RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The genetic groups of native donkeys in Brazil are characterized by adaptation to the local environment. However, the donkey population in the country is declining, mainly because of agricultural mechanization and transportation that has led to the abandonment and the consequent indiscriminate slaughter of these animals. There are three local genetic groups of distinct geographic and temporal formation. However, analyses of their origin, phylogenetic relationship, and population structure are scarce. Within this context, molecular markers such as the mitochondrial control region (D-loop) are useful for these analyses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study aimed to evaluate the variation and origin of maternal lineages of groups of naturalized donkeys in Brazil (Brazilian, Nordestino, and Pêga). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: We detected five mitochondrial haplotypes with 19 polymorphic sites, two of them exclusively found in the Nordestino donkey; this group is in fact more distant from the others. Phylogenetic analysis indicates maternal contributions of two clades (Nubian and Somali) to the formation of the genetic groups of donkeys, a fact that explains the high diversity, structure, and distances of the groups, reported here for the first time. CONCLUSION : This analysis contributes production and conservation of native donkey breeds. It also gives clues about the formation of the Iberian breeds from which Brazilian donkeys originated.
Assuntos
DNA Mitocondrial , Equidae , Animais , Brasil , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Equidae/genética , Haplótipos , FilogeniaRESUMO
The study of how different breeds adapt to heat stress and the further understanding of mechanisms underlying pigs thermotolerance is of utmost importance to attenuate the negative effects of heat stress on pigs welfare, physiology, and performance. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the effects of ambient temperature on performance and thermoregulatory responses of Piau purebred pigs. The Brazilian native pig breed Piau is a fat-type breed characterized by adaptability and resistance to diseases. To achieve our goal, Piau purebred pigs (65 kg initial BW) were allocated to one of the two constant ambient temperature conditions: thermoneutral (22 °C; n = 11) and heat stress (30 °C; n = 11). The experimental period lasted 15 days (days 1 to 15). Pigs were individually weighed at the beginning and end of the experimental period. Body and rectal temperatures, respiratory rate and blood indicators of stress and metabolism were measured throughout the experiment. Piau purebred pigs exposed to 30 °C had lower (p < 0.05) feed intake, body weight gain and final body weight than pigs at 22 °C. Feed conversion rate was not affected (p > 0.05) by ambient temperature. Irrespective of ambient temperature, pigs had similar (p > 0.05) backfat thickness and loin eye area. Piau pigs at 30 °C had increased (p < 0.05) nape, dorsal, flank, and rectal temperatures and increased respiratory rate than their counterparts reared at 22 °C. In summary, our results show that Piau purebred pigs acclimation to 30 °C of ambient temperature is characterized by increased body skin temperature to optimize sensible heat loss to the environment; increased respiratory rate to promote latent heat loss; and by a concomitant reduced voluntary feed intake to reduce heat production associated with digestion and metabolic processes with negative effects on body weight gain.
Assuntos
Regulação da Temperatura Corporal , Resposta ao Choque Térmico , Sus scrofa/fisiologia , Animais , Masculino , Sus scrofa/sangue , TermometriaRESUMO
Susceptibility to diseases is inherited and can be transmitted between populations. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in genes related to immune response is associated with diseases in cattle. This study investigated SNPs in the genomic region of cytokines in 702 samples of Curraleiro Pé-Duro cattle and associated them with the occurrence of antibodies in brucellosis, leptospirosis, neosporosis, leukosis, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), and bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) tests. DNA samples were evaluated by the kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) method to identify polymorphisms. The gametic phase and SNP haplotypes were determined with the help of PHASE 2.1.1 software. Haplotypes were associated with serological results against Brucella abortus, Leptospira sp., Neospora caninum, leukosis, infectious rhinotracheitis, and BVD using univariate analysis followed by logistic regression. Haplotype 2 of TLR2 was present in 70% of the animals that tested positive for N. caninum infection. Haplotypes of TLR10 and TLR6 and IL10RA were more common in seronegative animals. Haplotypes related to the gene IL10RA were associated with animals negative to all infections. Curraleiro Pé-Duro cattle presented polymorphisms related to resistance to bacterial, viral, and N. caninum infections.
