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Abstract Objective To determine whether a rescue strategy using dydrogesterone (DYD) could improve the outcomes of frozen embryo transfer cycles (FET) with low progesterone (P4) levels on the day of a blastocyst transfer. Methods Retrospective cohort study including FET cycles performed between July 2019 and October 2020 following an artificial endometrial preparation cycle using estradiol valerate and micronized vaginal P4 (400 mg twice daily). Whenever the serum P4 value was below 10 ng/mL on the morning of the planned transfer, DYD 10 mg three times a day was added as supplementation. The primary endpoint was ongoing pregnancy beyond 10 weeks. The sample was subdivided into two groups according to serum P4 on the day of FET: low (< 10 ng/mL, with DYD supplementation) or normal (above 10 ng/mL). We performed linear or logistic generalized estimating equations (GEE), as appropriate. Results We analyzed 304 FET cycles from 241 couples, 11.8% (n = 36) of which had serum P4 below 10 ng/mL on the FET day. Baseline clinical data of patients was comparable between the study groups. Overall, 191 cycles (62.8%) had a biochemical pregnancy, of which 131 (44,1%) were ongoing pregnancies, with a 29,8% miscarriage rate. We found no statistically significant differences in the hCG positive (63 vs 64%) or ongoing pregnancy rates (50 vs 43,3%) between those FETs with low or normal serum P4 values, even after multivariable logistic regression modelling. Conclusion Our results indicate that DYD 10 mg three times a day administered in women who perform FET with P4 serum levels < 10 ng/mL, allows this group to have pregnancy rates beyond 12 weeks at least as good as those with serum levels above 10 ng/mL.
Resumo Objetivo Determinar se uma estratégia de resgate usando didrogesterona (DYD) pode melhorar os resultados dos ciclos de transferência de embriões congelados (TEC) com baixos níveis de progesterona (P4) no dia de uma transferência de blastocisto. Métodos Estudo de coorte retrospectivo que incluiu ciclos TEC realizados entre julho de 2019 e outubro de 2020 após um ciclo de preparação endometrial artificial usando valerato de estradiol e P4 vaginal micronizado (400 mg duas vezes ao dia). Sempre que o valor de P4 sérico estava abaixo de 10 ng/mL na manhã da transferência planejada, adicionou-se 10 mg de DYD tri-diário como suplementação. O desfecho primário foi gravidez evolutiva após 10 semanas. A amostra foi subdividida em dois grupos de acordo com o P4 sérico no dia da TEC: baixo (< 10 ng/mL, com suplementação de DYD) ou normal (acima de 10 ng/mL). Realizamos equações de estimativa generalizada linear ou logística (GEE), conforme apropriado. Resultados Analisaram-se 304 ciclos de FET de 241 casais, dos quais 11,8% (n = 36) tinham valores de P4 sérico abaixo de 10 ng/mL no dia da TEC. Os dados clínicos e demográficos dos pacientes eram comparáveis entre os grupos. Globalmente, 191 ciclos (62,8%) tiveram uma gravidez bioquímica, dos quais 131 (44,1%) foram gestações em curso, com uma taxa de aborto espontâneo de 29,8%. Não encontramos diferenças estatisticamente significativas na taxa de gravidez bioquímica (63 vs. 64%) ou nas taxas de gravidez evolutiva (50 vs. 43,3%) entre TEC com valores séricos de P4 baixos ou normais, mesmo após modelação com regressão logística multivariável. Conclusão Nossos resultados indicam que a suplementação com DYD 10 mg três vezes ao dia em mulheres com níveis séricos de P4 abaixo de 10 ng/mL em ciclos de TEC substituídos parecem conseguir resultados pelo menos tão bons como nos ciclos com valores superiores para taxas de gravidez em curso além de 12 semanas.
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Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Didrogesterona/uso terapêutico , Transferência Embrionária , Fase LutealRESUMO
Four undescribed secocycloartane monoglycosides (1-4) were isolated from an ethanolic extract of the dry flowers of Cordia lutea Lam. Their structural assignment is based on NMR and MS analysis. Their stereochemistry is confirmed by molecular modelling studies using DFT-NMR calculations done for compound 3. In vitro antibacterial activity of the four compounds was moderate on Helicobacter pylori (MIC = 15.6 µg/mL), and much weaker on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Escherichia coli (MIC >125 µg/mL). Toxicity evaluated against RAW 264.7 cells was weak (IC50 values ranging from 24 to 41 µM i.e. 15 to 24 µg/mL), but in the same range as anti-Helicobacter activity.
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Cordia , Antibacterianos , Cordia/química , Glicosídeos/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estrutura Molecular , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
CONTEXT: Excessive consumption of high-fat diets has increased in the population over time and is harmful to female fertility. OBJECTIVE: To investigate and discuss the effects of a high-fat diet on ovarian follicles in rodents. DATA SOURCE: A systematic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and SCOPUS was carried out. DATA EXTRACTION: Study characteristics, including study design, population, intervention, outcome, and risk of bias were analyzed. DATA ANALYSIS: Twenty-two articles were included in a systematic review. Given the availability of studies, a quantitative meta-analysis included 12 studies that were performed for outcomes. There was a decrease in primordial follicles in female rodents that received a high-fat diet compared with the standard diet group. The offspring of mothers exposed to a high-fat diet showed an increased number of cystic follicles and a decreased number of secondary follicles and antral follicles, compared with the control diet group. Therefore, these high-fat diet-induced follicular alterations might impair the fertility of dams and their female newborns. CONCLUSION: The consumption of a high-fat diet causes damage to ovarian follicular development, and this commitment will persist in the next generation. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42019133865.
