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The association of chronic exposure to pesticides with overweight and abdominal obesity in adult farmers was investigated. This cross-sectional study included a random sample of 122 farmers and their family members of both sexes (61% were male), living in the municipality of Farroupilha, southern Brazil. Pesticide groups and their individual compounds were self-reported and classified according to major functional and chemical classes (never used, 1-20 years, or > 20 years of use). Abdominal obesity and overweight were the outcomes of interest. A multivariate Poisson regression model was analyzed. After confounding factors were controlled, chronic use (>20 years) of insecticides (PR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.00-2.10) and organophosphorus pesticides (PR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.02-2.12) was associated with a higher prevalence of overweight but not abdominal obesity. Additional studies are needed to confirm our findings and clarify the specific mechanisms of these pollutants in the etiology of obesity.
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Exposição Ocupacional , Praguicidas , Adulto , Feminino , Masculino , Humanos , Fazendeiros , Praguicidas/toxicidade , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Sobrepeso/induzido quimicamente , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Compostos Organofosforados , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Obesidade Abdominal/induzido quimicamente , Obesidade Abdominal/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate histopathological and inflammatory response in liver and kidney of rats after crack exposure. For this purpose, a total of 32 male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: (G1) and (G2): received 18 mg/kg of body weight (b.w) of crack cocaine, but Group G2 remained 72 h without exposure after the experimental period (5 days). Experimental group 3 (G3): received 36 mg/kg of body weight (b.w) of crack cocaine. Control Group (CTRL): received only the vehicle (DMSO) administered by intraperitoneal (i.p) route for 5 days. The results showed that crack cocaine induced histopathological changes in liver and kidney. Immunohistochemistry data revealed that G2 group showed a higher immunoexpression of Ki-67 in hepatic and renal tissues. Regarding inflammation, the results showed that all groups exposed to crack cocaine decreased the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 in liver and kidney. In summary, our results showed that the subacute doses of crack cocaine used in this study had cytotoxic, and immunosuppressive effects in liver and kidney of rats, especially at 36 mg/kg dose. Since cellular death and inflammation participates in the multi-step process of chemical carcinogenesis, these data offer new insights into potential ways to understand the pathobiological mechanisms induced by crack cocaine in several tissues and organs.
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Cocaína Crack , Animais , Peso Corporal , Cocaína Crack/toxicidade , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Fígado , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Adjuvant chemotherapy with trastuzumab for HER2 positive breast cancers has brought considerable benefits to disease-free survival and overall survival. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of the treatment of patients with early and locally advanced HER2 positive breast cancer, within the scope of the Brazilian public health system, comparing adjuvant chemotherapy with and without trastuzumab, for 1 year of treatment. METHODS: A 4-state Markov model was developed to estimate strategy costs and outcomes. RESULTS: Based on the proposed model, we verified an incremental benefit of trastuzumab therapy compared to treatment without trastuzumab with 0.84 quality-adjusted life years (QALY) and 1.16 life years gained (LYG). The use of adjuvant chemotherapy with trastuzumab has an ICER of US$19,599.26 for each quality-adjusted life year and US$14,180.68 for each life year gained in relation to chemotherapy without trastuzumab. CONCLUSION: In Brazil, adjuvant chemotherapy with trastuzumab may be considered cost-effective only if a cost-effectiveness threshold is stipulated with the value starting at three times the Brazilian GDP per capita for QALY or two times the Brazilian GDP per capita for LYG, from health system perspective.
