RESUMO
Leishmania (Viannia) spp. can harbor a double-stranded RNA virus known as Leishmania RNA virus 1 (LRV-1), whose presence has been reported in nine countries across the Americas and seven Leishmania species. Here, we studied 100 Leishmania (Viannia) isolates from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis collected from different endemic areas in Panama from 2016 to 2022. We identified L. (V.) panamensis, L. (V.) guyanensis, L. (V.) braziliensis/guyanensis hybrid, and L. (V.) panamensis sp.1. (genetic variant). LRV-1 was detected by RT-PCR in 9% of L. (Viannia) isolates (eight cases in L. (V.) panamensis, and one in L. (V.) guyanensis). Phylogenetic analysis based on sequencing data classified all LRV-1 isolates within genotype A, suggesting that LRV phylogenetic proximity is closely aligned with geographical distribution or to the phylogenetic proximity of the Leishmania host in the case of the L. (V.) panamensis and L. (V.) guyanensis in Panama.
RESUMO
American tegumentary leishmaniasis comprises a discrete set of clinical presentations endemic to Latin America. Leishmania RNA virus-1 (LRV-1) is a double-stranded RNA virus identified in 2025% of the Leishmania Viannia braziliensis and L. V. guyanensis, however not in L. V. panamensis. This is the first report of LRV-1 in L. V. panamensis and its associations with clinical phenotypes of ATL. Unique surplus discard clinical isolates of L. V. panamensis were identified from the Public Health Ontario Laboratory (PHOL) and the Leishmania Clinic of the Instituto de Medicina Tropical 'Alexander von Humboldt' between 2012 and 2019 and screened for LRV-1 by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Patient isolates were stratified according to clinical phenotype. Of 30 patients with L. V. panamensis, 14 (47%) and 16 (53%) patients had severe and non-severe ATL, respectively. Five (36%) of 14 severe cases and 2 (12%) of 16 non-severe cases were positive for LRV-1, respectively. No differences in sex were observed for clinical phenotype and LRV-1 status. Although an association between LRV-1 status and clinical phenotype was not demonstrated, this is the first description of the novel detection of LRV-1 in L. V. panamensis, a species that has been documented predominantly in Central America.
Assuntos
Leishmania braziliensis , Leishmania guyanensis , Leishmania , Leishmaniose Cutânea , Leishmaniavirus , Humanos , Leishmania guyanensis/genética , Leishmaniavirus/genética , Leishmania/genética , Leishmania braziliensis/genéticaRESUMO
We detected Leishmania RNA virus 1 (LRV1) in 11 isolates of Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis collected during 2014-2019 from patients from different geographic areas in Panama. The distribution suggested a spread of LRV1 in L. (V.) panamensis parasites. We found no association between LRV1 and an increase in clinical pathology.
Assuntos
Leishmania guyanensis , Leishmaniose Cutânea , Leishmaniose Mucocutânea , Leishmaniavirus , Humanos , Leishmania guyanensis/genética , Leishmaniose Mucocutânea/epidemiologia , Leishmaniavirus/genética , Panamá/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) is a rare condition caused by compression of the left renal vein (LRV) between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery. Surgical treatment is reserved for patients with severe symptoms and failure of conservative treatment. A 31-year-old woman diagnosed in adolescence with NCS has had recurrent pain since age 15. For 30 days, she has had severe left flank pain and microhematuria. The patient underwent extravascular stent placement around the LRV with the Da Vinci Xi. In 30 months of follow-up, the patient has no pain and the LRV remained without compressions or thrombosis.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The outcome of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) may depend on the presence of the Leishmania RNA virus (LRV). This virus may be involved in treatment failure. We aimed to determine whether genetic clusters of LRV1 are involved in this therapeutic outcome. METHODS: The presence of LRV1 was assessed in 129 Leishmania guyanensis isolates from patients treated with pentamidine in French Guiana. Among the 115 (89%) isolates found to carry LRV1, 96 were successfully genotyped. Patient clinical data were linked to the LRV data. RESULTS: The rate of treatment failure for LRV1-positive isolates was 37% (15/41) versus 40% (2/5) among LRV1-negative isolates (p 0.88). Concerning LRV1 genotypes, two predominant LRV1 groups emerged, groups A (23% (22/96)) and B (70% (67/96)). The treatment failure rate was 37% (3/8) for group A and 45% (9/20) for group B (p 0.31). DISCUSSION: Neither the presence nor genotype of LRV1 in patients with L. guyanensis seemed to correlate with pentamidine treatment failure.