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Dieta Hiperlipídica , Roedores , Animais , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Folículo OvarianoRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate structural and visual field (VF) changes after ≥1 year of a single acute primary angle closure (APAC) attack using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and standard automated perimetry (SAP). Methods: Patients with a single unilateral APAC crisis at least 1 year ago were included consecutively from 2013 to 2016. Contralateral eye was used as control. All patients underwent ophthalmic examination, RNFL imaging by SD-OCT, and SAP using Octopus 1-2-3. Results: 54 eyes (27 patients) were enrolled. Male-to-female ratio was 1:2. Mean time for the SD-OCT and SAP assessment after the crisis was 5.0±5.1 (1.0-23.5) years, and IOP was 52.5±9.8 mmHg. In APAC eyes, the thicknesses of all quadrants of peripapillary RNFL (36.3%; P<0.001) and some macular sections (from 2.1% to 4.7%; P<0.01) were reduced compared to contralateral eyes. Additionally, in APAC eyes, the mean defect on VF was negatively and statistically correlated with the reduction of all quadrants of peripapillary RNFL thickness. Conclusion: A single episode of APAC was associated with peripapillary RNFL and macular thickness and with VF defects after ≥1 year of the crisis in the affected eye. Statistically meaningful correlations were found between structural and functional damage.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar alterações estruturais e do campo visual 1 ano ou mais após uma crise única de fechamento angular primário agudo utilizando tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral e perimetria automatizada padronizada. Métodos: Pacientes que apresentaram crise unilateral única de fechamento angular primário agudo há pelo menos 1 ano foram consecutivamente incluídos entre 2013 e 2016. Os olhos contralaterais foram utilizados como controles. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a exame oftalmológico, avaliação das camadas de fibras nervosas da retina utilizando tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral e perimetria automatizada padronizada com o Octopus 1-2-3. Resultados: Foram incluídos 54 olhos (27 pacientes) com razão homem:mulher de 1:2. O tempo médio após a crise foi de 5,0±5,1 anos (1,0 a 23,5) e a pressão intraocular na crise foi 52,5±9,8mmHg. Nos olhos com fechamento angular primário agudo, todas as espessuras das camadas de fibras nervosas da retina peripapilares (36,3%; p<0,001) e de algumas seções maculares (de 2,1 a 4,7%; p<0,01) estavam reduzidas em comparação aos olhos contralaterais. Além do mais, nos olhos submetidos a fechamento angular primário agudo, o mean defect do campo visual foi estatisticamente e negativamente correlacionado com a redução da espessura de todos os quadrantes peripapilares da camada de fibras nervosas da retina. Conclusão: Um único episódio de fechamento angular primário agudo foi associado com redução na espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina peripapilar e da espessura macular e com defeitos de campo visual 1 ano ou mais após a crise no olho afetado. Correlações estatisticamente significativas foram identificadas entre danos estruturais e funcionais.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Disco Óptico/patologia , Glaucoma de Ângulo Fechado/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Nervo Óptico/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/métodos , Fibras Nervosas/patologia , Campos Visuais , Glaucoma de Ângulo Fechado/complicações , Doenças do Nervo Óptico/etiologia , Doença Aguda , Iridectomia , Testes de Campo Visual , Pressão Intraocular , Macula LuteaRESUMO
RESUMO A mácula dome-shaped consiste na elevação convexa da região macular, encontrada principalmente em pacientes com alta miopia. O significado clínico e a correlação com outras patologias oculares ainda são incertos. Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever dois casos de mácula dome-shaped com acúmulo de fluido sub-retiniano em olhos alto míopes. Trata-se de pacientes com baixa acuidade visual, fundus miopicos e nítida elevação em forma de cúpula na área macular vista na tomografia de coerência óptica. A mácula dome-shaped pode cursar com descolamento seroso da retina neurossensorial envolvendo a fóvea, levando à baixa acuidade visual. Sua patogênese ainda não é bem estabelecida. De acordo com a tomografia de coerência óptica, a mácula dome-shaped pode ser classificada em três tipos morfológicos, sendo, nesses dois casos, demonstrada a disposição oval horizontalizada. Interessante ressaltar que o diagnóstico de mácula dome-shaped deve ser considerado em pacientes alto míopes, especialmente quando há queixa de baixa acuidade visual, que pode estar relacionada à presença de fluido sub-retiniano. Como o exame clínico não permite o diagnóstico adequado da mácula em cúpula, a realização da tomografia de coerência óptica com cortes verticais e horizontais é fundamental na suspeita de mácula dome-shaped.
ABSTRACT Dome-shaped macula consists of the convex elevation of the macular region, found mainly in patients with high myopia. The clinical significance and the correlation with other ocular pathologies are still uncertain. This article aims to describe two cases of dome-shaped macula with accumulation of subretinal fluid in high myopic eyes. Those are patients with low visual acuity, myopic fundus and a clear dome-shaped elevation in the macular area at optical coherence tomography. A dome-shaped macula can course with a serous detachment of the sensorineural retina involving the fovea, leading to low visual acuity. Such a pathogenesis is still not well studied. According to the optical coherence tomography, dome-shaped macula can be classified into three morphological types, those two cases being shown in a horizontal, oval arrangement. It is interesting to note that the diagnosis of dome-shaped macula should be considered in patients with high myopia, especially when there is a complaint of low visual acuity, which may be related to the presence of subretinal fluid in cases of dome-shaped macula. As the clinical examination does not allow an adequate diagnosis of the domed macula, the performance of the optical coherence tomography with vertical and horizontal cuts is fundamental in the suspicion of the dome-shaped macula.