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Antineoplásicos Imunológicos , Neoplasias da Mama , Trastuzumab , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/economia , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Brasil , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Análise Custo-Benefício , Feminino , Humanos , Trastuzumab/economia , Trastuzumab/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a systemic and neglected parasitic disease. Its main symptoms are fever, splenomegaly with or without hepatomegaly, and anemia, however, most individuals remain asymptomatic. Due to the lack of a gold standard and the limitations of current diagnostic techniques, where parasitology is ethically unfeasible for individuals without symptoms and serological tests do not differentiate between past and present disease, molecular methodologies are the most suitable. AREAS COVERED: We performed a systematic review analyzing the molecular techniques based on PCR used, so far, to detect asymptomatic cases of VL in humans. Structured searches were carried out on PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, and Web of Science databases without time and language restrictions. Two reviewers evaluated the studies, performed data extraction, and quality assessment by assigning scores. EXPERT OPINION: qPCR using RNA targets can be used in the diagnosis of asymptomatic cases of human VL, due to its characteristics. We recommend further studies to analyze the methodology, mainly observing the use of different rRNA targets. Therefore, we hope that this technique contributed to the construction of public policies that address the diagnosis and handling of asymptomatic patients.
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Leishmaniose Visceral , Humanos , Leishmaniose Visceral/diagnóstico , Leishmaniose Visceral/parasitologia , Técnicas de Amplificação de Ácido NucleicoRESUMO
Single-stranded positive RNA ((+) ssRNA) viruses include several important human pathogens. Some members are responsible for large outbreaks, such as Zika virus, West Nile virus, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, while others are endemic, causing an enormous global health burden. Since vaccines or specific treatments are not available for most viral infections, the discovery of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) is an urgent need. Still, the low-throughput nature of and biosafety concerns related to traditional antiviral assays hinders the discovery of new inhibitors. With the advances of reverse genetics, reporter replicon systems have become an alternative tool for the screening of DAAs. Herein, we review decades of the use of (+) ssRNA viruses replicon systems for the discovery of antiviral agents. We summarize different strategies used to develop those systems, as well as highlight some of the most promising inhibitors identified by the method. Despite the genetic alterations introduced, reporter replicons have been shown to be reliable systems for screening and identification of viral replication inhibitors and, therefore, an important tool for the discovery of new DAAs.
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Antivirais/farmacologia , Descoberta de Drogas/métodos , Genes Reporter/fisiologia , Vírus de RNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Replicon/fisiologia , Animais , Antivirais/química , Linhagem Celular , Chlorocebus aethiops , Cricetinae , Humanos , Vírus de RNA/genética , Transfecção , Células VeroRESUMO
El herpes zoster (HZ) en niños es una patología infrecuente. Objetivo: Describir las hospitalizaciones por HZ en niños. Métodos: Prospectivamente se seleccionaron los menores de 12 años hospitalizados con HZ en Pediatría-Infecciosa-HUC, entre el 2000 y 2015. Se recolectaron datos clínico-epidemiológicos, serologías virales y subpoblación de linfocitos. Completado los años de estudio, se evaluó la recurrencia de HZ y la adquisición de condiciones inmunosupresoras. Resultados: De 8 758 niños hospitalizados, 28 fueron seleccionados, ocho presentaron alguna condición inmunosupresora. La edad promedio fue 6,99 años e ingresaron a los 3,92 días de enfermedad. Ninguno tuvo inmunización contra varicela. Consultaron previo al ingreso 12/28 niños con diagnósticos errados 6/12. El antecedente de varicela in útero o antes del año de edad fue más frecuente en los niños sanos (P=0,04). El dermatoma más afectado fue el del trigémino (36 %). La media de hospitalización fue 7,6 días con complicaciones inherentes al virus en 7/28 niños sin diferencias entre sanos e inmucocomprometidos. Los CD4 fueron reportados en 15/28 niños con valores disminuidos en 2/12 inmunocompetentes y 2/3 inmunocomprometidos (P=0,08). Los inmunocomprometidos con CD4 bajos tuvieron un RR=4 de complicarse. Las serologías para el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana resultaron negativas. No hubo recurrencias HZ ni la adquisición de inmunosupresión en el seguimiento realizado a 9 pacientes. Conclusiones: HZ es una causa rara de hospitalización en pediatría pudiendo afectar inmunocompetentes e inmunocomprometidos, cursando con complicaciones frecuentes con mayor riesgo en niños inmunocomprometidos con CD4 bajos. El antecedente de varicela antes del año de edad fue el factor predisponente detectado.
