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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1276727.].

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Introduction: The phenomenal expansion of angiosperms has prompted many investigations into the factors driving their diversification, but there remain significant gaps in our understanding of flowering plant species diversity. Methods: Using the crown age of families from five studies, we used a maximum likelihood approach to classify families as having poor, predicted or high species richness (SR) using strict consensus criteria. Using these categories, we looked for associations between family SR and i) the presence of an inferred familial ancestral polyploidization event, ii) 23 life history and floral traits compiled from previously published datasets and papers, and iii) sexual system (dioecy) or genetically determined self-incompatibility (SI) mating system using an updated version of our own database and iv) geographic distribution using a new database describing the global distribution of plant species/families across realms and biomes and inferred range. Results: We find that more than a third of angiosperm families (65%) had predicted SR, a large proportion (30.2%) were species poor, while few (4.8%) had high SR. Families with poor SR were less likely to have undergone an ancestral polyploidization event, exhibited deficits in diverse traits, and were more likely to have unknown breeding systems and to be found in only one or few biomes and realms, especially the Afrotropics or Australasia. On the other hand, families with high SR were more likely to have animal mediated pollination or dispersal, are enriched for epiphytes and taxa with an annual life history, and were more likely to harbour sporophytic SI systems. Mapping the global distribution of georeferenced taxa by their family DR, we find evidence of regions dominated by taxa from lineages with high vs low SR. Discussion: These results are discussed within the context of the literature describing "depauperons" and the factors contributing to low and high biodiversity in angiosperm clades.

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We provide the first evidence for hemoparasites in the endemic Cordoba treefrog Boana cordobae. We collected 37 adult frogs at 1200 m a.s.l. in the Comechingones Mountains in the Córdoba province (Argentina). Each individual was sexed, then snout-vent length and body mass were recorded, a toe was collected for skeletochronological age determination, and a slide with a blood smear was prepared for hemoparasite screening, before releasing the frogs in situ. A total of 81% (n = 30) of the frogs were infected by hemogregarines and trypanosomes with a high intensity of infections. Dactylosoma was found for the first time in Argentina. Hemoparasites had no significant effect on the leukocyte profile, which we assessed from the May-Grünwald-Giemsa-stained blood smears. The neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio, indicative of stress, was insignificantly higher (0.06) in parasitized frogs than in parasite-free individuals (0.04). Infected frogs were larger than the controls, but this effect vanished when correcting size data for age. Young frogs (first-breeders) dominated the age distribution of parasite-free individuals, suggesting that infection of frogs takes usually place after sexual maturation. Vectors transmitting hemoparasites to B. cordobae remain to be identified. We demonstrate that moderate to high intensities of hemoparasites do not significantly affect the cellular immune response of B. cordobae, or any of the life-history traits studied, nor did they show any external sign of disease.

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Fundamento: Hans Hugo Bruno Selye, fisiólogo y médico austrohúngaro nació el 26 de enero de 1907, posteriormente se naturalizó canadiense, este hombre que vivió 75 años y llegó a ser director del Instituto de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental de la Universidad de Montreal, Canadá, hasta su retiro en 1970. Falleció en 1982, en esa misma ciudad. Objetivo: Describir la vida y obra del ilustre académico Hans Hugo Bruno Selye y la historia del estrés como hito en la historia de la Medicina moderna. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de corte histórico donde se utilizaron métodos teóricos como el análisis documental y el histórico-lógico. Desarrollo: El doctor empezó a desarrollar su famosa teoría acerca de la influencia del estrés en la capacidad de las personas para enfrenarse o amoldarse a las consecuencias de lesiones o enfermedades en el segundo año de sus estudios de Medicina (1926). Esta investigación le permitió descubrir que los pacientes con variedad de dolencias manifestaban síntomas similares, los cuales podían ser atribuidos a los esfuerzos del organismo para responder a esta condición de estar enfermo. Él llamó a este conjunto de síntomas síndrome del estrés o síndrome de adaptación general (GAS). Conclusiones: Este médico es una de las personalidades más importantes de la historia de la Medicina; su teoría del estrés proporcionó un marco conceptual transcendental para cuestiones posteriores de los mecanismos y manifestaciones de las reacciones del mismo.