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Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Descolamento Retiniano/diagnóstico por imagem , Corioide/diagnóstico por imagem , Macula Lutea/patologia , Macula Lutea/diagnóstico por imagem , Angiofluoresceinografia , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Microscopia com Lâmpada de Fenda , Fundo de Olho , MiopiaRESUMO
This pilot investigation aimed at studying the feasibility of using a low dose (0.2%) of dietary microalgae as a means of improving intestinal morphometry, body weight, and selected meat quality parameters in broilers. A total of 72 one-day-old ROSS 308 male chicks were randomly separated into four groups; three experimental pens in which the birds were fed with biomass from Tysochrysis lutea, Tetraselmis chuii, and Porphyridium cruentum over 30 days and a control group. T. chuii and P. cruentum had a positive effect with regard to body weight. In treated animals, duodenal and ileal sections showed characteristic tall and thin villi, with serrated surfaces and goblet cell differentiation. In both sections, values of the villus-height-to-crypt-depth ratio were increased by microalgae ingestion. The thawing weight loss of fillets was reduced in T. chuii-fed animals. The positive effects exerted by T. chuii and P. cruentum on intestinal architecture were associated with the improved body weight. Arguably, these outcomes exhibit the potential of using these species to enhance growth performance in broiler chickens by promoting gut homeostasis and thus nutrient absorption.
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SUMMARY: This study aimed to investigate the microstructure and ultrastructure of the Bursa cloacalis (Bursa of Fabricius) (BC) in young Leiothrix lutea at various days of age (a few days after hatching) using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The bird BC was sampled at 1, 5, 7, and 9 days of age. Immediately after dissection, the structure and integrity of the BC (not degenerative) were retained and the specific temporal features could be visualized precisely. After hematoxylin-eosin staining and uranyl acetate/lead citrate staining, the microstructure and ultrastructure of the BC, respectively, could be observed clearly. The microscopic observations revealed the following: in addition to change in the size of BC or lymphoid follicles, many cavities were found in the BC; the distribution of the lymphoid follicles in Leiothrix lutea was different from that in other birds; and the segregating line between the bursal cortex and medulla became increasingly clear as the age increased. In conclusion, the structural data obtained in this study provides a better understanding of the specific immunological function of the BC in Leiothrix lutea.
RESUMEN: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la microestructura y ultraestructura de la Bursa cloacalis (BC) en Leiothrix lutea joven unos días después de la eclosión, utilizando microscopía óptica y microscopía electrónica de transmisión. La BC se muestreó a los 1, 5, 7 y 9 días de edad del Leiothrix lutea. Inmediatamente después de la disección, se observó la estructura y la integridad de la CB (no degenerativa) y se pudo visualizar con precisión las características temporales específicas. Después de la tinción con hematoxilina-eosina y con acetato de uranilo /citrato de plomo, pudimos observar claramente la microestructura y ultraestructura de la BC. Las observaciones microscópicas revelaron el cambio en el tamaño de la CB o de los folículos linfoides y además, se encontraron numerosas cavidades en la CB; la distribución de los folículos linfoides en Leiothrix lutea era diferente a la de otras aves; y la línea de segregación entre la corteza bursal y la médula se hizo cada vez más clara a medida que aumentaba la edad. En conclusión, los datos estructurales obtenidos en este estudio proporcionan una mejor comprensión de la función inmunológica específica de la Bursa cloacalis en Leiothrix lutea.
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Animais , Bolsa de Fabricius/ultraestrutura , Passeriformes/anatomia & histologia , Tecido Linfoide/ultraestrutura , Microscopia/métodosRESUMO
ABSTRACT Purpose: To comparatively assess the macular sensitivity threshold of microperimetry and the fixation stability between the first (right) and second (left) tested eye of normal participants. Methods: Thirty healthy patients were randomly assigned to two groups. The participants underwent microperimetry in the fast mode and expert mode in groups I and II, respectively. Each participant underwent a single test and the right eye was tested first. Results: The mean macular sensitivity threshold (± standard deviation [SD]) was 24.5 ± 2.3 dB and 25.7 ± 1.1 dB in the first (right) and second (left) eyes of group I, respectively (p=0.0415) and 26.7 ± 4.5 dB and 27.3 ± 4.0 dB in the first (right) and second (left) eyes of group II, respectively (p=0.58). There was no statistically significant difference between eyes in either group (p=0.1512). Regarding fixation stability (evaluated in the microperimetry expert mode group), the mean ± SD percentage of fixation points within the 1-degree central macula (P1) was 87.9 ± 11.5% in the right eye and 93.8 ± 6.6% in the left eye. The paired t-test did not show a statistically significant difference between eyes (p=0.140). Mean ± SD P2 value was 95.5 ± 4.9% in the right eye and 98.5 ± 2.1% in the left eye. The analysis demonstrated an increase in the percentage of fixation points in the second tested eye compared with the first one (paired t-test= 2.364; p=0.034). There was a negative correlation between the macular sensitivity threshold of the right eye and the duration of the examination for both groups (microperimetry expert mode: r=-0.717; p=0.0026; microperimetry in the fast mode: r=-0.843; p<0.0001). Conclusion: Mean macular sensitivity threshold was higher in the second tested eye in the microperimetry in the fast mode group and was similar in both eyes in the expert mode. Our data suggest that comprehension of the examination by the individual may impact the results of the microperimetry test.(AU)
