RESUMO

RESUMEN Los suelos degradados y sin plantas de la Mixteca Alta de Oaxaca (México) fueron, por un largo tiempo, como el paisaje habitual de la región; sin embargo, la organización de los campesinos y las intervenciones de los programas de reforestación configuraron un nuevo paisaje con bosques. Desde 1935, la Mixteca Alta experimenta reforestaciones en su territorio, lo que originó una paulatina mejoría del paisaje. Para estudiar esta transformación, se aplicó una metodología cualitativa, la cual, se apoyó en la planeación de escenarios y de entrevistas semiestructuradas con las autoridades comunales. Los resultados muestran que los entrevistados perciben a las forestaciones como el factor que cambió su paisaje y, al mismo tiempo, identifican los servicios ecosistémicos que les brindan, como un clima local más agradable, la aparición de pequeños arroyos y fauna silvestre. Los resultados del estudio muestran la intención que tienen los entrevistados para hacer uso y aprovechamiento de las plantaciones.

ABSTRACT The degraded and deforested soils of the Mixteca Alta of Oaxaca (Mexico) were for a long time the usual landscape of the region. However, the organization of the farmers and the interventions of reforestation programs configured a new forested landscape. Since 1935, the Mixteca Alta has been subject to reforestation processes in its territory, which has led to a gradual improvement of the landscape. To study this transformation, a qualitative methodology was applied, based on scenario planning and semi-structured interviews with community authorities. The results show that the interviewees perceive the forestations as the factor that changed their landscape and at the same time identify the ecosystem services they provide, such as a more pleasant local climate, the appearance of small streams and wildlife. The results of the study show the intention of the interviewees to use and take advantage of the plantations.

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Vital for human consumption, water is a scarce resource, particularly in the arid environments of Patagonia. In this study we analysed local perspectives and the use of different water sources, based on two case studies in rural communities of Mapuche and Creole ancestry inhabiting extra-Andean Patagonia in Chubut, Argentina. Water quality was evaluated using an ethnolimnological, interdisciplinary approach, taking into account local perspectives and scientific contributions. In addition, we analysed appropriation strategies, management and local organoleptic characteristics. The work was based on semi-structured interviews, tours guided by informants, and physicochemical and microbiological analysis of water sources. It was found that 92% of local inhabitants mainly used superficial and subterranean sources of water for consumption, among which stood out: river, streams, springs, wells, and boreholes. Differences were observed between local and scientific perspectives in terms of water quality (chemical and microbiological). Most water sources used by inhabitants presented water of deficient quality for human consumption (61%), whereas locals considered the water to be fresh, delicious, and transparent. Nevertheless, some points of agreement were found in terms of organoleptic characteristics (e.g., odour, colour) and physicochemical parameters in certain water sources. In general, locals do not recognise the deterioration of their water supply, but the importance of organoleptic characteristics in local perception should be highlighted. These aspects speak of a need to promote opportunities for dialogue, and implement effective health measures, taking local perspectives into account.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The Usumacinta floodplain is an exceptional area for biodiversity with important ecosystem services for local people. The main objective of this paper was to estimate reference values and define local perceptions of ecosystem services provided by wetlands and overlapping them with spatially explicit socioeconomic and biodiversity indicators. We used the Usumacinta floodplain as an example of a territory where high dependence of rural people on ecosystem services is confronted with development projects that threat the flow of ecosystem services, thus affecting rural people well-being. With a combination of data from remote sensing, global databases of ecosystem service values, local perception of ecosystem services and socioeconomic and biodiversity richness indicators in a spatially explicit framework, we develop a policy-oriented approach for rapid assessment to manage wetlands and maintain people's livelihoods. Regulating and provisioning services are identified as the most relevant ecosystem services in terms of their monetary value and local perceived importance. In a spatially explicit manner, this approach highlights the most valuable wetlands and identifies rural societies that are highly dependent on ecosystem services. Our approach can be replicated elsewhere and could provide valuable information for policymakers to design policies that can contribute to conserve wetland ecosystems where under threat of development.