Assuntos
Infecções Bacterianas/genética , Doenças dos Bovinos/genética , Coccidiose/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Animais , Infecções Bacterianas/veterinária , Bovinos/genética , Coccidiose/veterinária , Citocinas/genética , Subunidade beta de Receptor de Interleucina-10/genética , Receptor 2 Toll-Like/genéticaRESUMO
Araucana creole sheep are a local animal genetic resource adapted to environmental conditions in rural production systems in southern Chile. The aim of the present study was to analyze the milk yield and composition of Araucana creole ewe's milk from ewes maintained in a traditional grazing system of natural pastures. Twenty healthy single-bearing Araucana creole ewes were selected immediately after lambing (body condition score (BCS) of 2.8 ± 0.2, ewe weight (EW) of 62 ± 3.5 kg, and age of 3.8 ± 0.7 years). BCS, EW, and lamb weights were determined. Milk samples were obtained using the oxytocin technique at 10 days postpartum and then twice a month during the lactation stage (90 days). Protein, fat, lactose, total solids (TS), solid non-fat (SNF), urea contents, and fatty acid (FA) composition were analyzed. The Araucana ewe's milk yield was lower than that of other dairy sheep but was higher than that of meat breeds. The milk fat had a higher content of oleic acid in the early lactation period, which decreased slowly according to the progress of lactation. The increase in oleic acid improved the milk health indexes during this period and thus provided a healthier milk product for human consumption than later in lactation. During lactation, higher conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) levels were obtained only at day 60. Our research suggests that Araucana creole sheep can provide high-quality milk during early lactation, which is rich in oleic acid and represents an alternative for the production of dairy products, improving the profitability of the productive systems of small-holder farmers in Chile.
RESUMO
This study represents a first attempt to rescue germplasm of a traditional domestic equine cited in early Iberian and South American literature as Curraleiro horse. As an effort to identify and possibly characterize this type of horse we accessed traditional knowledge in strategic rural areas. Most areas were configured by hinterland settlements founded by runaway slave communities from the sixteenth century. Twenty interviews were conducted and analyzed using classical Speech Content Analysis. As a result, five response categories were recognized: 1) Identification and location of Curraleiro horses; 2) Characterization of Curraleiro horses; 3) Historical aspects; 4) Curraleiro horse conservation prospects and 5) Sanitary and productive aspects of Curraleiro horse breeding. We concluded that although scarce, the Curraleiro horse, cited in literature, still exists and showed phenotypical features which allow fine discrimination from any officially recognized breed in Brazil. Our findings may open the door for the recognition of a genuine animal resource which could play a role in rural development for specific regions and traditional communities. Speech Content Analysis was effective for in loco identification and characterization of rare traditional livestock. Thus, we encourage the usage of this tool as an alternative to subsidize identification and genetic conservation programs worldwide.(AU)
Esse estudo representa uma primeira tentativa de resgate de germoplasma em um equino doméstico tradicional citado em literatura precoce Iberiana e Sul Americana como um cavalo Curraleiro. Num esforço de identificar e possivelmente caracterizar esse tipo de cavalo, acessamos conhecimento tradicional em diversas áreas rurais estratégicas. A maioria consistia em assentamentos rurais fundados por comunidades escravas foragidas no século dezesseis. Vinte entrevistas foram conduzidas e analisadas utilizando análise de conteúdo de discurso clássico. Como resultado, cinco categorias de resposta foram reconhecidas: 1) Identificação e localização de cavalos Curraleiros; 2) Caracterização de cavalos curraleiros; 3) Aspectos históricos, 4) Perspectivas de conservação, e 5) Aspectos sanitários e produtivos da criação de cavalos Curraleiros. Concluímos que, apesar de escasso, o cavalo Curraleiro, citado na literatura, ainda existe e apresenta características fenotípicas que permitem discriminação de raças oficialmente reconhecidas no Brasil. Nossos achados podem abrir alas para o reconhecimento de um recurso animal genuíno que pode ter um papel no desenvolvimento rural em regiões específicas e comunidades tradicionais. Análise de conteúdo de discurso foi eficaz para identificação e caracterização in loco de criação tradicional rara. Desta forma, encorajamos o uso dessa ferramenta como alternativa para subsídio de identificação e programas de conservação genética ao redor do mundo.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ecótipo , Cavalos/genética , População RuralRESUMO