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar comparativamente o limiar de sensibilidade macular da microperimetria e a estabilidade de fixação entre o primeiro (direito) e o segundo (esquerdo) olhos testados de indivíduos normais. Métodos: Trinta pacientes saudáveis foram divididos aleatoriamente em 2 grupos. Os participantes foram submetidos à microperimetria no "fast mode" e no "expert mode" no grupo I e II, respectivamente. Cada participante foi submetido a um único teste e o olho direito foi testado primeiro. Resultados: No grupo I, o limiar médio de sensibilidade macular (± DP) foi de 24,5 ± 2,3 dB e 25,7 ± 1,1 dB nos olhos direito e esquerdo, respectivamente (p=0,0415). No grupo II foi de 26,7 ± 4,5 dB e 27,3 ± 4,0 dB nos olhos direito e esquerdo, respectivamente (p=0,58). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os olhos dos dois grupos (p=0,1512). Em relação à estabilidade de fixação (avaliada no grupo microperimetria no "expert mode"), a média das porcentagens dos pontos de fixação dentro do 1 grau central da mácula (P1) ± DP foi de 87,9 ± 11,5% no olho direito e de 93,8 ± 6,6% no olho esquerdo. O teste t pareado não mostrou diferença estatística entre os olhos (p=0,140). O valor médio de P2 ± DP foi de 95,5 ± 4,9% no olho direito e 98,5 ± 2,1% no olho esquerdo. Foi demonstrado um aumento na porcentagem de pontos de fixação no segundo olho testado quando comparado ao primeiro (teste t pareado= 2,364; p=0,034). Houve correlação negativa entre o limiar de sensibilidade macular do olho direito e a duração do exame nos dois grupos (microperimetria no "expert mode": r=-0,717; p=0,0026; microperimetria no "fast mode": r=-0,843; p <0,0001). Conclusão: O limiar médio de sensibilidade macular foi maior no segundo olho testado no grupo microperimetria no "fast mode" e foi semelhante nos dois olhos no "expert mode". Nossos dados sugerem que a compreensão do exame pelo indivíduo pode impactar nos resultados da microperimetria.(AU)
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Humanos , Acuidade Visual , Fixação Ocular , Macula Lutea/diagnóstico por imagem , Campos Visuais , ViésRESUMO
New diagnostic characters were used to study the genus Litoblatta Hebard: paraprocts, styles due to their shape and distribution of spines, and sclerites of the genitalia of the male with emphasis on the right complex. Male and female genitalia are described in detail. Four new species of cockroaches are described, Litoblatta elisae, Litoblatta lutea, Litoblatta misionerae, and Litoblatta tucumanae. The number of species recorded for Argentina rises to 7 and a key for male determination is provided. The geographic distribution of the studied species of cockroaches is extended.
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Blattellidae , Distribuição Animal , Animais , Argentina , Feminino , Genitália , MasculinoRESUMO
ABSTRACT Sophisticated imaging systems have helped to redefine the clinical presentation of acute macular neuroretinopathy and have markedly enhanced diagnostic sensitivity. The proposed mechanism of paracentral acute middle maculopathy is related to ischemia at the level of the superficial and deep retinal capillary plexi. This is a case report of a patient who developed an acute macular neuroretinopathy after an uneventful angioplasty with stents in the coronary artery.
RESUMO Sistemas de imagem sofisticados ajudaram a redefinir a apresentação clínica da neurorretinopatia macular aguda e têm sensibilidade diagnóstica marcadamente aumentada. A maculopatia média aguda paracentral tem sido relacionada à isquemia ao nível dos plexos capilares superficial e profundo da retina. Este é um relato de caso de paciente que desenvolveu uma neurorretinopatia macular aguda após uma cirurgia de angioplastia com stents da artéria coronária sem complicações.
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Humanos , Feminino , Stents/efeitos adversos , Angioplastia/efeitos adversos , Vasos Coronários/cirurgia , Aterosclerose/cirurgia , Angiofluoresceinografia , Doença Aguda , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Síndrome dos Pontos Brancos/etiologia , Síndrome dos Pontos Brancos/diagnóstico por imagem , Degeneração Macular , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
This study was conducted in ewes to assess effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration after imposing an estrous induction treatment regimen. Ewes (n = 115) were treated with a 60 mg medroxyprogesterone-intravaginal-sponge for 6 d plus 200 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) im and 37.5 µg d-cloprostenol im 36 h before sponge removal (Day 0). After natural mating, ewes having at least one corpus luteum (CL; n = 108) were administered either 1 mL of saline (G-Control; n = 53) or 300 IU of hCG (G-hCG; n = 55) on Day 7.5 after sponge removal (Day 0). Ovarian ultrasonography and blood collection were performed on Days 7.5, 13.5, 17.5, 21.5, and 30.5. Accessory CL (aCL) were observed in 81.5 % (G-hCG) and 0.0 % (G-Control) of ewes (P = 0.0001). Diameter, area, and volume of luteal tissue were greater (P < 0.05) in G-hCG from Day 13.5 to 30.5. Progesterone (P4) concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) on Days 13.5, 17.5, 21.5 and 30.5 for ewes of the G-hCG group. Pregnancy percentage was similar (P = 0.25) between groups [47.1 % (G-control) compared with 60.0 % (G-hCG)], although total number of lambs produced by estrous synchronized ewes was greater (P = 0.005) in ewes of the G-hCG group (90.9 % compared with 66.0 %). In conclusion, hCG administration 7.5 days after sponge removal from Morada Nova ewes during the non-breeding season is an effective treatment to induce aCL formation, improve luteal tissue biometry and P4 concentrations, and to enhance the total number of lambs born.
