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Pathogens have traditionally been studied in isolation within host systems; yet in natural settings they frequently coexist. This raises questions about the dynamics of co-infections and how host life-history traits might predict co-infection versus single infection. To address these questions, we investigated the presence of two parasites, a gut parasite (Isospora coccidians) and a blood parasite (Plasmodium spp.), in House Finches (Haemorhous mexicanus), a common passerine bird in North America. We then correlated these parasitic infections with various health and condition metrics, including hematological parameters, plasma carotenoids, lipid-soluble vitamins, blood glucose concentration, body condition, and prior disease history. Our study, based on 48 birds captured in Tempe, Arizona, US, in October 2021, revealed that co-infected birds exhibited elevated circulating lutein levels and a higher heterophil:lymphocyte ratio (H/L ratio) compared to those solely infected with coccidia Isospora spp. This suggests that co-infected birds experience heightened stress and may use lutein to bolster immunity against both pathogens, and that there are potentially toxic effects of lutein in co-infected birds compared to those infected solely with coccidia Isospora sp. Our findings underscore the synergistic impact of coparasitism, emphasizing the need for more co-infection studies to enhance our understanding of disease dynamics in nature, as well as its implications for wildlife health and conservation efforts.
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Doenças das Aves , Coccidiose , Coinfecção , Tentilhões , Isospora , Malária Aviária , Plasmodium , Animais , Tentilhões/parasitologia , Coinfecção/veterinária , Coinfecção/parasitologia , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Malária Aviária/epidemiologia , Malária Aviária/parasitologia , Malária Aviária/sangue , Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Doenças das Aves/epidemiologia , Doenças das Aves/sangue , Isospora/isolamento & purificação , Coccidiose/veterinária , Coccidiose/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Plasmodium/isolamento & purificação , Isosporíase/veterinária , Isosporíase/epidemiologia , Isosporíase/parasitologia , Arizona/epidemiologia , Masculino , FemininoRESUMO
Introducción: El plasma rico en plaquetas es un producto derivado de la sangre, rico en péptidos y proteínas de señalización intercelular, así como citoquinas capaces de intervenir en cada una de las etapas de la regeneración de varios tejidos. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del tratamiento con plasma rico en plaquetas y leucocitos en pacientes con fisura anal secundaria que asistieron a la consulta de Coloproctología del Hospital Docente Provincial Oncológico María Curie de Camagüey en el período de enero de 2020 a enero de 2023. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental. El universo lo conformaron todos los pacientes que acudieron a consulta en ese período. La muestra no probabilística intencionada la conformaron 130 pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de fisura anal secundaria que recibieron tratamiento con plasma rico en plaquetas y leucocitos. Resultados: El tiempo de cicatrización de la fisura anal permitió corroborar la efectividad del tratamiento; además, la mayoría de los pacientes evolucionaron de forma favorable. El dolor fue la complicación más visible pues presentó significación estadística al establecer la relación entre las variables. Se demostró que el tratamiento con plasma rico en plaqueta y leucocitos en pacientes con fisura anal secundaria es efectivo y seguro en la evaluación final del tratamiento. Conclusiones: Lo expuesto permite considerar que los pacientes tratados obtuvieron buenos resultados al hacer uso del plasma rico en plaquetas y leucocitos. Por consiguiente, tiene un resultado positivo en no mostrar complicaciones y una alta posibilidad de que el paciente tratado evolucione en mejor condición(AU)