Herpes zoster (HZ) in children is an uncommon condition. Objective: To describe children's herpes zoster hospitalization. Methods: children under 12 years of age hospitalized with HZ in Pediatrics-Infectious-HUC between 2000 and 2015 were selected. Clinical and epidemiological data, viral serology and lymphocyte subpopulation were collected. After completing the years of study, viral recurrence and the acquisition of immunosuppressive conditions were evaluated. Results: Of 8 758 hospitalized children, 28 were selected, eight with immunosuppressive status. The mean age was 6.99 years and they were hospitalized at 3.92 days from the onset of the illness. Twelve patients were consulted prior to their admittance and 6 were misdiagnosed. The history of varicella in utero or before the first year was more frequent in healthy children (P=0.04). The most affected dermatome was the trigeminal (36 %). An average hospitalization duration was 7.6 days with complications inherent to virus in 7/28 children with no difference between healthy and immunocompromised ones. None was immunized against varicella. CD4 was reported in fifteen children with low count in 2/12 immunocompetent and 2/3 immunocompromised (P=0.08). Immunocompromised patients with complicated HZ and low CD4 had a RR = 4.1. Serologies for the human immunodeficiency virus came out negative. There were no HZ recurrences nor the acquisition of immunosuppression in the follow-up of nine patients. Conclusions: HZ is a rare cause of hospitalization that may affect immunocompetent children well as immunocompromised ones and frequently presents complications with a greater risk to the immunocompromised group with low CD4. The antecedent of varicella before the first year of age was the predisposing factor detected.
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RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO Apesar dos altos índices de depressão e ansiedade, os profissionais de saúde ainda têm dificuldades em lidar com essas enfermidades, principalmente quando envolvem os estudantes universitários e profissionais da área da saúde. OBJETIVO Estimar a prevalência e os fatores associados à depressão e ansiedade em estudantes universitários da área da saúde. MÉTODOS Foi realizado um estudo transversal analítico com alunos do primeiro ano dos cursos da saúde (Biomedicina, Enfermagem, Fisioterapia, Medicina e Odontologia) de um Centro Universitário no Ceará. Foram aplicados três questionários. O primeiro envolvia aspectos sociodemográficos; o segundo foi o Inventário de Depressão Beck (BDI) (adaptação e padronização brasileira); e o terceiro, o Inventário de Ansiedade Beck (BAI) (adaptação e padronização brasileira). Os dados foram digitados utilizando-se o software Epi-info, versão 3.5.1. e analisados no Stata 11.2. Análise bivariada foi realizada para as associações entre as variáveis por meio da Razão de Prevalência (RP), sendo calculados seus respectivos intervalos de confiança e considerados significativos aqueles que apresentaram um p < 0,05. O projeto foi aprovado pelo CEP, por meio do CAAE nº 1.132.140, de 30 de junho de 2015. RESULTADOS Responderam aos questionários 476 estudantes. Predominou o sexo feminino (71,6%), estudantes com menos de 20 anos de idade (69,3%) e solteiros (92,0%). As prevalências de depressão e ansiedade foram de 28,6% e 36,1%, respectivamente. Estudantes menos satisfeitos com o curso apresentaram chance quase quatro vezes maior de terem depressão (p < 0,001). Destacaram-se ainda fatores de risco como relacionamento familiar insatisfatório (p < 0,001), quantidade insuficiente de sono (p = 0,006) e relacionamento com amigos insatisfatório (p < 0,001). A prevalência de ansiedade esteve mais associada ao sexo feminino (p < 0,001) e entre os estudantes que apresentaram relacionamento insatisfatório com familiares (p < 0,001), amigos (p = 0,005) e colegas (p < 0,001). Apresentar insônia (p < 0,001), não fazer atividade física (p = 0,040) e maior preocupação com o futuro (p = 0,002) também apresentaram associação significativa com um quadro de ansiedade. CONCLUSÃO As prevalências de ansiedade e depressão entre os estudantes da área da saúde foram muito superiores às da população em geral, tendo os estudantes do curso de Fisioterapia apresentado o resultado mais alto.
ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Despite the high levels of depression and anxiety, health professionals still have difficulties when dealing with these illnesses, particularly when they involve university students and professionals in the field of health. OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence and the factors associated with depression and anxiety among university students in the field of health. METHODS A transversal, analytical study involving students in the first year of a degree in health (biomedicine, nursing, physiotherapy, medicine and odontology) at a University Center in Ceará. Three questionnaires were applied. The first involved sociodemographic aspects, the second was the Beck Depression Inventory - BDI, and the third was the Beck Anxiety Inventory - BAI (both adapted and standardized for Brazil). The data were digitalized using the software Epi-info version 3.5.1, and analyzed in Stata 11.2. Bivariate analysis was performed for the associations between the variables by means of the Prevalence Ratio (PR), as well as their respective intervals of confidence, with a level of significance of p < 0.05. The project was approved by the REC, with CAAE number 1.132.140, of June 30, 2015. RESULTS 476 students answered the questionnaires. The female sex was prevalent (71.6%), with the majority of students under 20 years of age (69.3%), and single (92.0%). The prevalence rates for depression and anxiety were 28.6% and 36.1%, respectively. Students who were less satisfied with the course had a four times higher likelihood of having depression (p < 0.001). Risk factors were highlighted, such as unsatisfactory family relationships (p < 0.001), lack of sleep (p=0.006), and unsatisfactory relationships with friends (p < 0.001). The prevalence of anxiety was more closely associated with the female sex (p < 0.001), and with unsatisfactory relationships with family members (p < 0.001), friends (p = 0.005) and colleagues (p < 0.001). Having insomnia (p < 0.001), not doing much physical activity (p = 0.040), and a higher concern about the future (p = 0.002) also presented significant association with anxiety status. CONCLUSION The significant prevalence of anxiety and depression among students in the field of health were much higher than among the general population, with physiotherapy students having the highest result.
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Cateura landfill located in Asunción-Paraguay is the site of final disposal of tons of garbage of all kinds coming from urban, industrial and commercial areas. Due to an inadequate waste management system, there is a big concern in our country on how it can affect people working within the landfill as waste pickers. When a high risk of exposure affecting workers in their work places is supposed, defining biomarkers of genotoxic damage is obligatory. The principal aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic damage in occupationally exposed women in their work environments through two established biomarkers: the single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE) accomplished in peripheral blood and the micronucleus test performed in exfoliated cells from oral mucosa (BMCyT). This is an analytical observational cohort study involving 50 women occupationally exposed and 34 unexposed women. A statistically significant increase (pâ¯<â¯0.05) in the parameters to measure genotoxicity was observed in the garbage recyclers of the landfill, compared to the control group. The frequency of Micronuclei (MN) and other nuclear abnormalities such as karyolytic and karyorrhectic cells were higher in exposed women. In addition, significant differences in the % of DNA in the tail of comets between exposed and control groups were found. Our results suggest that the increase in DNA damage and nuclear alterations found in exposed-waste pickers women can be explained as a result to their direct contact with chemicals, many of them identified as genotoxic and other alleged mutagens. This chronic exposure could be diminished by using safety procedures and suitable personal protective equipment inside the workplace. The burden of morbidity due to occupational exposure to genotoxic agents in this place is unknown, therefore, these types of studies should be addressed in order to advice to authorities on social policies of protection of landfills workers.