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Gonadotropina Coriônica/farmacologia , Corpo Lúteo/efeitos dos fármacos , Sincronização do Estro/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovinos , Animais , Gonadotropina Coriônica/administração & dosagem , Cloprostenol/farmacologia , Anticoncepcionais Orais Hormonais/farmacologia , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Humanos , Luteolíticos/farmacologia , Medroxiprogesterona/administração & dosagem , Medroxiprogesterona/farmacologia , Gravidez , Progesterona/sangue , Substâncias para o Controle da Reprodução/administração & dosagem , Substâncias para o Controle da Reprodução/farmacologiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Purpose: Reduction of ganglion cell layer thickness may occur in diabetic patients without retinopathy. The relationships of this preclinical finding with retinal thickness or reduced parafoveal vessel density have not been established. This study investigated the relationships of ganglion cell layer thickness with retinal thickness and parafoveal vessel density in patients with and without diabetes. Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional, prospective study that used optical coherence tomography angiography to compare non-diabetic patients (group 1) with diabetic patients without retinopathy (group 2). Ganglion cell layer thickness, macular thickness, and parafoveal vessel density (central, inner, and complete) medians were compared between groups (Mann-Whitney U test), and their relationships were assessed in each group (Spearman Rho test). Results: In total, 68 eyes were included in this study: 34 in group 1 and 34 in group 2. Ganglion cell layer thickness did not differ between groups in any sector. There were strong positive correlations between fields 2 (superior parafoveal), 3 (temporal parafoveal), and 4 (inferior parafoveal) of the optical coherence tomography macular thickness map and the ganglion cell layer thickness in all sectors in both groups. Central vessel density mean was lower in diabetic patients. In group 1 alone, thickness changes in the inferior and nasal inferior ganglion cell layer sectors were partially explained by inner vessel density (r2=0.32 and r2=0.27). Conclusions: Mean ganglion cell layer thickness was not lower in diabetic patients without retinopathy than in non-diabetic patients. Moreover, it exhibited a substantial correlation with total macular thickness. Parafoveal vessel density decreased before ganglion cell layer thinning was observed.
RESUMO Objetivo: Pode ocorrer redução da espessura da camada de células ganglionares em pacientes diabéticos sem retinopatia. As relações desse achado pré-clínico com a espessura da retina ou a densidade reduzida de vasos parafoveais não foram estabelecidas. Este estudo investigou as relações da espessura da camada de células ganglionares com a espessura da retina e densidade dos vasos parafoveais em pacientes com e sem diabetes. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, observacional, transversal que utilizou angiotomografia de coerência óptica para comparar pacientes não diabéticos (grupo 1) com pacientes diabéticos sem retinopatia (grupo 2). As médias da espessura da camada de células ganglionares, espessura macular e densidade dos vasos parafoveais (central, interno e completo) foram comparadas entre os grupos (teste U de Mann-Whitney) e suas relações foram avaliadas em cada grupo (Teste de Spearman Rho). Resultados: No total, 68 olhos foram incluídos neste estudo: 34 no grupo 1 e 34 no grupo 2. A espessura da camada de células ganglionares não diferiu entre os grupos em nenhum setor. Houve fortes correlações positivas entre os campos 2 (parafoveal superior), 3 (parafoveal temporal) e 4 (parafoveal inferior) do mapa da espessura macular da tomografia de coerência óptica e a espessura da camada de células ganglionares em todos os setores dos dois grupos. A média da densidade central dos vasos foi menor nos pacientes diabéticos. Somente no grupo 1, as alterações de espessura da camada de células ganglionares nos setores inferior e nasal inferior foram parcialmente explicadas pela densidade do vaso interno (r2=0,32 e r2=0,27). Conclusões: A média da espessura da camada de células ganglionares não foi menor em pacientes diabéticos sem retinopatia do que em pacientes não diabéticos. Além disso, exibiu uma correlação substancial com a espessura macular total. A densidade dos vasos parafoveais diminui antes do desbaste da camada de células ganglionares.
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Humanos , Retina , Doenças Retinianas , Diabetes Mellitus , Retinopatia Diabética , Retina/patologia , Retina/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Prospectivos , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Retinopatia Diabética/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
This study was conducted to assess effects of two hormonal treatments on ovarian follicular status, estrous synchrony and fertility in dairy goats during the non-breeding season when duration of progestogen device use varied by 12â¯h. In both experiments, does were administered 60â¯mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate via intravaginal devices, respectively, for 6 and 6.5 d (G6 and G6.5). At 24 or 36â¯h before device removal, 200 IU of eCG im and 30⯵gâ¯d-cloprostenol im were administered. In Experiment 1 (n = 24), data related to sexual behavior and that were collected using ovarian ultrasonography were recorded, and in Experiment 2 (nâ¯=â¯83) fertility was assessed after Flexible Time Artificial Insemination (FxTAI). The interval from device removal to estrus was shorter (P < 0.05) after imposing the G6.5 treatment regimen. Diameter of largest and second-largest ovarian follicles and interval from device removal to ovulation were similar (P> 0.05) between groups. The does treated with the G6.5 hormonal regimen had greater estrous synchrony, associated with greater development of largest follicles at the time of device removal, which might have led to a lesser fertility rate (P > 0.05). Conversely, treatment with the G6 hormonal regimen resulted in a greater conception rate. In conclusion, increasing time the intravaginal device is inserted from 6 to 6.5 d resulted in greater estrous synchrony, advanced ovarian follicular development, abnormal CL function and lesser pregnancy rates in artificially inseminated dairy goats when there were treatments during the non-breeding season.