Introduction: Platelet-rich plasma is a blood-derived product, rich in peptides and intercellular signaling proteins, as well as cytokines capable of intervening in each of the stages of regeneration of various tissues. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of treatment with platelet- and leucocyte-rich plasma in patients with secondary anal fissure who attended the coloproctology office at Hospital Docente Provincial Oncológico María Curie of Camagüey from January 2020 to January 2023. Methods: A quasiexperimental study was carried out, whose universe consisted of all the patients who came for consultation during that period. The nonprobabilistic purposive sample consisted of 130 adult patients with a diagnosis of secondary anal fissure who received treatment with platelet- and leucocyte-rich plasma. Results: The healing time of the anal fissure allowed corroborating the effectiveness of the treatment; in addition, most of the patients evolved favorably. Pain was the most visible complication since it presented statistical significance when the relationship between the variables were established. Treatment with platelet- and leucocyte-rich plasma in patients with secondary anal fissure proved effective and safe in the final assessment of the treatment. Conclusions: The above allows considering that the treated patients obtained good outcomes when making use of platelet- and leucocyte-rich plasma. Therefore, it has a positive outcome, not showing complications and a high possibility for the treated patient to evolve in a better condition(AU)
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Humanos , Plasma Rico em Plaquetas , Fissura Anal/terapiaRESUMO
Plant-derived chemicals are promising substances to control arthropod pests, although synthetic ones are still the most frequently used. Thus, comparative toxicological studies are needed to determine if natural substances are safe alternatives to replace the use of synthetic chemicals. This study aimed to compare the toxicity of carvacrol (natural origin), acetylcarvacrol (semi-synthetic) and a fipronil-based pesticide (synthetic). We assessed the effects of these chemicals on hemolytic activity, erythrocytes morphology and leucocyte viability using whole blood from human subjects. Additionally, DNA damage was evaluated through comet and DNA fragmentation assays. Fipronil and carvacrol caused hemolysis at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 2.0%, whereas acetylcarvacrol did not cause hemolysis at 0.5 and 0.75%. Fipronil and carvacrol caused severe alterations in erythrocytes' morphology at 2%, such as ghost erythrocytes, elliptocyte-like shape and rouleau-like shape, presenting only 3.3 and 8.3% normal cells, respectively, at this concentration. However, 73.3% erythrocytes incubated with 2% acetylcarvacrol exhibited normal morphology. Fipronil considerably reduced leucocytes viability, decreasing it to 78% at 2%. Carvacrol and acetylcarvacrol showed no differences in leucocyte viability for 0.5 to 1.0%, but a decrease was observed for 2% carvacrol. The comet assay showed similar DNA damage for fipronil and carvacrol, but it was significantly lower for 1 and 2% acetylcarvacrol. Incubation with genomic DNA showed that only fipronil caused fragmentation of this molecule. Thus, we conclude that carvacrol and fipronil can present similar toxicity at higher concentrations. However, acetylation of carvacrol significantly reduced its toxicity to human blood cells compared with the other chemicals.
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Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a cheap and easy-to-obtain biomarker that mirrors the balance between innate and adaptive immunity. Cortisol and catecholamines have been identified as major drivers of NLR. High cortisol levels increase neutrophils while simultaneously decreasing lymphocyte counts. Likewise, endogenous catecholamines may cause leukocytosis and lymphopenia. Thus, NLR allows us to monitor patient severity in conditions such as sepsis. Twenty-six puppies with sepsis secondary to canine parvoviral enteritis were treated with and without an immunomodulator. Our group determined the NLR and the plasmatic cortisol levels by chemiluminescence, and norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) by HPLC during the first 72 h of clinical follow-up. Our results showed that at admission puppies presented an NLR value of 1.8, cortisol of 314.9 nmol/L, NE 3.7, and E 3.3 pmol/mL. Both treatments decreased admission NLR values after 24 h of treatment. However, only the puppies treated with the immunomodulator (I) remained without significant changes in NLR (0.7-1.4) compared to the CT group, and that showed a significant difference (P < 0.01) in their NLR value (0.4-4.6). In addition, we found significant differences in the slope values between the admission and final values of NLR (P < 0.005), cortisol (P < 0.02), and E (P < 0.05) between treatments. Then, our data suggest that the immunomodulator positively affects the number of lymphocytes and neutrophils involved in NLR as well as major drivers like cortisol and epinephrine, which is reflected in clinical parameters and survival.