Background: Hans Hugo Bruno Selye, Austro-Hungarian physiologist and physician, born January 26, 1907, later naturalized Canadian citizen, this man who lived 75 years and became the Director of Experimental Medicine and Surgery Institute of Montreal University in Canada, until his retirement in 1970. He passed away in 1982, in the same city. Objective: Describe the life and achievements of the distinguished academic Hans Hugo Bruno Selye and the history of stress as a milestone in modern medical history. Methodology: A historical retrospective study was conducted using theoretical methods such as documental and historical-logical analysis. Methodology: The doctor began to build his famous theory about the influence of stress on the ability of persons to cope or adjust to the injury or illness consequences in the second year of his medical studies (1926). He discovered with this investigation that patients with a variety of ailments exhibited similar symptoms, which could be attributed to the organism efforts to respond to the condition of being sick. He named this set of symptoms stress syndrome or general adaptation syndrome (GAS). Conclusions: This physician is one of the greatest personalities in medical history; his stress theory provided a transcendental conceptual framework for later issues of the mechanisms and manifestations for stress reactions.

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As primarily sessile organisms, plants often show a non-random spatial distribution of genotypes over distance. This process known as fine-scale spatial genetic structure (FSGS) has been suggested through systematic reviews to depend on life form, mating system, and pollen and seed dispersal vectors, while there is no consensus on its behaviour due to external factors, such as anthropogenic habitat changes. By conducting a systematic review and global meta-analysis of empirical FSGS studies, we aimed to evaluate how anthropogenic habitat fragmentation and degradation influence the strength of FSGS in plant populations by means of the Sp statistic. Moreover, we tested how pollination and seed dispersal vectors contribute to the variation of the Sp statistic. We retrieved 243 FSGS studies from 1960 to 2020 of which only 65 were informative for the systematic review. Most empirical studies comprised outcrossers (84%) and trees (67%), with few herbs (23%) and scarce annual species (2%). In weighted meta-analyses for 116 plant populations (31 studies), we did not detect significant effects in the magnitude of effect sizes for the Sp statistic among undisturbed, degraded and fragmented habitats. Results showed significant effects for seed dispersal vectors, but not for pollination. Overall, we observed high variation among the effect sizes (not related to the goodness-of-fit of mixed models) of habitat status, pollination and seed dispersal categories, which precludes identifying biological trends on the Sp statistic. More empirical studies are needed that contrast multiple plant populations in disturbed versus undisturbed habitats, and by increasing the taxonomic groups, such as herbs and annual plants.

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Bacterivore nematodes are the most abundant animals in the biosphere, largely contributing to global biogeochemistry. Thus, the effects of environmental microbes on the nematodes' life-history traits are likely to contribute to the general health of the biosphere. Caenorhabditis elegans is an excellent model to study the behavioral and physiological outputs of microbial diets. However, the effects of complex natural bacterial assemblies have only recently been reported, as most studies have been carried out with monoxenic cultures of laboratory-reared bacteria. Here, we quantified the physiological, phenotypic, and behavioral traits of C. elegans feeding on two bacteria that were coisolated with wild nematodes from a soil sample. These bacteria were identified as a putative novel species of Stenotrophomonas named Stenotrophomonas sp. strain Iso1 and a strain of Bacillus pumilus designated Iso2. The distinctive behaviors and developmental patterns observed in animals fed with individual isolates changed when bacteria were mixed. We studied in more depth the degeneration rate of the touch circuit of C. elegans and show that B. pumilus alone is protective, while the mix with Stenotrophomonas sp. is degenerative. The analysis of the metabolite contents of each isolate and their combination identified NAD+ as being potentially neuroprotective. In vivo supplementation shows that NAD+ restores neuroprotection to the mixes and also to individual nonprotective bacteria. Our results highlight the distinctive physiological effects of bacteria resembling native diets in a multicomponent scenario rather than using single isolates on nematodes. IMPORTANCE Do behavioral choices depend on animals' microbiota? To answer this question, we studied how different bacterial assemblies impact the life-history traits of the bacterivore nematode C. elegans using isolated bacteria found in association with wild nematodes in Chilean soil. We identified the first isolate, Iso1, as a novel species of Stenotrophomonas and isolate Iso2 as Bacillus pumilus. We find that worm traits such as food choice, pharyngeal pumping, and neuroprotection, among others, are dependent on the biota composition. For example, the neurodegeneration of the touch circuit needed to sense and escape from predators in the wild decreases when nematodes are fed on B. pumilus, while its coculture with Stenotrophomonas sp. eliminates neuroprotection. Using metabolomics analysis, we identify metabolites such as NAD+, present in B. pumilus yet lost in the mix, as being neuroprotective and validated their protective effects using in vivo experiments.