This study represents a first attempt to rescue germplasm of a traditional domestic equine cited in early Iberian and South American literature as Curraleiro horse. As an effort to identify and possibly characterize this type of horse we accessed traditional knowledge in strategic rural areas. Most areas were configured by hinterland settlements founded by runaway slave communities from the sixteenth century. Twenty interviews were conducted and analyzed using classical Speech Content Analysis. As a result, five response categories were recognized: 1) Identification and location of Curraleiro horses; 2) Characterization of Curraleiro horses; 3) Historical aspects; 4) Curraleiro horse conservation prospects and 5) Sanitary and productive aspects of Curraleiro horse breeding. We concluded that although scarce, the Curraleiro horse, cited in literature, still exists and showed phenotypical features which allow fine discrimination from any officially recognized breed in Brazil. Our findings may open the door for the recognition of a genuine animal resource which could play a role in rural development for specific regions and traditional communities. Speech Content Analysis was effective for in loco identification and characterization of rare traditional livestock. Thus, we encourage the usage of this tool as an alternative to subsidize identification and genetic conservation programs worldwide.(AU)
Esse estudo representa uma primeira tentativa de resgate de germoplasma em um equino doméstico tradicional citado em literatura precoce Iberiana e Sul Americana como um cavalo Curraleiro. Num esforço de identificar e possivelmente caracterizar esse tipo de cavalo, acessamos conhecimento tradicional em diversas áreas rurais estratégicas. A maioria consistia em assentamentos rurais fundados por comunidades escravas foragidas no século dezesseis. Vinte entrevistas foram conduzidas e analisadas utilizando análise de conteúdo de discurso clássico. Como resultado, cinco categorias de resposta foram reconhecidas: 1) Identificação e localização de cavalos Curraleiros; 2) Caracterização de cavalos curraleiros; 3) Aspectos históricos, 4) Perspectivas de conservação, e 5) Aspectos sanitários e produtivos da criação de cavalos Curraleiros. Concluímos que, apesar de escasso, o cavalo Curraleiro, citado na literatura, ainda existe e apresenta características fenotípicas que permitem discriminação de raças oficialmente reconhecidas no Brasil. Nossos achados podem abrir alas para o reconhecimento de um recurso animal genuíno que pode ter um papel no desenvolvimento rural em regiões específicas e comunidades tradicionais. Análise de conteúdo de discurso foi eficaz para identificação e caracterização in loco de criação tradicional rara. Desta forma, encorajamos o uso dessa ferramenta como alternativa para subsídio de identificação e programas de conservação genética ao redor do mundo.(AU)
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Animais , Ecótipo , Cavalos/genética , População RuralRESUMO
This work aimed to evaluate the quantitative parameters of fresh and thawed sperm of Canindé goats in theState of Piauí. Ten sperm samples were collected, using artificial vagina, from four goats at reproductive age. Eachejaculate was evaluated for volume, sperm concentration, mass motility, total and progressive motility, percentage ofmotile spermatozoa and vigor, for further dilution in ACP-101. Then, the sperm was filled in 0.25 mL straws,cryopreserved using the TK3000 machine and stored in nitrogen cylinders at -196 °C, for further analysis at SCA. Thesperm parameters were submitted to the T test for comparison between the fresh and thawed groups. The values forfresh sperm relative to total and progressive motility, vigor and sperm viability were higher (P < 0.05) whencompared to thawed, although both fresh and thawed sperm of these animals could be used in programs of artificial insemination (IA).(AU)
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Animais , Masculino , Ruminantes/embriologia , Ruminantes/fisiologia , Criopreservação/métodos , Criopreservação/veterináriaRESUMO
This work aimed to evaluate the quantitative parameters of fresh and thawed sperm of Canindé goats in theState of Piauí. Ten sperm samples were collected, using artificial vagina, from four goats at reproductive age. Eachejaculate was evaluated for volume, sperm concentration, mass motility, total and progressive motility, percentage ofmotile spermatozoa and vigor, for further dilution in ACP-101. Then, the sperm was filled in 0.25 mL straws,cryopreserved using the TK3000 machine and stored in nitrogen cylinders at -196 °C, for further analysis at SCA. Thesperm parameters were submitted to the T test for comparison between the fresh and thawed groups. The values forfresh sperm relative to total and progressive motility, vigor and sperm viability were higher (P < 0.05) whencompared to thawed, although both fresh and thawed sperm of these animals could be used in programs of artificial insemination (IA).