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Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of gender and peripheral blood parameters on the characteristics of Leucocyte-and Platelet-Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) membranes and to describe histologically three different zones of L-PRF membranes. Methods: Blood was collected from twenty healthy donors (10 men and 10 women). Peripheral blood parameters including leucocyte and platelet counts, and fibrinogen levels were recorded. L-PRF membranes were prepared to quantify the release of growth factors (PDGF, VEGF, BMP-2, and BMP-9) at 1, 2, 3 and 7 days and for histological examination. Three zones within each L-PRF membrane (face, body, and tail) were analysed separately, quantifying the area of leucocytes, platelets, and fibrin in percentage. The Young's modulus of the membranes was also considered (during tensile and compression tests). Results: Women had significantly higher fibrinogen levels in their peripheral blood, and a higher release of BMP-9, whereas men showed a significantly higher Young's modulus in compression tests. The histology revealed significant differences in cellular content and fibrin concentration between the 3 areas, with the face being biologically the richest. Conclusion: Several factors influenced the final characteristics of L-PRF membranes. These need to be taken into consideration when interpreting the results of research, but especially in clinical practice.
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The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm ) is a parameter often used to determine mitochondrial function; therefore, it can be used to determine the integrity and functionality of cells. A decrement of ΔΨm is implicated in several inflammatory-related pathologies, such phenomena can be related to COVID-19 infection. The present work aimed to compare the ΔΨm in leucocytes (human PBMCs; HPBMC) isolated from healthy control (HC) subjects, patients with COVID-19 (C-19), recovered subjects at 40 ± 13 (R1) and 335 ± 20 (R2) days after infection (dai). Obtained data showed that ΔΨm decreased in HPBMC of subjects with C-19, R1, and R2 compared with HC. When analyzing the ΔΨm data by sex, in females, a significant decrease was observed in R1 and R2 groups versus HC. Regarding men, a significant decrease of ΔΨm was observed in R1, with respect to HC, contrary to R2 group, who reestablished this parameter. Obtained results suggest that the loss of ΔΨm could be related to the long-COVID.
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COVID-19 , COVID-19/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Leucócitos , Masculino , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Síndrome de COVID-19 Pós-AgudaRESUMO
Background: The analysis of the complete blood count (CBC) of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an essential practice both for diagnosing the disease and for evaluating the patient's clinical evolution. It is proposed in the present study to analyze the hematological alterations resulting from photobiostimulation using near-infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in patients with CAP. Methods: This was a clinical, prospective, blinded, and descriptive longitudinal study that involved 21 patients undergoing CAP treatment who were divided into two groups: LED, 11 patients who were treated with infrared LED and conventional treatment; and CON (control), 10 patients who received only conventional treatment (antibiotic therapy and physiotherapy). Physiotherapy was applied before LED irradiation in the LED group. The patients' CBCs were obtained before and after treatment, and erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin and hematocrit concentrations, and leukocyte and platelet counts were assessed. The phototherapy was performed with a vest with an array of 300 LEDs (940 nm) mounted on an area of 36 × 58 cm and positioned in the patient's anterior thoracic and abdominal regions. The total power was 6 W, with 15 min of irradiation time. The patients were treated daily for seven consecutive days. Statistical analyses of the intra- and intergroups of CBC data were done using Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance), respectively, both at the significance level of α = 0.05. Results: There was a statistically significant recovery difference after treatment in the LED group compared with the CON group for erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukocytes, segmented and band neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes (p < 0.05). The greatest differences between the LED and CON groups were lymphocyte count reduction (60% vs. 16%), erythrocyte increase (86% vs. 35%), and leukocyte reduction (28% vs. 15%). Conclusions: The hematologic components of CAP patients recovered their normal values faster with conventional treatment associated with infrared LED therapy, thus indicating greater treatment efficiency when compared with the conventional therapy. This study was registered with the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBeC) under Universal Trial Number (UTN) U1111-1229-1296 (2019/06/05).