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Hormones are key factors in determining the response of organisms to their environment. For example, the juvenile hormone (JH) coordinates the insects' development, reproduction, and survival. However, it is still unclear how the impact of juvenile hormone on insect immunity varies depending on the sex and reproductive state of the individual, as well as the type of the immune challenge (i.e., Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria). We used Tenebrio molitor and methoprene, a JH analog (JHa) to explore these relationships. We tested the effect of methoprene on phenoloxidase activity (PO), an important component of humoral immunity in insects, and hemocyte number. Lyophilized Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus or Gram-negative Escherichia coli were injected for the immune challenge. The results suggest that JH did not affect the proPO, PO activity, or hemocyte number of larvae. JH and immune challenge affected the immune response and consequently, affected adult developmental stage and sex. We propose that the influence of JH on the immune response depends on age, sex, the immune response parameter, and the immune challenge, which may explain the contrasting results about the role of JH in the insect immune response.

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Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are applied in diverse industries due to their biocide and physicochemical properties; therefore, they can be released into aquatic systems, interact with environmental factors, and ultimately exert adverse effects on the biota. We analyzed AgNPs effects on Ceriodaphnia reticulata (Cladocera) through mortality and life-history traits, considering the influence of food (Tetradesmus obliquus, Chlorophyceae) presence and concentration. C. reticulata was exposed to AgNPs in acute (absence and two algae concentrations plus five AgNPs treatments) and chronic assays (two algae concentrations plus three AgNPs treatments). AgNPs did not affect algae flocculation but increased Ag+ release, being these ions less toxic than AgNPs (as proved by the exposure to AgNO3). A reduction in AgNPs acute toxicity was observed when algae concentration increased. Acute AgNP exposure decreased C. reticulata body size and heart rate. The chronic AgNP exposure reduced C. reticulata molt number, growth, heart rate, and neonate size:number ratio, being these effects mitigated at the highest algae concentration. Increases in relative size and number of neonates were observed in AgNP treatments suggesting energy trade off. The increased Ag+ release with food presence suggests that the AgNP-algae interaction might be responsible of the decreased toxicity. Although algae reduced AgNP toxicity, they still exerted adverse effects on C. reticulata below predicted environmental concentrations. Since algae presence reduces AgNP effects but increases Ag+ release, studies should be continued to provide evidence on their toxicity to other organisms.

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BACKGROUND: MON 87701 × MON 89788 × MON 87751 × MON 87708 soybean, that expresses Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, and Cry1Ac insecticidal proteins and confers tolerance to glyphosate and dicamba, is a potential tool for managing Spodoptera species in soybean fields in Brazil. In this study, we characterized the lethal and sub-lethal effects of Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2/Cry1Ac soybean against Spodoptera species and genotypes of Spodoptera frugiperda resistant and susceptible to Cry1 and Cry2 proteins. These evaluations were also conducted with MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean, which expresses Cry1Ac protein. RESULTS: Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2/Cry1Ac soybean caused high lethality in neonates of Spodoptera cosmioides and Spodoptera albula. However, it showed low lethality in S. frugiperda genotypes homozygous for resistance to Cry1 and Cry2 proteins but reduced their population growth potential. No relevant lethal effects of Cry1Ac soybean were detected in the Spodoptera species and genotypes evaluated. Spodoptera frugiperda genotypes heterozygous for Cry1 and Cry2 resistance were controlled by Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2/Cry1Ac soybean, with no insects developing into adults. This Bt soybean also caused intermediate mortality of neonates of Spodoptera eridania (60%-83%) but no surviving larvae developed to adulthood, resulting in population suppression. CONCLUSIONS: Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2/Cry1Ac soybean caused high mortality of S. cosmioides, S. albula, and S. frugiperda genotypes susceptible to Cry1 and Cry2 and heterozygous for Cry1 and Cry2 resistance. This Bt soybean also suppressed population growth of S. eridania but had minimal impact on S. frugiperda homozygous for resistance to Cry1 and Cry2 proteins. Cry1Ac soybean had minimal impact on all Spodoptera species and genotypes evaluated. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Fundamento: los años 1959 y 1960 fueron decisivos en las proyecciones y concreción del ideal médico social, como proceso iniciado, a establecerse en Cuba. Objetivo: identificar los aportes más relevantes del Dr. Serafín Ruiz de Zárate Ruiz, en su gestión como ministro de salud pública a la conformación del ideal médico social cubano en la década del sesenta del siglo XX. Métodos: se realizó una investigación documental de corte histórico en el año 2022. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos que permitieron analizar el objetivo de estudio, basado en la interacción de lo histórico y lo lógico y desde las dimensiones temporal y espacial; y empíricos: análisis de contenido y la consulta bibliográfica para procesar en conjunto el producto resultante, se empleó la triangulación para mejorar la validez y confiabilidad de los datos obtenidos. Resultados: la designación y actuación del Dr. Ruiz de Zárate frente al Ministerio de Salud Pública sentó las bases y logró avanzar, bajo una aguda lucha de clases, en el camino de modificar las condiciones higiénico-sanitarias de la población, posible solo por los cambios de concepciones médicas de lo asistencial curativo a lo social. Conclusiones: el Dr. Ruiz de Zárate en su gestión como ministro hizo relevantes aportes a la conformación del ideal médico social. Diversas y amplias fueron las acciones encaminadas para materializarlo, expresadas concretamente en políticas, leyes, planes, medidas, entre otras, que fueron superadas y fortalecidas con el mismo objetivo por el Dr. José Ramón Machado Ventura.