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Artisanal fishing is an important traditional activity on the coast of Espírito Santo (ES) State, southeastern Brazil. Despite this, there is a lack of updated data on artisanal fishing and its interfaces with socioenvironmental oceanography. The present study describes the social profile of fishers (gender, age, education, and period of professional activity) and the fishing activity (fishing gear and target species) along the coast of Espírito Santo State. Interviews with semi-structured questionnaires were carried out with 366 artisanal fishers living in 10 fishing communities. The interviewed fishers are mostly male, with low education, who had been fishing for more than 41 years (32%). The fishers described 59 target ethnospecies, with eight being common in 90% (n = 9) of the communities under study. These workers use the following fishing gear: line, longline, gillnet, trawl net, and harpoon. Socioenvironmental oceanography enables obtaining basic information on artisanal fishing, which can support the development of public policies for the sector with a view to maintaining this activity in Espírito Santo State.

A pesca artesanal constitui uma importante atividade tradicional no litoral do estado do Espírito Santo (ES), sudeste do Brasil. Apesar disso, existe uma carência de dados atualizados sobre a pesca artesanal e suas interfases com a Oceanografia Socioambiental. O presente estudo visa descrever o perfil social (sexo, idade, escolaridade e tempo de pesca) e a atividade pesqueira (petrecho de pesca e espécies-alvo) ao longo da costa do ES. Entrevistas com questionário semiestruturado foram realizadas com 366 pescadores artesanais residentes em 10 comunidades pesqueiras. Os pescadores entrevistados são em sua maioria homens, com baixa escolaridade, que praticam a pesca há mais de 41 anos (32%). Foram descritas 59 etnoespécies-alvo, sendo oito comuns em 90% (n = 9) das comunidades estudadas. Os petrechos de pesca utilizados são: espinhel, linha, rede de emalhe, rede de arrasto e arpão. Por meio da oceanografia socioambiental é possível a obtenção das informações básicas sobre a pesca artesanal que podem contribuir para a elaboração de políticas públicas voltadas ao setor a fim de promover a manutenção da atividade no estado ES.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Artisanal fishing is an important traditional activity on the coast of Espírito Santo (ES) State, southeastern Brazil. Despite this, there is a lack of updated data on artisanal fishing and its interfaces with socioenvironmental oceanography. The present study describes the social profile of fishers (gender, age, education, and period of professional activity) and the fishing activity (fishing gear and target species) along the coast of Espírito Santo State. Interviews with semi-structured questionnaires were carried out with 366 artisanal fishers living in 10 fishing communities. The interviewed fishers are mostly male, with low education, who had been fishing for more than 41 years (32%). The fishers described 59 target ethnospecies, with eight being common in 90% (n = 9) of the communities under study. These workers use the following fishing gear: line, longline, gillnet, trawl net, and harpoon. Socioenvironmental oceanography enables obtaining basic information on artisanal fishing, which can support the development of public policies for the sector with a view to maintaining this activity in Espírito Santo State.(AU)

A pesca artesanal constitui uma importante atividade tradicional no litoral do estado do Espírito Santo (ES), sudeste do Brasil. Apesar disso, existe uma carência de dados atualizados sobre a pesca artesanal e suas interfases com a Oceanografia Socioambiental. O presente estudo visa descrever o perfil social (sexo, idade, escolaridade e tempo de pesca) e a atividade pesqueira (petrecho de pesca e espécies-alvo) ao longo da costa do ES. Entrevistas com questionário semiestruturado foram realizadas com 366 pescadores artesanais residentes em 10 comunidades pesqueiras. Os pescadores entrevistados são em sua maioria homens, com baixa escolaridade, que praticam a pesca há mais de 41 anos (32%). Foram descritas 59 etnoespécies-alvo, sendo oito comuns em 90% (n = 9) das comunidades estudadas. Os petrechos de pesca utilizados são: espinhel, linha, rede de emalhe, rede de arrasto e arpão. Por meio da oceanografia socioambiental é possível a obtenção das informações básicas sobre a pesca artesanal que podem contribuir para a elaboração de políticas públicas voltadas ao setor a fim de promover a manutenção da atividade no estado ES.(AU)

Assuntos