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Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas , Pneumonia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/terapia , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Neutrófilos , Estudos ProspectivosAssuntos
Anemia Falciforme , Doenças Vasculares , Anemia Falciforme/complicações , Humanos , NeutrófilosRESUMO
AIMS: This study aimed to identify the symptoms associated with early stage SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infections in healthcare professionals (HCPs) using both clinical and laboratory data. METHODS: A total of 1297 patients, admitted between 18 March and 8 April 2020, were stratified according to their risk of developing COVID-19 using their responses to a questionnaire designed to evaluate symptoms and risk conditions. RESULTS: Anosmia/hyposmia (p<0.0001), fever (p<0.0001), body pain (p<0.0001) and chills (p=0.001) were all independent predictors for COVID-19, with a 72% estimated probability for detecting COVID-19 in nasopharyngeal swab samples. Leucopenia, relative monocytosis, decreased eosinophil values, C reactive protein (CRP) and platelets were also shown to be significant independent predictors for COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: The significant clinical features for COVID-19 were identified as anosmia, fever, chills and body pain. Elevated CRP, leucocytes under 5400×109/L and relative monocytosis (>9%) were common among patients with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. These variables may help, in the absence of reverse transcriptase PCR tests, to identify possible COVID-19 infections during pandemic outbreaks. SUMMARY: From 19 March to 8 April 2020, 1297 patients attended the Polyclinic Piquet Carneiro for COVID-19 detection. HCP data were analysed, and significant clinical features were anosmia, fever, chills and body pain. Elevated CRP, leucopenia and monocytosis were common in COVID-19.
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COVID-19/patologia , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Programas de Triagem Diagnóstica , Feminino , Pessoal de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2/genéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: It is known that the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) activation is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in diabetes. Previous studies have shown the presence of angiotensin II (Ang II) in diabetes, suggesting a role for this hormone during the disease. However, the association between RAGE and Ang II during pathologic cardiac remodelling after streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes remains unclear. Because Ang II is capable of inducing pro-inflammatory events, blocking its production (enalapril), and its action on its receptor (losartan) could decrease inflammatory events in the myocardium in this experimental model of diabetes. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the association between RAGE expression, inflammatory events and Ang II in the myocardium during STZ-induced diabetes. METHODS: Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of STZ in Sprague-Dawley rats. Myocardial expressions of RAGE, monocyte/macrophage (ED-1-positive cells) infiltration and the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were determined by histochemical methods. Levels of circulating endothelin-1 (ET-1) were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Effects of Ang II included blocking using losartan (15 mg/kg body weight per day by gastric gavage) or enalapril (18 mg/kg body weight per day by gastric gavage). RESULTS: Increased expression of both RAGE and ED-1 was seen in the myocardium, but expression of myocardial vascular intercellular adhesion molecule-1 remained unchanged. Circulating levels of ET-1 in STZ rats were increased. Reninâangiotensin system inhibition decreased expression of myocardial RAGE, ED-1 and ET-1. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest a role for Ang II in myocardial inflammation in STZ-induced diabetes mediated by RAGE and ET-1.
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Angiotensina II/farmacologia , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Endotelina-1/metabolismo , Macrófagos/imunologia , Monócitos/imunologia , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Receptor para Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/metabolismo , Animais , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/etiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patologia , Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/metabolismo , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Masculino , Monócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Monócitos/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Vasoconstritores/farmacologiaRESUMO
Background and aims: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin, is a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria that is able to activate the peripheral immune system, leading to changes in signalling pathways that act locally and systemically to achieve adaptive responses. Sickness behaviour is a motivational state in response to endotoxin exposure and includes depressed activity and a reduction of exploratory behaviour, potentially reorganising organism priorities to cope with infectious diseases. We hypothesised that 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (Tempol) modulates the leukocyte response to endotoxins and decreases LPS-induced sickness behaviour in mice.Methods: The effects of Tempol on LPS-induced peritonitis and the respiratory burst of neutrophils primed with LPS and triggered by phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) were evaluated. To evaluate the effects of Tempol on sickness behaviour, the mice were submitted to an open field and forced swim tests.Results: Tempol (50-100 µM/106 cells) decreased the respiratory burst of LPS-primed and PMA-stimulated neutrophils in vitro. In vivo, this nitroxide (30 and 100 mg/kg body weight) inhibited leukocyte migration to the peritoneal cavity after LPS administration in mice. Moreover, Tempol pretreatment (30 and 100 mg/kg body weight) before LPS administration also attenuated sickness behavioural changes.Conclusions: Together, these findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory potential and confirm the therapeutic potential of nitroxides.
