RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Since the introduction of tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) and placement of voice prosthesis, this has become the method of choice to achieve speech rehabilitation after total laryngectomy. OBJECTIVE: To compare the complications and success in speech rehabilitation of patients undergoing rehabilitation after primary and secondary TEP (TEP1 and TEP2) through a systematic review. METHODS: The literature survey included research in MedLine, Scielo, Lilacs, Cochrane and Websco until June 2016. RESULTS: The rate of leakage around the prosthesis was higher in TEP1 (22.5 vs. 6.9%, p = 0.03). There were higher rates of wound infection (9.1 vs. 3.9%) and tracheal stenosis (8.5 vs. 4.5%) in the TEP1 group compared to TEP2, however with no statistical significance. The evaluation of speech quality was not possible due to the heterogeneity of the studies. CONCLUSION: There is a reduction in the risk of leakage around the prosthesis among TEP2 patients.