Assuntos
Sincronização do Estro/métodos , Cabras/fisiologia , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Progestinas/administração & dosagem , Animais , Gonadotropina Coriônica/administração & dosagem , Gonadotropina Coriônica/farmacologia , Cloprostenol/administração & dosagem , Cloprostenol/farmacologia , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Gravidez , Taxa de Gravidez , Progestinas/farmacologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Oxidative stress is a mechanism of cadmium-induced reproductive dysfunction. Carpolobia lutea is a free radical scavenger. Our study investigated the potential protective effects of Carpolobia lutea root methanol extract against cadmium-induced reproductive toxicity. METHODS: We obtained the Carpolobia lutea root in Akure, and it was authenticated at the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN) herbarium, Ibadan, Nigeria, with FHI number 109784. We used Soxhlet extraction to obtain its methanol extract. We used thirty male Wistar rats (150-170g) in this study, (n=5 per group), and treated them as follows: Control (1 ml/kg normal saline), Cd (2 mg/kg), Cd+MCL (2 mg/kg+100 mg/kg), Cd+MCL (2 mg/kg+200 mg/kg), MCL (100 mg/kg), MCL (200 mg/kg). We administered Carpolobia lutea orally for 8 weeks. We administered a single dose of 2 mg/kg of cadmium intraperitoneally. We assessed the sperm profile using a computer-aided sperm analyzer. Under microscopy, we determined the sperm acrosome reaction and the DNA damage. We measured the seminal fructose level using spectrophotometry, and the data were analyzed using ANOVA at p<0.05. RESULTS: Cd+MCL (2mg/kg+200 mg/kg) significantly increased sperm count (339.0±25.0 vs. 29.0±4.5 million/mL), motility (80.0±0.2 vs. 55.0±4.9%), viability (68.7±2.7 vs. 31.3±2.9%) and decreased abnormal sperm (28.3±1.7 vs. 43.3±2.5%), relative to the cadmium group. Cd+MCL (2mg/kg+200 mg/kg) significantly increased acrosome reaction (68.0±7.5 vs. 15.2±2.4%) and seminal fructose level (0.49±0.06 vs. 0.28±0.06 mmol/L) relative to the cadmium group. Cd+MCL (2mg/kg+200 mg/kg) significantly decreased sperm DNA damage (14.1±1.6 vs. 35.9±5.3%) in relation to the cadmium group. CONCLUSIONS: Carpolobia lutea root extract improves the sperm variables of rats exposed to cadmium.
Assuntos
Reação Acrossômica/efeitos dos fármacos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Cádmio/toxicidade , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Análise do Sêmen , Contagem de Espermatozoides , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Resumen: OBJETIVO: Comparar la tasa de blastocistos euploides obtenida después de la estimulación ovárica en fase folicular con la fase lútea en un mismo ciclo menstrual en pacientes con deficiente respuesta ovárica. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio clínico, prospectivo y comparativo llevado a cabo en el Centro de Reproducción Arcos, Nascere, entre los meses de enero a julio de 2019. Se incluyeron pacientes con pobre respuesta ovárica según los criterios de Bologna y con indicación de PGT-A. Las estimulaciones en fase folicular y lútea se efectuaron con antagonista de la GnRH y FSHr/LHr (2:1) a partir del día 3 del ciclo y 5 días después de la primera recuperación de los ovocitos. Para completar el proceso de maduración ovocitaria se utilizaron análogos de GnRH, se tomó una biopsia de trofoectodermo en día 5-7. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 20 pacientes. Al comparar la fase folicular con la lútea la tasa de fertilización fue de 79% (IC95%: 29-46) vs 55% (IC95%: 34-53), la tasa de blastocistos 42% (IC95%: 19-44) vs 45% (IC95%: 24-55) y la tasa de blastocistos euploides 100% (IC95%: 44-53) vs 70% (IC95%: 38-46), respectivamente. Solo la tasa de recuperación de ovocitos en metafase II mostró diferencias significativas entre ambas fases 40% (IC95%: 18-37) vs 59% (IC95%: 31-59), p = 0.0333 en la fase folicular y lútea, respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: La estimulación ovárica bifásica (folicular-lútea), en el mismo ciclo menstrual (DuoStim), resultó en mayor tasa de recuperación de ovocitos en metafase II durante la fase lútea. Sin embargo, las tasas de desarrollo embrionario a día 5-6 (blastocistos) y de embriones euploides fueron similares entre ambas fases.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Euploid blastocyst rate comparison between ovarian stimulation in follicular vs luteal phase performed in the same menstrual cycle in patients with poor ovarian response. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical, prospective and comparative study conducted at Centro de Reproducción Arcos S.C., "Nascere", during january-july, 2019. Patients with PGT-A indication and poor ovarian response according to Bologna criteria were included. Under a short GnRH-antagonist protocol, stimulations, both in follicular and luteal phase were performed using rFSH/rLH (2:1) from day 3 of the cycle and 5 days after the first oocyte retrieval. In addition, ovulation trigger with an GnRH agonist was used, finally, on day 5-6 of embryo development, trophoctoctoderm biopsy was performed. RESULTS: In this study, 20 patients were included; when comparing follicular phase vs luteal phase, we found that fertilization rate was 79% (95%CI 29-46) vs 55% (95%CI 34-53), blastocysts rate was 42% (95%CI 19-44) vs 45% (95%CI 24-55) and euploid embryo rate was 100% (95%CI 44-53) vs 70% (95%CI 38-46). Only the oocyte recovery rate in metaphase II showed significant differences between both phases 40% (IC 95% 18-37) vs 59% (IC 95% 31-59), p=0.0333. CONCLUSION: Biphasic ovarian stimulation (follicular/ luteal) in the same menstrual cycle (DuoStim) resulted in a higher metaphase II ooctye recovery rate during the luteal phase in comparison with the follicular phase. However, the rates of blastocysts and euploid blastocysts were similar between both phases.