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Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxidos N-Cíclicos/farmacologia , Endotoxinas/farmacologia , Leucócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Óxidos N-Cíclicos/uso terapêutico , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Inflamação/imunologia , Leucócitos/metabolismo , Locomoção/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos , Peritonite/induzido quimicamente , Peritonite/tratamento farmacológico , Peritonite/metabolismo , Marcadores de Spin , Superóxidos/metabolismoRESUMO
Leucocytospermia has been associated with loss of sperm function. Extracellular traps (ETs) of leucocytes are produced during innate immune response. ETs can be activated by spermatozoa in contact with polymorphonuclear (in vitro), inducing sperm entrapment and decrease motility. In this pilot study, we describe the results of ETosis ex vivo, in seminal fluid (SF) smear of infertile patients, associating ETs with leucocytospermia and bacteriospermia. In 21 infertile patients, semen parameters (WHO, 2010), microbiological study, leucocytospermia and presence of ETs in SF were determined. Leucocytes (CD45, CD15 and CD68) were evaluated by immunostaining in SF smears. Indirect immunofluorescence (global histone and H4-citrullinated 3) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to determine ETs morphology. In 28.6% of patients presented leucocytospermia without bacteriospermia, all of them presented a large number of ETs in the SF smears examined. About 76.6% of the patients without leucocytospermia were positive for ETs. Samples with leucocytospermia have a higher number of ETs and would be related to the amount of leucocytes in the SF. The morphological predominant ETs were diffuse (diffETs) and spread (sprETs). The formation of ETs indicates leucocyte activation in semen, and it was observed that ETosis does not depend exclusively on the presence of bacterial contamination.
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Armadilhas Extracelulares/imunologia , Infertilidade Masculina/imunologia , Leucócitos/imunologia , Sêmen/citologia , Adulto , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Morte Celular Imunogênica/imunologia , Infertilidade Masculina/microbiologia , Leucócitos/citologia , Leucócitos/ultraestrutura , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oligopeptídeos , Projetos Piloto , Sêmen/imunologia , Sêmen/microbiologia , Análise do Sêmen/métodosRESUMO
En diciembre de 1943, el Dr. Antonio María Béguez César detalló en el Boletín de la Sociedad Cubana de Pediatría los aspectos clínicos y hematológicos de una rara afección que padecieron tres niños de una familia santiaguera, quienes fallecieron en sus primeros años de vida. No había informes sobre hallazgos similares en la bibliografía médica, por lo cual se consideró la primera descripción de una enfermedad denominada por él como neutropenia crónica maligna familiar con granulaciones atípicas de los leucocitos, que aún hoy suele divulgarse erróneamente como síndrome de Chediak-Higashi y no como síndrome de Béguez-Steinbrinck-Higashi. Esta enfermedad es una inmunodeficiencia primaria causada por mutaciones en el gen regulador de la función lisosomal, capaz de alterar la formación del fagolisosoma en el neutrófilo y determinar la presencia de gránulos secretores gigantes en su interior, asociadas a un predominio de infecciones recurrentes generadas por bacterias piógenas. Aquí se realiza un recuento histórico del descubrimiento de esta entidad y se actualiza su fisiopatología(AU)
On December 1943, Dr. Antonio María Béguez César detailed in the Journal of the Cuban Pediatric Society the clinical and hematologic aspects of a rare disorder suffered by three children from a family in the locality, who expired during the first years of their lives in Santiago de Cuba. At that moment there was no report about similar findings in the medical literature, therefore it is considered the first description of a disease denominated by him as familial malignant chronic neutropenia with atypical granulations of leucocytes, misleadingly revealed as Chediak-Higashi syndrome instead of Béguez-Steinbrinck-Higashi syndrome. This disease consists of a primary immunodeficiency induced by mutations in the regulator gen of the lysosomal function, which is able to alter the formation of phagolysosoma in the neutrophil and determine the presence of giant secretor granules associated with the predominance of recurrent infections provoked by pyogen bacteria. Here, a brief history of it's discovery as well as an updating of it's physiopathology are carried out(AU)
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Humanos , Síndrome de Chediak-Higashi/história , EpônimosRESUMO
American trypanosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease whose spectrum has not been quite understood, including the impact of Trypanosoma cruzi infection on the haematological parameters of different vertebrate hosts. Thus, this study was designed to compare the pattern of haematological changes induced by T. cruzi infection in order to identify possible species-specific differences among taxons. We also aimed at evaluating the use of this parameter as a tool for diagnosis during the acute phase, when symptoms are usually masked. For this purpose, we performed a systematic search on PubMed and Scopus databases to retrieve original studies published until August 2016. Thirty-one studies were selected using Prisma strategy, which were then submitted to data extraction and methodological bias analysis. Half of the studies showed that the number of erythrogram decreased in infected animals, indicating anaemia. In 68.2% of the studies, the total amount of leukogram values increased, suggesting infection. The main methodological limitations were insufficient information for T. cruzi strains identification, inoculation routes and parasitological characterization. Most of the mammalian species analysed showed the same pattern of haematological changes following T. cruzi infection, indicating that haematological parameters might direct the diagnosis of Chagas disease in the initial phase.