Background: the years 1959 and 1960 were decisive in the projections and concretion of the social medical ideal, as an initiated process, to be established in Cuba. Objective: to identify the most relevant contributions of MD. Serafín Ruiz de Zárate Ruiz, as Minister of Public Health, to the conformation of the Cuban social medical ideal in the sixties of the 20th century. Methods: a historical documentary research was carried out in the year 2022. Theoretical methods were applied that allowed us to analyze the objective of the study, based on the interaction of the historical and the logical and from the temporal and spatial dimensions; and empirical ones: content analysis and bibliographic consultation to jointly process the resulting product, sources contrasting was used to improve the validity and reliability of the data obtained. Results: the appointment and action of MD. Ruiz de Zárate in front of the Ministry of Public Health laid the foundations and managed to advance, under an acute class struggle, in the path of modifying the hygienic-sanitary conditions of the population, possible only because of the Changes in medical conceptions from curative care to social. Conclusions: MD. Ruiz de Zárate as minister of public health made relevant contributions to the conformation of the social medical ideal. Diverse and extensive were the actions aimed at materializing it, specifically expressed in policies, laws, plans, measures, among others, which were overcome and strengthened with the same objective by MD. José Ramón Machado Ventura.

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Climate change, particularly global warming, is disturbing biological processes in unexpected ways and forcing us to re-study/reanalyze the effects of varying temperatures, among them extreme ones, on insect functional traits such as lifespan and fecundity/fertility. Here we experimentally tested, under both laboratory and field conditions, the effects of an extreme range of temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, and 45 °C, and the naturally varying conditions experienced in the field), on survivorship/lifespan, fecundity, and fertility of four pestiferous fruit fly species exhibiting contrasting life histories and belonging to two phylogenetic groups within the genus Anastrepha: A. ludens, A. obliqua, A. striata, and A. serpentina. In the field, we also measured the length of the entire life cycle (egg to adult), and in one species (A. ludens), the effect on the latter of the host plant (mango and grapefruit). Under laboratory conditions, none of the adults, independent of species, could survive a single day when exposed to a constant temperature of 45 °C, but A. striata and A. serpentina females/males survived at the highly contrasting temperatures of 5 and 40 °C at least 7 days. Maximum longevity was achieved in all species at 15 °C (375, 225, 175 and 160 days in A. ludens, A. serpentina, A. striata and A. obliqua females, respectively). Anastrepha ludens layed many eggs until late in life (368 days) at 15 °C, but none eclosed. Eclosion was only observed in all species at 20 and 30 °C. Under natural conditions, flies lived ca. 100 days less than in the laboratory at 15 °C, likely due to the physiological cost of dealing with the highly varying environmental patterns over 24 h (minimum and maximum temperatures and relative humidity of ca. 10-40 °C, and 22-100%, respectively). In the case of A. ludens, the immature's developmental time was shorter in mango, but adult survival was longer than in grapefruit. We discuss our results considering the physiological processes regulating the traits measured and tie them to the increasing problem of global warming and its hidden effects on the physiology of insects, as well as the ecological and pest management implications.

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RESUMEN El artículo socializa resultados de la investigación sobre la historia de vida del enfermero empírico Félix Pedro Díaz Vázquez, "Perico" y su contribución, desde edad muy temprana, al desarrollo de los servicios de salud en su localidad, así como el influjo de su personalidad en el poblado. Se enmarca en el período comprendido desde 1930 a 1996; desde la perspectiva sociocultural brinda aportes sobre la asistencia médica a pobladores de la comunidad marinera Castillo de Jagua-Perché. Se realizaron análisis de documentos y entrevistas a personas que conocieron de su labor. Se comprobó que Félix Pedro Díaz Vázquez realizó importantes funciones brindando atención a la salud. El artículo proporciona una visión sociocultural para tratar figuras y procesos históricos locales, y aporta al conocimiento de un tema que resulta de interés general y para la historia de la enfermería en Cienfuegos.

