RESUMO
For safety reasons, European regulations prohibit the use of a long list of metal(loid)s as ingredients of cosmetic products. However, their presence as impurities in finished products is virtually unavoidable, even under GMP conditions. This study aimed at determining the elemental profile of lipsticks available in the Portuguese and Brazilian markets. A total of 96 lipsticks were purchased in Brazil (nâ¯=â¯53; 9 brands) and Portugal (nâ¯=â¯43; 7 brands) and the content of 44 elements was determined. Results ranged from <1⯵g/g to several tens of µg/g (e.g., Sn, Mn, Zn). Significant differences were found between Portuguese and Brazilian products for several elements, particularly for Pb. For the elements of major toxicological concern (Pb, Cd, As, Sb, Hg), mean values were always below the current limits set by the German competent authority. However, a significant percentage of exceedances were observed for Pb (24%) and Cd (21%). A safety assessment was carried out for the toxicologically relevant elements. Results showed that, except for Pb, the systemic exposure resulting from lipstick use represents less than 0.2% (ca. 3% for Pb) of the respective permitted daily exposure even in the worst-case scenario (i.e., ingestion of the total amount of product applied).
Assuntos
Cosméticos/análise , Metais/análise , Brasil , Qualidade de Produtos para o Consumidor , Ingestão de Alimentos , Monitoramento Ambiental , Humanos , Portugal , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
A method was developed for determining the concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb in lipstick samples intended to be used by adults and children using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS) after treatment with dilute HNO3 and hot block. The combination of fractional factorial design and Desirability function was used to evaluate the ICP OES operational parameters and the regression models using Central Composite and Doehlert designs were calculated to stablish the best working condition for all analytes. Seventeen lipstick samples manufactured in different countries with different colors and brands were analyzed. Some samples contained high concentrations of toxic elements, such as Cr and Pb, which are carcinogenic and cause allergic and eczematous dermatitis. The maximum concentration detected was higher than the permissible safe limits for human use, and the samples containing these high metal concentrations were intended for use by children. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used as a chemometrics tool for exploratory analysis to observe the similarities between samples relative to the metal concentrations (a correlation between Cd and Pb was observed).
Assuntos
Cosméticos/química , Poluentes Ambientais/análise , Grafite/química , Informática/métodos , Metais Pesados/análise , Espectrofotometria Atômica/métodos , Adulto , Cádmio/análise , Cádmio/química , Criança , Cromo/análise , Cromo/química , Cobalto/análise , Cobalto/química , Cobre/análise , Cobre/química , Poluentes Ambientais/química , Humanos , Chumbo/análise , Chumbo/química , Metais Pesados/química , Níquel/análise , Níquel/química , Ácido Nítrico/químicaRESUMO
Neste trabalho foi descrito um método simples para identificação de corantes em batons, por cromatografia em papel, utilizando vários solventes, a fim de estabelecer os R" cor em luz natural e fluorescência em luz ultravioleta (AU).
In this work, a simple method for identifying dyes in lipsticks was described by paper chromatography, using various solvents, in order to establish the R" color in natural light and fluorescence in ultraviolet light (AU).