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Doença de Chagas/veterinária , Animais , Animais Domésticos , Animais Selvagens , Doença de Chagas/sangue , Modelos Animais de DoençasRESUMO
The interradicular region of primary molars is permeated by many foramina, channels and accessories that connect the pulp cavity with the periapical tissues anatomically. Thus, pulp decomposition products or drugs used in endodontic treatment can trigger inflammatory reactions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the blood cell profile of the alveolar region after extraction of primary molars treated with CTZ paste. Forty-eight primary molars were selected with clinical and radiographic signs of extraction. The sample was divided into three groups with 16 teeth each: Group 1-healthy teeth; Group 2-untreated decayed teeth; and Group 3-teeth treated with CTZ paste. Immediately after the extraction, blood from the interface of the tooth socket was collected and smears were performed for further evaluation. The slides were stained by the Fast Panoptic® method and analysed by two previously trained examiners who counted the leucocytes in sets of 100 cells/slide, differentiating them into neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils. The data were analysed statistically by the MANOVA test. The blood samples from Group 2 differed significantly from Group 1 samples for all classes of leucocytes, except basophils, with higher average for lymphocytes (62.56), monocytes (7.81) and eosinophils (2.31). For Group 3, there was a relative difference (P < 0.05) to Group 2, of monocytes and eosinophils values. The blood cellularity interface in the tooth socket of primary teeth treated with CTZ paste is similar to those of healthy, exfoliated teeth and physiologically different from untreated decayed teeth.
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Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Necrose da Polpa Dentária/tratamento farmacológico , Dente Molar/efeitos dos fármacos , Dente Decíduo/diagnóstico por imagem , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Necrose da Polpa Dentária/sangue , Humanos , Leucócitos/patologia , Dente Molar/irrigação sanguínea , Dente Molar/diagnóstico por imagem , Dente Molar/patologia , Pomadas , Alvéolo Dental/diagnóstico por imagem , Alvéolo Dental/patologia , Dente Decíduo/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Cardiovascular diseases are major causes of death worldwide. Beyond the classical cholesterol risk factor, other conditions such as oxidative stress are well documented to promote atherosclerosis. The Mangifera indica L. extract (Vimang®) was reported to present antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic properties. Thus, here we evaluate the effects of Vimang treatment on risk factors of the atherosclerosis prone model of familial hypercholesterolemia, the LDL receptor knockout mice. Mice were treated with Vimang during 2 weeks and were fed a cholesterol-enriched diet during the second week. The Vimang treated mice presented significantly reduced levels of plasma (15%) and liver (20%) cholesterol, increased plasma total antioxidant capacity (10%) and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by spleen mononuclear cells (50%), P < 0.05 for all. In spite of these benefits, the average size of aortic atherosclerotic lesions stablished in this short experimental period did not change significantly in Vimang treated mice. Therefore, in this study we demonstrated that Vimang has protective effects on systemic and tissue-specific risk factors, but it is not sufficient to promote a reduction in the initial steps of atherosclerosis development. In addition, we disclosed a new antioxidant target of Vimang, the spleen mononuclear cells that might be relevant for more advanced stages of atherosclerosis.