ABSTRACT The article socializes the results of the research on the life history of the empirical nurse Félix Pedro Díaz Vázquez, "Perico" and his contribution, from a very early age, to the development of health services in his locality, as well as the influence of his personality. in the town. It is part of the period from 1930 to 1996; From a sociocultural perspective, it provides contributions on medical assistance to residents of the Castillo de Jagua-Perché seafaring community. Analysis of documents and interviews were carried out with people who knew about their work. It was found that Félix Pedro Díaz Vázquez performed important functions providing health care. The article provides a sociocultural vision to deal with local historical figures and processes, and contributes to the knowledge of a topic that is of general interest and for the history of nursing in Cienfuegos.

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BACKGROUND: In soybean fields containing insecticide- and herbicide-resistant genetically engineered varieties, some weed species have increasingly become difficult to manage and may favor the population growth of secondary pests like Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). To test this hypothesis, we measured life-history traits, population growth parameters and adult nutrient content of S. cosmioides reared on foliage from four Amaranthus species, from Cry1Ac Bt and non-Bt soybean varieties, and on meridic artificial diet. RESULTS: Larvae reared on A. palmeri and A. spinosus had a shorter development time (5-7 days) than larvae raised on the soybean varieties and A. hybridus. Armyworm survival probability was zero on A. viridis and highest (80% and 71%) on soybeans and A. palmeri. The latter and the artificial diet produced the heaviest larvae and pupae, in contrast to the non-Bt soybean variety. Body nutrient content diverged mostly for adults reared on artificial diet compared with those raised on the soybean varieties. The intrinsic rate of population increase (overall fitness) was 27.88% higher for the armyworms on A. palmeri, Cry1Ac Bt soybean and artificial diet compared with those on non-Bt soybean, A. spinosus and A. hybridus. CONCLUSIONS: Cry1Ac soybean fields infested by some Amaranthus weeds, especially A. palmeri, are conducive to the population growth of S. cosmioides. Integrated pest management programs may be needed to properly manage S. cosmioides in soybean fields, with surveillance for population peaks and judicious control measures when needed. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Objetivamos investigar a história de vida de uma idosa e observar se as práticas corporais e atividades físicas (PCAF) aparecem como fator de resistência. Foi conduzido um estudo qualitativo caracterizado como história de vida, com uma idosa de 78 anos de idade. A partir de uma entrevista em profundidade, aberta e nãoestruturada, produziram-se os dados que foram tratados com a análise de conteúdo. Identificamos fatores de resistência como sentido de vida, autoestima e assistência social. Variáveis como o ambiente familiar, a escola, a religião e o trabalho tiveram influência direta na aquisição de atitudes positivas para a saúde. As PCAF apareceram como meio para outras formatações como o caso da sociabilidade, do cuidado de si e da significação da vida. Elas ainda oportunizaram a autoestima, como um dos fatores de resistência frente às diversas pressões do meio e tendo interferência essencial para o contínuo saúdedoença.

We aimed to investigate the life history of an elderly woman and observe whether bodily practices and physical activities (BPPA) appear as a resistance factor. A qualitative study characterized as life history was conducted with a 78-year-old elderly woman. From an in-depth, open and unstructured interview, data were produced and treated with content analysis. We identified resistance factors such as meaning in life, self-esteem and social assistance. Variables such as family environment, school, religion and work had a direct influence on the acquisition of positive attitudes towards health. BPPA appeared as a means for other formats such as the case of sociability, self-care and the meaning of life. They also provided opportunities for self-esteem, as one of the resistance factors in the face of various pressures in the environment and having an essential interference for the continuous health-disease.

Nuestro objetivo fue investigar la historia de vida de una anciana y observar si las prácticas corporales y actividades físicas (PCAF) aparecen como un factor de resistencia. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo caracterizado como historia de vida, con una anciana de 78 años. A partir de una entrevista en profundidad, abierta y no estructurada, se generaron los datos, tratados con análisis de contenido. Identificamos factores de resistencia como el sentido de la vida, la autoestima y la asistencia social. Variables como el entorno familiar, la escuela, la religión y el trabajo influyeron directamente en la adquisición de actitudes positivas hacia la salud. Las PCAF aparecieron como un medio para otros formatos como el caso de la sociabilidad, el autocuidado y el sentido de la vida. También brindaron oportunidades para la autoestima, como uno de los factores de resistencia ante diversas presiones del entorno y presentandose como interferencia esencial para el continuo saludenfermedad.

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RESUMEN Entre los que dieron un aporte importante al desarrollo y enseñanza de la Radiología en Cuba, se destaca el doctor santaclareño Pedro Leandro Fariñas Mayo. Radiólogo eminente que dedicó su vida a la asistencia, investigación y docencia de esa especialidad. Múltiples sociedades científicas, colegios y academias del mundo lo hicieron miembro honorario. Publicó más de 100 artículos en revistas cubanas y extranjeras y llegó a ser miembro del cuerpo de redactores de la Revista Médica Cubana. Como reconocimiento, el ayuntamiento de su ciudad natal le entregó el título de Hijo Preclaro y Distinguido de la ciudad de Santa Clara. Es objetivo de los autores comunicar sobre su obra a fin de que las actuales generaciones de profesionales cubanos reconozcan su repercusión en la medicina cubana.