RESUMO
Arthur de Carvalho Drops® (ACD) is a traditional Brazilian herbal medicine used to treat functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). ACD is a formulation of herbal extracts from Matricaria recutita (chamomile), Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) and Gentiana lutea L. (gentian). Considering the popular use for FGIDs, the aim of this work was to investigate the ACD effect on gastric and intestinal parameters with emphasis in a mechanistic approach using isolated duodenal preparations of rodents. Analytical method was developed and validated for quantify three actives principles/markers (Apigenin-7-glucoside, gentiopicroside and anethole) in ACD. The treatment with ACD significantly reduced the emetogenic stimuli induced by cisplatin in rats, showed a laxative effect, reduced the bethanechol-enhanced gastrointestinal transit and completely reversed the contraction induced by carbachol in rat duodenum. However, ACD did not alter the secretory gastric volume or total gastric acidity. The ACD affect the contractions of duodenal smooth muscle mediated by Ca2+ channels and it is also able to inhibit the contractile response mediated by the release from its intracellular store. Furthermore, the relaxant effects of ACD appear independent of the nitric oxide pathway in rat duodenum. These results suggest that ACD could be beneficial for the treatment of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.
RESUMO
To assist in evaluating and quantifying tissue changes, fractal dimension (FD) is a useful method for assessing the organization in an image from fractals that describes the amount of space and the self-similarity of the structure, once FD detects subtle morphological changes and performs functional quantitative measures. Here, we hypothesized that fractal analysis may be different in functional and regressing bovine corpus luteum (CL) and may be correlated with differential expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling. CL presents two developmental stages, the functional and regressing CL, according to progesterone levels and morphology. First, we found a lower FD in functional CL using HE staining and picrosirius red approach. Additionally, we found a great amount of total collagen in regressing CL. Regarding gene expression, we showed an up regulation of COL1A1, COL1A2, MMP2, and MMP14 and a down regulation of TIMP1 and TIMP2 in regressing CL compared to the functional one. Thus, we concluded that differential FD observed during luteal regression is an effective method to evaluate the tissue changes observed during luteal development in cattle and is related to differential quantity of genes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling.
Assuntos
Colágeno Tipo I/genética , Corpo Lúteo/metabolismo , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Luteólise/metabolismo , Animais , Compostos Azo , Bovinos , Colágeno Tipo I/metabolismo , Corpo Lúteo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Corpo Lúteo/ultraestrutura , Amarelo de Eosina-(YS) , Matriz Extracelular/ultraestrutura , Feminino , Fractais , Hematoxilina , Histocitoquímica/métodos , Luteólise/genética , Metaloproteinase 14 da Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinase 14 da Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz/metabolismo , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , Inibidor Tecidual de Metaloproteinase-1/genética , Inibidor Tecidual de Metaloproteinase-1/metabolismo , Inibidor Tecidual de Metaloproteinase-2/genética , Inibidor Tecidual de Metaloproteinase-2/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Zika is a flavivirus that can be transmitted transplacentally. Eye abnormalities have been reported in 70% of Zika cases, and 41.7% of them can occur in the absence of microcephaly. The most common ocular abnormalities are macular atrophy, optic atrophy and chorioretinal coloboma. The objective was to report the case of eye disorders associated with Zika, acquired transplacentally, despite negative results for TORCH, and serology and PCR analyses for Zika. CLINICAL CASE: 9-month-old female patient, born in Chiapas, Mexico, brought to an ophthalmologic evaluation because she did not follow objects. As family background patient's mother had Zika, confirmed serologically at 9 weeks gestation. Physical examination revealed microcephaly, redundant skin on neck, joint stiffness and delayed psychomotor development. Ophthalmological examination revealed in right eye atrophy of the optic nerve, and left eye with exotropia, macular scar and optic nerve aplasia. TORCH profile and serology and PCR for Zika were negative. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the negative serology for Zika, given the history of pregnancy and the pre and post-natal clinical manifestations, diagnosis of embryopathy secondary to Zika infection with optic nerve aplasia, chorioretinal atrophy, macular scar, microcephaly and global neurodevelopmental delay was made.
INTRODUCCIÓN: el Zika es un flavivirus que puede ser transmitido de forma transplacentaria. Las anomalías oculares han sido reportadas en un 70% de los casos y se ha visto que 41.7% de ellas pueden ocurrir en ausencia de microcefalia. Las alteraciones oculares más comunes son: atrofia macular, atrofia óptica y coloboma coriorretiniano. El objetivo de este estudio fue reportar un caso de alteraciones oculares asociadas a Zika, adquirido de forma transplacentaria, a pesar de los resultados negativos para el perfil TORCH y Zika de los análisis de serología y PCR. CASO CLÍNICO: paciente femenina de nueve meses de edad, originaria de Chiapas, México, traída a revisión oftalmológica porque no seguía objetos. Como antecedentes, la paciente tenía madre con diagnóstico de Zika confirmado serológicamente a las nueve semanas de gestación. A la exploración física se encontró microcefalia, piel redundante en cuello, rigidez articular y retraso en el desarrollo psicomotor. A la exploración oftalmológica fueron evidentes atrofia del nervio óptico de ojo derecho, ojo izquierdo con exotropía, cicatriz macular y aplasia del nervio óptico. Tanto el perfil TORCH como la serología y la PCR para Zika fueron negativos. CONCLUSIONES: a pesar de la serología negativa para Zika, dados los antecedentes de la gestación y las manifestaciones clínicas pre y postnatales se integró el diagnóstico de embriopatía secundaria a infección por Zika con aplasia del nervio óptico, atrofia coriorretiniana, cicatriz macular, microcefalia y retraso global del neurodesarrollo.