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Ensaio Cometa/métodos , Dano ao DNA , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Micronúcleos com Defeito Cromossômico/induzido quimicamente , Testes para Micronúcleos/métodos , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Instalações de Eliminação de Resíduos , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Humanos , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos/metabolismo , Linfócitos/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mucosa Bucal/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Bucal/metabolismo , Mucosa Bucal/patologia , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Resumen: El síndrome de Li-Fraumeni (SLF) es una enfermedad hereditaria autosómica dominante con elevada penetrancia, que se caracteriza por la aparición precoz de múltiples tumores en un individuo y una marcada agregación familiar. Aproximadamente el 70% de los pacientes que cumplen criterios clínicos para su diagnóstico son portadores de la mutación germinal del gen TP53 localizado en el cromosoma 17p13. El gen TP53 es un supresor tumoral que cumple una importante función en el control de la estabilidad genómica. Se estima que el riesgo de desarrollar cáncer es del 50 % para las mujeres a los 31 años de edad y para los hombres a los 46 años y cerca del 100 % para ambos sexos a los 70 años. El curso clínico de la enfermedad es similar que en pacientes sin SLF a excepción de la edad más temprana al diagnóstico. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 31 años a la que se diagnostica un condrosarcoma pelviano tratado con cirugía y al momento de la recidiva, aproximadamente 8 meses después, un cáncer de mama localizado. En otro miembro de su familia se había identificado la mutación 375G>C en el gen TP53 mediante secuenciación Sanger, la cual fue detectada posteriormente en nuestra paciente. Se discuten aspectos particulares del manejo como la minimización de la exposición a la radioterapia (por reportes de tumores malignos en zonas irradiadas) y el especial manejo de la repercusión del diagnóstico a nivel de los otros integrantes de la familia.
Abstract: The Li-Fraumeni syndrome (SLF) is a highly penetrant condition with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, characterized by an early onset of multiple tumors in a subject and a marked familial occurrence. About 70 % of patients meeting clinical criteria for diagnosis of the disease carry the germline mutation of TP53 gene located in chromosome 17p13. TP53 is a tumor suppressor gene known for its major role in genome stability control. It has been estimated that risk of cancer development is 50 % for women at the age of 31 and for men at the age of 46 and nearly 100 % for both men and women at 70 years of age. Except at earlier ages of diagnosis, the clinical course of the disease for healthy patients and for patients suffering SLF shows similarities. We present the case of a 31-year-old patient diagnosed both with pelvic chondrosarcoma treated surgically and localized breast cancer during relapse, about 8 months later. By Sanger sequencing, mutation 375G>C had been identified in TP53 gene in another family member, and said mutation was later detected in our patient. We discuss particular aspects of treatment procedures, such as minimizing radiotherapy exposure (due to reports of malignancies in radiated areas) and the special management of diagnosis implications for other family members.