ABSTRACT Among those who made an important contribution to the development and teaching of Radiology in Cuba, Dr. Pedro Leandro Fariñas Mayo from Santa Clara stands out. Eminent radiologist who dedicated his life to assisting, researching and teaching this specialty. Multiple scientific societies, colleges and academies around the world made him an honorary member. He published more than 100 articles in Cuban and foreign journals and became a member of the editorial staff of the Cuban Medical Journal. In recognition, the city council of his hometown gave him the title of Prominent and Distinguished Son of the city of Santa Clara. It is the objective of the authors to communicate about his work so that current generations of Cuban professionals recognize its impact on Cuban medicine.

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RESUMEN Fundamento: el internacionalismo forma parte de las tradiciones patrióticas y revolucionarias que identifican la nación cubana. El contingente internacional de médicos especializados en situaciones de desastres y graves epidemias "Henry Reeve" constituye un ejemplo de solidaridad con los necesitados en el mundo. Objetivo: destacar la participación villaclareña en el contingente internacional de médicos especializados en situaciones de desastres y graves epidemias "Henry Reeve". Métodos: se realizó una investigación cualitativa de proyección histórica, con una perspectiva humanística en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, durante el período comprendido entre los años 2018 a 2021. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos, y empíricos: el análisis documental, entrevistas a informantes clave, y se recopilaron testimonios valiosos sobre los colaboradores. Resultados: fueron identificados los profesionales villaclareños que han formado parte del referido contingente teniendo en cuenta el sexo, color de la piel, especialidad, militancia, países donde han prestado ayuda, unidades de salud de procedencia y las características particulares de cada tipo de misión. Conclusiones: los profesionales de la salud contribuyen con su labor al reconocimiento y respeto internacional ganado por Cuba en materia de colaboración médica, como muestra de la esencia humanista del proceso revolucionario cubano y de las ideas de Fidel. Ellos son misioneros de la salud en aquellos lugares más humildes y golpeados por grandes catástrofes naturales, epidemias y otras calamidades que afectan a la humanidad.

ABSTRACT Background: internationalism is part of the patriotic and revolutionary traditions that identify the Cuban nation. The international contingent of doctors specialized in disaster situations and serious epidemics "Henry Reeve" is an example of solidarity with those in need in the world. Objective: to highlight the participation of Villa Clara in the international contingent of doctors specialized in disaster situations and serious epidemics "Henry Reeve". Methods: a qualitative research of historical projection was carried out, with a humanistic perspective at the Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences, during the period between 2018 and 2021. Theoretical and empirical methods were applied: documentary analysis, interviews with key informants, and valuable testimonials about the collaborators were collected. Results: professionals from Villa Clara who have been part of the aforementioned contingent were identified, taking into account sex, skin color, specialty, militancy, countries where they have provided assistance, health units of origin and the particular characteristics of each type of mission. Conclusions: health professionals contribute with their work to the international recognition and respect earned by Cuba in terms of medical collaboration, as a sign of the humanist essence of the Cuban revolutionary process and of Fidel's ideas. They are missionaries of health in those most humble places hit by great natural catastrophes, epidemics and other calamities that affect humanity.

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Este trabalho buscou investigar a carreira esportiva de mulheres atletas de voleibol sentado que participaram dos Jogos Paralímpicos Rio 2016, com o objetivo de reconhecer o percurso esportivo das atletas. É uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, de caráter exploratório e retrospectivo. A amostra foi composta por quatro atletas, foi utilizado questionário, entrevista semiestruturada, apoiados pelo uso de timeline. A análise dos dados foi realizada a partir da Análise Qualitativa do Conteúdo. Observamos que o esporte enquanto carreira aparece após a lesão física, como parte do processo de reabilitação. No entanto, há dupla carreira profissional para essas atletas devido à instabilidade da carreira esportiva, sendo o ápice quando há convocação para a seleção brasileira. Não foi identificado um preparo para o encerramento da carreira esportiva. A carreira esportiva é uma forma de reabilitação e inserção social, ao mesmo tempo em que não se configura como trabalho de dedicação integral das atletas, que têm outros empregos.(AU)

