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Introduction: Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1-DS) is a neurological disorder caused by mutations in the SLC2A1 gene. The main treatment is ketogenic diet therapy (KDT), which changes the brain's energy substrate from glucose to ketone bodies. The diet controls seizures, but there may be side effects such as dyslipidemia. This study aimed to describe the type of fats ingested by the Chilean cohort of patients with GLUT1-DS and analyze for alterations in the lipid profile. Methods: A GLUT1-DS group and a control group were formed, each with 13 subjects who were matched by age, gender, and nutritional status. Anthropometry, dietary intake, including types of fat, and blood tests were evaluated (lipid and liver profile, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels). Results: A high-fat diet, especially saturated fat, was identified in the GLUT1-DS group (38% of total calories), with the use of medium-chain triglycerides (17% of total calories). In addition, GLUT1-DS participants had a higher intake of monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fats and adequate consumption of omega-3 (2% of total calories). Despite the GLUT1-DS group receiving on average 80% of its total energy as fats, it is important to highlight that 50% are MUFA+PUFA fats, there were no significant differences in the lipid and liver profile compared to the control group. Conclusion: KDT did not negatively impact lipid profile, despite a high intake of fats. It is important to monitor lipid profiles, in a personalized and constant manner, to prevent future nutritional risks.

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INTRODUCTION: Down syndrome (DS) is associated with various congenital anomalies and metabolic alterations, such as dyslipidemias, that can lead to cardiovascular disease in adulthood. This study was designed to describe the lipid concentrations and the frequency of dyslipidemias in children with DS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample included 386 patients, 52.4% male. The study was carried out on children with DS, aged 2-18 years old, who were patients at the Mexican National Institute of Pediatrics between May 2016 and June 2017. Their height and weight were recorded, and their serum cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were determined. RESULTS: Of the total patients included, 57.5% had some type of dyslipidemia, 32.6% isolated and 24.9% combined. The most common alteration, considering both isolated and combined dyslipidemias, was low HDL, in 45.9%, followed by hypertriglyceridemia, in 26.2%. Among those with combined dyslipidemia, high TG with low HDL-c was the most common, in 17.9%. A significant association was found between dyslipidemia and obesity, as well as between dyslipidemia and central obesity. The percentiles of lipid values are reported. CONCLUSION: The presence of an unfavorable lipid profile is common in pediatric patients with Down syndrome, especially low HDL cholesterol and high triglycerides.

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Sleep shortening during pregnancy may alter the mother's environment, affecting the offspring. Thus, the present study evaluated the metabolic profile of female offspring from sleep-restricted rats during the last week of pregnancy. Pregnant Wistar rats were distributed into two groups: control (C) and sleep restriction (SR). The SR was performed 20 h/day, from 14th to 20th day of pregnancy. At 2 months, half of the offspring were subjected to ovariectomy (OVX); the others, to sham surgery. Studied groups were Csham, Covx, SRsham and SRovx. Cholesterol (HDL, LDL and C-total), triglycerides (TG) and glucose and insulin tolerance tests (GTT-ITT) were evaluated at 8 months. RSsham presented higher values of TG, while SRovx presented higher TG, LDL and C-total. Basal glucose concentration was increased in SRsham and SRovx. These data suggest that SR during pregnancy may be a risk factor for the development of diseases in adult female offspring.

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The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oral hormone therapy (HT) on oxidative stress (OS) in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome (MetS). A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial was carried out. We formed four groups of 25 women each; healthy (HW) and MetS women (MSW) were assigned to HT (1 mg/day of estradiol valerate plus 5 mg/10 day of medroxiprogesterone) or placebo. We measured plasma lipoperoxides, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, total plasma antioxidant status and uric acid, as OS markers. Alternative cut-off values of each parameter were defined and a stress score (SS) ranging from 0 to 7 was used as total OS. MetS was defined according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII) criteria. Participants were seen at baseline, 3 and 6 months. After 6 months, MetS decreased in MSW-HT (48%), their triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) improved; in the other groups no difference was found. SS in MSW-HT decreased (3.8 ± 0.3 to 1.7 ± 0.3, p < 0.05) and OS was also reduced (44%), this effect was evident since 3 mo. HW-HT with high OS also decreased (40%). In placebo groups there was no change. Our findings suggest that HT improve lipids and OS associated to MetS in postmenopausal women.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A obesidade na adolescência é um fator preditivo da obesidade no adulto. A prevalência em crianças e adolescentes tem aumentado na maior parte dos países e tem-se traduzido em um dos mais significativos problemas nutricionais da atualidade. OBJETIVOS: Este estudo teve por objetivo verificar os perfis antropométrico, lipídico e glicêmico em adolescentes de baixo nível socioeconômico de uma instituição filantrópica no noroeste do Paraná. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: A população estudada foi composta por 92 adolescentes, com idade entre 10 e 17 anos. Foi utilizado o índice de massa corporal (IMC) para verificar o estado nutricional dos adolescentes, considerando normal 24,9 kg/m² e sobrepeso > 25 kg/m². A razão cintura-quadril (RCQ) foi mensurada por meio do quociente da cintura pelo quadril, e as concentrações de glicose, triglicerídeos, colesterol total, frações HDL-C, LDL-C e VLDL-C foram determinadas segundo o método enzimático colorimétrico. RESULTADOS: Encontraram-se 9,79 por cento de sobrepeso nos adolescentes e 9,78 por cento de RCQ e colesterol inadequados para a idade. Baixa correlação foi encontrada entre IMC e sobrepeso, glicemia, hipercolesterolemia, hipertrigliceridemia, LDL-C, VLDL-C e HDL-C, enquanto idade (razão de chance [RC] = 49,16) e RCQ (RC = 13,99) apresentaram correlação significativa (p < 0,05) com IMC. CONCLUSÃO: O resultado demonstra a necessidade de políticas públicas de saúde no âmbito escolar como fator preventivo da obesidade e seus fatores de risco.

INTRODUCTION: Obesity in adolescence is a predictive factor of obesity in adulthood. The prevalence in children and adolescents has increased in most countries and has become one of the most significant nutritional problems nowadays. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at verifying the anthropometric, lipid and glycemic profiles in lower class adolescents from a philanthropic institution located in the Northeast of Paraná State. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The studied population consisted of 92 adolescents, from 10 to 17 years of age. The Body Mass Index (BMI) was used to verify their nutritional status, considering < 24.9 kg/m² normal and > 25 kg/m² overweight. The waist-to-hip measurement was calculated through waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and glucose concentrations, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c and VLDL-c fractions were determined through enzymatic methods. RESULTS: 9.79 percent were overweight and 9.78 percent of WHR and cholesterol levels were inadequate to the age group. BMI (overweight), blood glucose, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, LDL-c, VLDL-c and HDL-c showed low correlation, whereas age (OR = 49.16) and WHR (OR = 13.99) showed significant correlation p < 0.05. CONCLUSION: The result evidenced the necessity of health public policies in educational scope in order to prevent obesity and its risks factors in adolescence.

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