Assuntos
Masculino , Animais , Criopreservação/métodos , Criopreservação/veterinária , Ruminantes/embriologia , Ruminantes/fisiologiaRESUMO
Analisaram-se medidas lineares e índices morfométricos de conformação, capacidade produtiva de leite e carne e etnológico, em 14 exemplares de novilhas da raça Pantaneira, criadas em sistema de pastejo rotacionado de Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia, no Núcleo de Bovinos Pantaneiros de Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul. As novilhas apresentaram peso médio de 375,00±9,95 kg. À análise dos índices evidenciou capacidade produtiva e de condição corporal equilibrada, pequeno desenvolvimento de pernas, perfil longilíneo, moderada habilidade de produção de carne, todavia, com maiores aptidões em funcionalidade leiteira do que para deposição de musculatura. Os índices da região pélvica apresentaram boa proporção, indicando pélvis um pouco mais larga do que comprida, com tendência intermediária para o desenvolvimento de tecido muscular na região dos cortes nobres. Considerando apenas os índices zootécnicos analisados, conclui-se que as novilhas Pantaneiras apresentam estrutura corporal pequena, o que pode contribuir para menores índices produtivos, pois na maioria dos casos as representações das aptidões foram intermediarias entre funcionalidade leiteira e deposição de carne.
Were analyzed linear measurements and indices morphometric of conformation, milk and meat productive capacity and ethnological in 14 heifers of Pantaneira breed created in rotational grazing system of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania at the Núcleo de Bovinos Pantaneiros de Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul / Brazil. The heifers had a mean weight of 375.00±9.95 kg. The analysis of the indices showed productive capacity and body condition balanced, lower leg development, profile longilineal, moderate ability to meat production, however, with higher aptitudes in functionality dairy than for muscles deposition. The contents of the pelvis showed a good ratio, indicating pelvis somewhat wider than long, with intermediate trend for the development of muscle tissue in the region of prime meat. Considering only the analyzed zootechnical indices, we conclude that the heifers have low body frame, which may result in low production rates, since in most cases the representations of skills heifers were intermediate between functionality dairy and meat deposition.
Analizados los mediciones lineales y índices morfométricos de conformación, la capacidad de producción de leche y carne y etnológico, en el 14 ejemplares de novillas la raza Pantaneira, creado en el sistema de pastoreo rotacional de Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania, en Núcleo de Bovinos Pantaneiros de Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul / Brasil. Las vaquillas tuvieron un peso promedio de 375,00±9,95 kg. El análisis de los índices mostró la capacidad productiva y la condición corporal balanceada, desarrollo inferior de la pierna, el perfil espigado, capacidad moderada para la producción de carne, sin embargo, con mayores habilidades en la funcionalidad lechera que para deposición de músculos. El contenido de la pelvis mostraron una buena relación, lo que indica la pelvis un poco más ancha que larga con tendencia intermedia para el desarrollo del tejido muscular en la región de la carne de primera. Considerando solamente los índices zootécnicos analizados, llegamos a la conclusión que las novillas Pantaneiras tienen una estructura corporal pequeña, lo que puede contribuir a las tasas de producción más bajas, ya que en la mayoría de los casos las representaciones de las habilidades fueron intermedios entre la funcionalidad lechera y la deposición de carne.