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Colesterol/sangue , Mangifera/química , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Receptores de LDL/genética , Animais , Aorta/patologia , Aterosclerose/metabolismo , Aterosclerose/patologia , Aterosclerose/veterinária , Colesterol/análise , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Leucócitos/citologia , Leucócitos/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Mangifera/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , NADP/química , NADP/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/química , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Receptores de LDL/deficiência , Triglicerídeos/análise , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) predict outcome in heart failure (HF) patients undergoing heart transplantation (HTX). METHODS AND RESULTS: Data from 111 HF patients undergoing HTX 2010-2015 were retrospectively reviewed. NLR and PLR were calculated before HTX, immediately after HTX, and at 6 and 24 hours. Primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality, and secondary endpoints were 1 year mortality and renal replacement therapy (RRT). Prognostic factors were assessed by multivariate analysis, and the predictive values of NLR and PLR for mortality were compared. The discriminatory performance for predicting in-hospital mortality was better for NLR [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.644, 95% confidence interval 0.492-0.797] than for PLR (AUC = 0.599, 95% confidence interval 0.423-0.776). Best cut-off value was 2.41 for NLR (sensitivity 86%, specificity 67%) and 92.5 for PLR (sensitivity 86%, specificity 68%). When divided according to best cut-off value, in-hospital mortality was significantly higher in the high NLR group (17.5% vs. 3.2%, P < 0.05), but not in the high PLR group (16.5% vs. 6.3%, P = ns). One year mortality was not significantly higher for either group (37.5% vs. 6.5% for NLR; 36.7% vs. 9.4% for PLR, P = ns for both), while RRT was significantly higher in both the NLR and PLR high groups (33.8% vs. 0%; 32.9% vs. 3.1%, respectively, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that only high NLR (hazard ratio = 3.403, P < 0.05) and pre-transplant diabetes (hazard ratio = 3.364, P < 0.05) were independent prognostic factors for 1 year mortality. CONCLUSIONS: High NLR was a predictor for in-hospital mortality, and an independent prognostic factor for 1 year mortality. Both high NLR and high PLR were predictors for RRT.
Assuntos
Plaquetas/patologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/cirurgia , Transplante de Coração , Linfócitos/patologia , Neutrófilos/patologia , Argentina/epidemiologia , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/sangue , Insuficiência Cardíaca/mortalidade , Mortalidade Hospitalar/tendências , Humanos , Contagem de Leucócitos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Contagem de Plaquetas , Prognóstico , Curva ROC , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Taxa de Sobrevida/tendênciasRESUMO
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate markers of bone loss and immune response present in evolution of periodontal disease. One hundred and two Wistar rats were divided into three animals groups: PD0, without ligation and PD15 days and PD60 days, submitted to ligation placement with a sterile 3-0 silk cord in the cervical region of the upper first molar on both sides. Samples were obtained from the gingival tissue for histomorphometric analysis, immunohistochemical analysis of RANK, RANKL, OPG, characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate, quantification of nitric oxide, MCP-1, RANTES, IP10 chemokines, and expression of the TGF-b1, VEG, and bFGF. The number of inflammatory cells in gingival tissue was higher in PD60 samples. The collagen content and the area occupied by birefringent collagen fibers were lower for PD60. Differential leukocyte counting showed that there was a significantly higher polymorphonuclear influx in group PD15, while PD60 showed a greater number of lymphocytes. PD60 showed higher RANTES, IP-10, MCP-1 gene transcripts, as well as a higher nitric oxide concentration. Clinical evaluation revealed that the PD60 group presented an increase in furcal area. In conclusion, in this animal model the increase of RANK/RANKL and HGF markers is related to a specific immune response, and probably contributed to the evolution of periodontal disease. Investigating the effect of these biomarkers can help in targeted therapy for bone resorption, since blocking these can inhibit bone loss.