Assuntos
Leishmania guyanensis/virologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/tratamento farmacológico , Leishmaniavirus/classificação , Pentamidina/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Feminino , Guiana Francesa , Variação Genética , Técnicas de Genotipagem , Humanos , Leishmaniavirus/genética , Leishmaniavirus/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Filogenia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise de Sequência de RNA , Falha de Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Thrombosis of the left renal vein (LRV) is a rare occurrence usually associated with hypercoagulable disorders. It may also be caused by extrinsic compression due to anatomical variations. Such variations, known as nutcracker phenomenon (NP), are usually completely asymptomatic, and they have been described in three variants: a narrowed aortomesenteric angle (AMA) with entrapment of the LRV; a second, rarer variant with an anomalous retro aortic LRV compressed between the abdominal aorta (AA) and the spine (posterior nutcracker syndrome, PNCS); and a third variant with a duplicated LRV with a pre- and retroaortic course, compressed both anteriorly and posteriorly. The development of symptoms secondary to NP is mainly due to renal congestion, often difficult to identify, and includes flank pain, ipsilateral varicocele, hematuria, and orthostatic proteinuria, among others. The most severe complication of NCS is LRV thrombosis with or without associated predisposing prothrombotic factors. The present case associates a PNCS to LRV thrombosis with a floating thrombus in the inferior vena cava and pulmonary embolism.
Assuntos
Embolia Pulmonar/etiologia , Síndrome do Quebra-Nozes/complicações , Veias Renais/anormalidades , Trombose Venosa/etiologia , Adulto , Anticoagulantes/administração & dosagem , Heparina de Baixo Peso Molecular/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Masculino , Implantação de Prótese/instrumentação , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Embolia Pulmonar/terapia , Síndrome do Quebra-Nozes/diagnóstico por imagem , Síndrome do Quebra-Nozes/terapia , Veias Renais/diagnóstico por imagem , Resultado do Tratamento , Filtros de Veia Cava , Trombose Venosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Trombose Venosa/terapiaRESUMO
Leishmania RNA Virus (LRV, Totiviridae) infect Leishmania cells and subvert mice immune response, probably promoting parasite persistence, suggesting significant roles for LRV in host-parasite interaction. Here we describe a new LRV1-4 purification protocol, enabling capsid visualization by negatively stained electron microscopy representing a significant contribution to future LRV investigations.
Assuntos
Leishmaniavirus/isolamento & purificação , Vírion/isolamento & purificação , Virologia/métodos , Leishmaniavirus/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Coloração e Rotulagem/métodos , Vírion/ultraestruturaRESUMO
Leishmania RNA Virus (LRV, Totiviridae) infect Leishmania cells and subvert mice immune response, probably promoting parasite persistence, suggesting significant roles for LRV in host-parasite interaction. Here we describe a new LRV1-4 purification protocol, enabling capsid visualization by negatively stained electron microscopy representing a significant contribution to future LRV investigations.
Assuntos
Leishmaniavirus/isolamento & purificação , Vírion/isolamento & purificação , Virologia/métodos , Leishmaniavirus/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Coloração e Rotulagem/métodos , Vírion/ultraestruturaRESUMO
Leishmania RNA Virus (LRV, Totiviridae) infect Leishmania cells and subvert mice immune response, probably promoting parasite persistence, suggesting significant roles for LRV in host-parasite interaction. Here we describe a new LRV1-4 purification protocol, enabling capsid visualization by negatively stained electron microscopy representing a significant contribution to future LRV investigations.
Assuntos
Leishmaniavirus/isolamento & purificação , Vírion/isolamento & purificação , Virologia/métodos , Leishmaniavirus/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Coloração e Rotulagem/métodos , Vírion/ultraestruturaRESUMO
Leishmania RNA virus (LRV) has been shown to be a symbiotic component of Leishmania parasites in South America. Nested retro-transcription polymerase chain reaction was employed to investigate LRV1 presence in leishmaniasis lesions from Brazil. In endemic areas of Rio de Janeiro (RJ), no LRV1 infection was observed even with mucosal involvement. LRV1 was only detected in Leishmania (V.) guyanensis cutaneous lesions from the northern region, which were obtained from patients presenting with disease reactivation after clinical cure of their primary lesions. Our results indicated that the severity of leishmaniasis in some areas of RJ, where Leishmania (V.) brazi-liensis is the primary etiological agent, was not associated with Leishmania LRV1 infection.