This study aimed to investigate the sports career of sitting volleyball athletes who participated in the Brazilian sitting volleyball team at the Paralympics Games in Rio 2016. It is a qualitative, descriptive, exploratory and retrospective research. The sample consisted of four athletes and a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview were used, supported by the timeline. The analysis of the data was made from the Qualitative Content Analysis. We observed that sport as a career appears after physical injury, as part of the rehabilitation process, but sport is not the only source of income due to the instability of the sports career. The apex is the call for the Brazilian team and there is no preparation to the end of sport career. The sports career is a form of rehabilitation and social insertion, at the same time that it is not a full-time job for athletes, who have other jobs.(AU)

El propósito de este trabajo fue investigar la carrera deportiva de mujeres atletas de voleibol sentado que participaron en los Juegos Paralímpicos Rio 2016, con el objetivo de reconocer el recorrido deportivo de las atletas. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, descriptiva, de carácter exploratorio y retrospectivo. La muestra estuvo compuesta por cuatro atletas y se utilizó un cuestionario, entrevista semiestructurada, con el apoyo del uso de timeline. El análisis de datos se realizó a partir del Análisis de Cualitativo de Contenido. Observamos que el deporte como carrera aparece después de la lesión física, como parte del proceso de rehabilitación. Sin embargo, estas atletas suelen tener doble carrera, debido a la inestabilidad de la carrera deportiva, cuyo ápice es el llamado para integrar la selección brasileña. No se ha identificado que haya una preparación para el término de la carrera deportiva. La carrera deportiva es una forma de rehabilitación e inserción social, pero no es un trabajo a tiempo completo para las atletas, que tienen otros empleos.(AU)

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RESUMO Ao longo de 2021, no âmbito de atividades da Associação Brasileira Interdisciplinar de AIDS, foi desenvolvido o projeto 'E se fosse com você? Histórias vividas de estigma e discriminação em 40 anos de HIV/AIDS'. O projeto buscou reunir histórias reais de estigma e discriminação, bem como mostrar traumáticas experiências vividas pelas pessoas com HIV/AIDS, para estimular a empatia e a solidariedade em torno do grupo. Este texto é um relato sobre a experiência do projeto, realizado por chamada de voluntários nas redes sociais da Associação. Entre estes, foram selecionados dez indivíduos, considerando tipos de situações vividas, faixas etárias, gêneros, raças, orientações sexuais e regiões de origem, para tentar mostrar diferentes aspectos de viver com HIV/AIDS no Brasil. No intuito de nortear as entrevistas, foi preparado roteiro semiestruturado, com dezenas de perguntas adaptadas a individualidades de cada participante, para abordar diferentes histórias. A partir das entrevistas, foram escritas dez histórias diferentes, pontuando situações de estigma e discriminação em distintos momentos da vida, assim como quadros de enfrentamento e resistência. Por ocasião do Dia Mundial de Luta contra a AIDS em 2021, o livro foi lançado no seminário 'Refazendo a Prevenção', da mesma Associação, e está disponível para baixar gratuitamente.

ABSTRACT Related to the activities of the Brazilian Interdisciplinary AIDS Association in 2021, the project 'What if it was with you? Lived Stories of Stigma and Discrimination in 40 Years of HIV/AIDS' was developed. The project aimed gathering real stories of stigma and discrimination, but also presenting the traumatic experiences lived by people with HIV/AIDS, and stimulating empathy and solidarity around the group. This article is a report on the experience of the project, carried out by calling volunteers on the social networks of the Association. Among the volunteers, ten individuals were selected, considering types of situations experienced, age groups, genders, races, sexual orientations, and origin, trying to show different aspects of living with HIV/AIDS in Brazil. To guide the interviews, a semi-structured script was prepared, with dozens of questions adapted to the individualities of each participant, to address different life stories. From the interviews, ten different stories were written, punctuating situations of stigma and discrimination, in different moments of life, as well as frames of confrontation and resistance. On the occasion of World AIDS Day in 2021, the book was launched at the same Association's seminar 'Refazendo a Prevenção', and it is available for free download.