Resumo Este estudo avaliou marcadores de perda óssea e da resposta imune presentes na evolução da doença periodontal. Cento e dois ratos Wistar foram divididos em três grupos de animais: PD0, sem ligadura e PD15 dias e PD60 dias, submetidos a colocação de ligadura com um fio de seda estéril 3-0 na região cervical do primeiro molar superior em ambos os lados. Foram obtidas amostras de tecido gengival para análise histomorfométrica, análises imunohistoquímicas de RANK, RANKL, OPG, caracterização do infiltrado inflamatório, quantificação de óxido nítrico, expressão de quimiocinas MCP-1, RANTES, IP10 e do TGF-b1, VEGF e bFGF . O número de células inflamatórias no tecido gengival foi maior nas amostras PD60. O teor de colágeno na área ocupada pelas fibras de colágeno birrefringentes foram menores para PD60. A contagem diferencial de leucócitos mostrou que houve um influxo polimorfonuclear significativamente maior no grupo PD15, enquanto que PD60 mostrou número maior de linfócitos. PD60 apresentou transcritos de genes RANTES, IP-10, MCP-1 mais elevados, bem como uma maior concentração de óxido nítrico. A avaliação clínica revelou que o grupo PD60 apresentou aumento da área óssea exposta na região da furca. Em conclusão, neste modelo animal o aumento dos marcadores RANK/RANKL e HGF está relacionado a uma resposta imunológica específica e provavelmente contribuiu para a evolução da doença periodontal. Investigar o efeito destes biomarcadores pode ajudar na terapia dirigida para a reabsorção óssea, uma vez que bloquear estes pode inibir a perda óssea.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Doenças Periodontais/imunologia , Ligante RANK/metabolismo , Receptor Ativador de Fator Nuclear kappa-B/metabolismo , Osteoprotegerina/metabolismo , Doenças Periodontais/metabolismo , Imuno-Histoquímica , Western Blotting , Ratos Wistar , Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Inflamação/metabolismoRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to compare the peripheral expression of natural killers and CCR5 in a session of low-intensity strength training with vascular occlusion and in high-intensity training. Young males were randomized into session groups of a high-intensity strength training (HI) and a session group of low-intensity strength training with vascular occlusion (LI-BFR). The exercise session consisted in knee extension and bicep curl in 80% 1RM (HI) and 30% 1RM (LI-BFR) with equalized volumes. Blood collection was made before, immediately after and 24 h after each training session. Immunophenotyping was carried out through CD195+ (CCR5) e CD3-CD16+CD56+ (NK) in peripheral blood and analysed by flow cytometry and presented in frequency (%). Peripheral frequency of NK cells showed no significant difference in LI-BFR group in time effect, while a gradual reduction of NK cells was identified in HI group in before-24 h postexercise and after-24 h postexercise comparison. However, significant differences have been found in relative change of NK cells immediately after exercise between sessions. In addition, HI and LI-BFR groups showed a significant reduction in the cells expressed CCR5 during 24 h postsession compared to the postsession, but CCR5 also differed when comparing before-24 h after session in the HI group. No differences were observed amongst the groups. LIO induced CCR5 response similar to the HI session, while the NK cells remained in similar frequency during the studied moments in LI-BFR, but not in HI group, suggesting that local hypoxia created by the blood flow restriction was able to prevent a change in the frequency of peripheral cells and a possible immunosuppression.
Assuntos
Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Contração Muscular , Força Muscular , Músculo Esquelético/irrigação sanguínea , Receptores CCR5/sangue , Treinamento Resistido/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Regulação para Baixo , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Hipóxia/sangue , Hipóxia/imunologia , Hipóxia/fisiopatologia , Imunofenotipagem/métodos , Contagem de Leucócitos , Masculino , Fenótipo , Distribuição Aleatória , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional , Fatores de Tempo , Torniquetes , Adulto JovemRESUMO
American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) is the only species raised in Brazilian commercial frog farms, and the intensive culture of these animals has gained great popularity in Brazil over the past several years. Stress is one of the major obstacles in frog culture. To minimise this problem, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of added vitamin C in the diet of American bullfrogs as an antistress factor through the assessment of plasma corticosterone, leucocyte levels and macrophage activation in animals raised in confinement. The experimental design was entirely randomised, with six treatments (supplementation of 0, 250, 500, 750, 1000 and 2000 mg of vitamin C/kg of feed) and four replications. The plasma corticosterone level, leucocyte level and macrophage activation were evaluated. It was concluded that vitamin C had no influence on the evaluated parameters due to the possible adaptation of the animals to life in captivity (domestication). The results of this research indicate that farmers should not increase the levels of vitamin C in commercial feeds because this would only enhance production costs.