Assuntos
Microcefalia/diagnóstico , Infecção por Zika virus/congênito , Infecção por Zika virus/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Tardio , Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/diagnóstico , Exotropia/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Atrofia Óptica/diagnóstico , Nervo Óptico/anormalidades , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Primeiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Anormalidades da Pele/diagnóstico , Infecção por Zika virus/transmissãoRESUMO
Abstract Objective: To compare macular and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses of dominant eye and non-dominant eye using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: 104 eyes of 52 healthy young adults were included. Ophthalmological examinations; including measuring refraction, best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, slit-lamb biomicroscopy, dilated fundus examination, measuring of central macular thickness (CMT), and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (PRNFL) thickness were performed on each subject. Hole-in-the-card test was used to detect the ocular dominance. Results: There were 25 females (48%) and 27 males (52%) in the study. Eight participants had left eye dominance (15%), forty-four participants had right eye dominance (85%). Mean CMT was 192.5µm in dominant group and 191.9 µm in non-dominant group. There was no statistically significant difference between dominant eye group and non-dominant eye group in either macular thickness or peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Conclusions: No difference between macular and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses were detected in dominant and non-dominant groups. Further evaluation is needed.
Resumo Objetivo: Comparar as espessuras da camada de fibras nervosas da retina macular e peripapilar do olho dominante e não dominante usando a tomografia de coerência óptica (OCT). Métodos: 104 olhos de 52 adultos jovens saudáveis foram incluídos. Exames oftalmológicos; incluindo medidas de refração, melhor acuidade visual corrigida, medição da pressão intraocular (PIO), biomicroscopia de fenda-cordeiro, exame do fundo dilatado, medição da espessura macular central (CMT) e espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina peripapilar (PRNFL) foram realizadas em cada sujeito. O teste Hole-in-the-card foi usado para detectar a dominância ocular. Resultados: houve 25 mulheres (48%) e 27 homens (52%) no estudo. Oito participantes tinham deixado a dominância do olho (15%), quarenta e quatro participantes tinham dominância do olho direito (85%). A CMT média foi de 192,5 µm no grupo dominante e 191,9 µm no grupo não dominante. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o grupo dominante de olho e o grupo de olho não dominante tanto na espessura macular quanto na espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina peripapilar. Conclusões: Não houve diferença entre as espessuras das camadas de fibras nervosas da retina macular e peripapilar nos grupos dominante e não dominante. Mais avaliações são necessárias.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Retina/anatomia & histologia , Dominância Ocular/fisiologia , Macula Lutea/anatomia & histologia , Fibras Nervosas , Estudo Comparativo , Estudos Prospectivos , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Pressão IntraocularRESUMO
Abstract Objective The aim of the present study was to assess the anthropometric measures, food intake and food cravings during the menstrual cycle of undergraduate students of the faculty of nutrition. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed with 27 students from a public university in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, who had their food intake evaluated through a 24-hour food recall, their nutritional status evaluated based on anthropometric measures, and food cravings evaluated using the Food Desire Questionnaire. Data were collected during an evaluation in the follicular phase (between the 5th and the 9th day of the menstrual cycle) and another in the luteal phase (LP) (between the 20th and the 25th day of the menstrual cycle). For food intake variables, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used, followed by the Tukey test. The Mann-Whitney test was used for the analysis of food cravings, considering a significance level of 5% (p< 0.05). Results The desire for foods rich in sugar, salt, and fat, such as chocolate, pastries, snacks and desserts were higher (p< 0.05) during the premenstrual period, although it did not reflect neither a higher energy intake nor an alteration in the distribution of macronutrients. A higher intake of carbohydrates, proteins, fibers, and calcium was observed during the LP; however, without statistical difference between the groups. There were no differences either in the intake of any food group or in the anthropometric measurements (p> 0.05). Conclusion Food cravings of nutrition students differed between the phases of the menstrual cycle; however, with no difference in food intake and in anthropometric measures.
Resumo Objetivo Verificar alterações de medidas corporais, consumo e desejos alimentares durante o ciclo menstrual de acadêmicas de nutrição. Métodos Estudo transversal com 27 estudantes de uma universidade pública do Mato Grosso do Sul, as quais tiveram seu consumo alimentar avaliado por meio de recordatório alimentar de 24 horas, estado nutricional avaliado com base em medidas antropométricas, e desejos alimentares avaliados utilizando-se o Questionário de Desejo Alimentar. Os dados foram coletados durante uma avaliação na fase folicular (entre o 5° e o 9° dia do ciclo menstrual) e outra na fase lútea (entre o 20° e o 25° dia do ciclo menstrual). Para as variáveis de consumo alimentar, utilizou-se o teste análise de variância (ANOVA, na sigla em inglês), seguido pelo teste de Tukey. Já para a análise dos desejos alimentares, utilizou-se o teste de Mann-Whitney. Foi considerado o nível de significância de 5% (p< 0,05). Resultados Os desejos por alimentos ricos em açúcar, sal e gordura, como chocolates, produtos de pastelaria, lanches e sobremesas foram maiores (p< 0,05) no momento pré-menstrual, apesar de não refletirem em maior consumo energético e tampouco em alteração na distribuição de macronutrientes. Observou-se maior consumo de carboidratos, proteínas, fibras e cálcio na fase lútea; no entanto, sem diferença estatística entre os grupos. Não foram encontradas diferenças no consumo de nenhum grupo alimentar, tampouco nas medidas antropométricas (p> 0,05). Conclusão Os desejos alimentares das acadêmicas de nutrição diferiram entre as fases; no entanto, sem diferença no consumo alimentar e nas medidas corporais.