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RESUMEN Introducción: la historia de la Medicina constituye una fuente valiosa para la formación de valores en el proceso de formación y superación de los futuros profesionales de las ciencias médicas. Objetivo: profundizar en la labor patriótica y médica de Fermín Valdés Domínguez en los siglos XIX y XX. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de varios documentos históricos y artículos científicos. La búsqueda fue realizada en Google Académico desde el 2014 hasta diciembre de 2020. Se revisaron más de 15 trabajos publicados, en el que sobresale la colección facticia con recortes de casi todos los trabajos periodísticos de Fermín Valdés Domínguez publicados en la prensa cubana, y los "famosos cuadernillos manuscritos" sobre sus memorias de la guerra. La información fue procesada a través del análisis de contenido y otros métodos teóricos como el histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo. Resultados: se precisó la labor patriótica y médica de Fermín Valdés Domínguez en los siglos XIX y XX. Esta personalidad de la historia cubana como estudiante universitario y profesional de la Medicina fue capaz de conjugar su labor patriótica en las luchas por la independencia del siglo XIX con el periodismo científico y revolucionario. Conclusiones: a través de la revisión realizada quedó demostrado que la vida y obra de Fermín Valdés Domínguez como profesional de la salud y destacado patriota cubano es una valiosa herramienta para el trabajo educativo curricular en la educación médica.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the history of Medicine constitutes a valuable source for the formation of values ​​in the process of formation and improvement of future professionals in the medical sciences. Objective: to deepen inside the patriotic and medical work of Fermín Valdés Domínguez in the 19th and 20th centuries. Methods: a bibliographic review of several historical documents and scientific articles was carried out. The search was carried out in Google scholar from 2014 to December 2020. More than 15 published works were reviewed, in which the factitious collection stands out with clippings of almost all the journalistic works of Fermín Valdés Domínguez published in the Cuban press, and the "famous handwritten booklets" on his memoirs of the war. The information was processed through content analysis and other theoretical methods such as historical-logical, analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive. Results: the patriotic and medical work of Fermín Valdés Domínguez in the 19th and 20th centuries was specified. This personality of Cuban history as a university student and professional of Medicine was able to combine his patriotic work in the struggles for independence in the 19th century with scientific and revolutionary journalism. Conclusions: through the review carried out, it was shown that the life and work of Fermín Valdés Domínguez as a health professional and prominent Cuban patriot is a valuable tool for curricular educational work in medical education.

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RESUMEN Fundamento: la salud pública villaclareña tiene una rica historia que permite conocer destacados profesionales en las diferentes ramas de las ciencias médicas. La existencia de esas figuras durante el período colonial sentó las bases de un desarrollo científico en el territorio. Objetivo: reseñar las historias de vidas de las principales figuras de la medicina villaclareña que participaron en el Primer Congreso Médico Regional de la Isla de Cuba de 1890 y sus aportes a la salud pública del territorio. Métodos: se realizó una investigación documental de corte histórico durante el año 2019, se emplearon métodos teóricos, sustentados en la interacción de lo histórico y lo lógico y desde las dimensiones temporal y espacial; y empíricos: el análisis documental y entrevistas a informantes clave; se efectuó triangulación metodológica para arribar a consideraciones integradoras. Resultados: se identificaron importantes figuras de la medicina en Villa Clara que participaron en el Primer Congreso Médico Regional de la Isla de Cuba: Joaquín Albarrán Domínguez, Enrique López Veitía, Pedro Albarrán Domínguez, Agustín Wenceslao Reyes Zamora y Francisco Rodríguez Hernández, Fernando Plazaola, Agustín Abril y Letamendis, Domingo Lagomasino Álvarez y López Silvero. Se confeccionaron sus historias de vida identificando sus principales aportes a la salud pública cubana, y su influencia en la sociedad villaclareña del siglo XIX. Conclusiones: Villa Clara tuvo una importante participación en el Primer Congreso Médico Regional de la Isla de Cuba en 1890. Los médicos que asistieron a ese evento dejaron un importante legado que debe ser conocido por las nuevas generaciones.

ABSTRACT Background: Villa Clara's public health has a rich history that allows us to meet prominent professionals in the different branches of medical sciences. The existence of these figures during the colonial period laid the foundations for scientific development in the territory. Objective: to review the life stories of the main figures of Villa Clara medicine who participated in the First Regional Medical Congress of the Island of Cuba in 1890 and their contributions to the public health of the territory. Methods: a historical documentary research was carried out during 2019; theoretical methods were used, supported by the interaction of the historical and the logical and from the temporal and spatial dimensions; and empirical ones: documentary analysis and interviews with key informants; information was methodologically contrasted to arrive at integrative considerations. Results: important figures of medicine were identified in Villa Clara who participated in the First Regional Medical Congress of the Island of Cuba: Joaquín Albarrán Domínguez, Enrique López Veitía, Pedro Albarrán Domínguez, Agustín Wenceslao Reyes Zamora and Francisco Rodríguez Hernández, Fernando Plazaola, Agustín Abril and Letamendis, Domingo Lagomasino Álvarez and López Silvero. Their life histories were compiled identifying their main contributions to Cuban public health, and their influence on Villa Clara society in the 19th century. Conclusions: Villa Clara had an important participation in the First Regional Medical Congress of the Island of Cuba in 1890. The doctors who attended this event left an important legacy that should be known by the new generations.

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