well-being of the monkeys. It also profoundly affected the population by increasing survivorship and long-term fitness, decreasing the differences in survival rates among social groups, shifting the population's age distribution towards older individuals, and increasing reproductive value and life expectancy. These findings are significant because they demonstrate the long-term effects of eradicating a major cause of mortality at a single point in time on survival, reproduction, and overall demography of a naturalistic population of primates.
Assuntos
Demografia , Expectativa de Vida , Macaca mulatta/imunologia , Doenças dos Macacos/prevenção & controle , Tétano/prevenção & controle , Animais , Feminino , Tábuas de Vida , Masculino , Doenças dos Macacos/imunologia , Porto Rico , Reprodução/fisiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tétano/veterinária , Toxoide Tetânico/imunologia , Tempo , VacinaçãoRESUMO
O citomegalovírus (CMV) é uma zoonose oportunista de primatas do gênero Macaca imunocomprometidos e representa uma importante variável na interferência dos resultados experimentais das pesquisas realizadas em primatas infectados por este agente. Tendo em vista que o CMV é uma das principais viroses capaz de acarretar infecções congênitas e problemas reprodutivos, o presente estudo teve o objetivo de traçar o perfil sorológico de uma colônia de criação de macacos rhesus destinados à pesquisa biomédica, analisando a dinâmica comportamental deste vírus endêmico na população animal. Um total de 272 amostras sorológicas foram analisadas pelo teste de ELISA para detecção de anticorpos IgG anti-RhCMV. A soroprevalência da criação estudada foi de 95%, com elevado percentual de anticorpos em todas as faixas etárias. Com exceção dos juvenis (62% de machos positivos e 74% de fêmeas positivas), 100% de soropositividade foi detectada nas outras idades. Além disso, nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada na prevalência entre os sexos. Os resultados fornecem subsídios importantes para investigar fatores que podem interferir nos índices reprodutivos da colônia, bem como para direcionar condutas futuras no manejo animal, a fim de prevenir esta zoonose e conseqüentemente, obter animais de melhor qualidade nas pesquisas biomédicas. (AU)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an opportunistic zoonosis of immunocompromised macaques and represents an important confounding variable for researches using this simian gender. Since CMV is one of the main viruses capable of leading to congenital infections and reproductive problems, the present study aimed to describe the serological profile of a breeding colony of rhesus monkeys used for biomedical research, analyzing the behavioral dynamics of this endemic virus in this animal population. A total of 272 serum samples were analyzed by ELISA for detection of anti-RhCMV IgG antibodies. Seroprevalence of the study colony was 95%, with a high percentage of antibodies in all age groups. With the exception of juvenile animals (62% of positive males and 74% of positive females), 100 % of seropositivity was detected in the other ages. Furthermore, no significant difference was found in the prevalence between sex. Results provide important insights to investigate factors that may interfere with the reproductive rates of the colony, as well as to guide future conduct in animal handling, in order to avoid this zoonosis and consequently obtaint better quality animals for biomedical research. (AU)