Resumo: A síndrome de Li-Fraumeni (SLF) é uma doença hereditária autorexistente dominante com pena de penetração, que caracteriza a aparição precoz de múltiplos tumores em um indivíduo e uma coletânea familiar. Aproximadamente o 70% dos pacientes com critérios clínicos para o diagnóstico em crianças portadores da mutação germinal do gen TP53 localizado no cromosoma 17p13. El gen TP53 é um tumor tumoral que cumple uma função importante no controle da estabilização genómica. Se estima que o riesgo do desengate faz dos 50% para as mulheres aos 31 anos de idade e para os 40 anos e cerca de 100% para ambos os sexos aos 70 anos. O curso clínico da doença é semelhante ao que ocorre com a SLF a exceção da doença mais tem sido diagnosticada. Presentamos o caso de um paciente de 31 años que diagnostica um paciente de pélvico com relato ao momento da recidiva, aproximadamente 8 meses depois, em um lugar de mama próximo. En otio miembro de la familia se habiocuident to the mutación 375G> C en el gen TP53 por secuenciación Sanger, a cual fue detectada em recente paciente. A discussão foi feita sobre os aspectos do tratamento com a minimização da exposição à radioterapia (por tumores malignos em zonas irradiadas) e o especial manejo da repercussão do diagnóstico a nível dos otros integrantes da familia
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La docencia exige una estrecha relación entre el profesor y los estudiantes que requiere para su perfeccionamiento una adecuada explicitación y reflexión por parte de los docentes. Algunas investigaciones señalan la importancia que la forma de relacionarse tiene en el desarrollo de los alumnos y sus logros. El objetivo del trabajo que se informa fue evaluar la validez y fiabilidad del Cuestionario sobre la Relación Docente (QTI, Wubbels, Brekelmans & Hooymayers, 1991), adaptado al ámbito universitario por Soerjaningsih, Fraser y Aldridge. Dicho instrumento está compuesto por 48 ítems y permite identificar la tipología de comportamiento predominante en el docente a partir de dos dimensiones: proximidad (cooperación - oposición) e influencia (dominación - sumisión). El cuestionario fue administrado a 256 estudiantes de primero y segundo año de carreras relacionadas con las Ciencias Naturales y las Ciencias de la Salud de universidades privadas y públicas de la Provincia de San Juan (República Argentina). Para evaluar la fiabilidad se aplicó el Alpha de Cronbach y se realizó un análisis factorial para estudiar la validez de constructo. Los resultados indican la existencia de una estructura bidimensional: el factor 1 está compuesto por ítems que evalúan la proximidad en la relación docente e incluye ítems positivos que corresponden a la subdimensión cooperación e ítems negativos que corresponden a la subdimensión oposición. El factor 2 está compuesto por ítems que evalúan la influencia con respecto a la dimensión dominación. Se obtuvo para el factor 1, un Alpha de Cronbach igual a.92 para cooperación y un Alpha de Cronbach igual a .84 para oposición. En el factor 2, el Alpha es igual a .61. El autoinforme muestra globalmente un nivel de fiabilidad aceptable.
As regards the education action, teaching is not only a merely technical activity, or an action without communication, bonds or social contact. On the contrary, it requires a close relationship between the teacher and the students, which -in order to be effectively developed- needs the teachers to be adequately conscious and reflective about the aims they want to achieve through the communicative action. During the last decades, relationships between teachers and students have become a central focus for theories and investigation, and many aproaches show the importance that the relationship has as regards the students' development and their accomplishments (Cohen & Amidon, 2004; Páramo, 2008). Indeed, it has been stated that the best education is a product of the best relationship or pedagogical bond. Teaching demands a close relationship between the teacher and the students, which requires an adequate explicitness and reflection on the part of the teacher for its effective development. Some research highlights the importance this relationship has for the students' development and achievements. This work aims at evaluating the validity and reliability of the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI) applied in higher education by Soerjaningsih, Fraser and Aldridge. This instrument includes 48 items and enables the identification of the teacher's predominant behavior according to two dimensions: proximity (cooperation-opposition) and influence (domination-submission). The questionnaire was applied to 256 students attending the first two years of courses of study related to Natural Science and Health Science at both public and private universities in the province of San Juan (Argentina). To evaluate the reliability, the Cronbach Alpha was applied, and the validity of the construct was studied by making a factorial analysis. The results indicate the existence of a two-dimensional structure: factor 1 is constituted by items that evaluate the proximity of the student-teacher relationship; it includes positive items that correspond to the cooperation subdimension and negative items that correspond to the opposition subdimension. Factor 2 is constituted by items that evaluate the influence in relation to domination. As regards reliability, when studying Factor 1, a Cronbach Alpha of .92 was obtained for cooperation and a Cronbach Alpha of .84 for opposition. Factor 2 had an Alpha of .61. The self-report globally shows an acceptable level of reliability. Summarising, favorable evidence was obtained about the discrimination of the items: factorial validity and the instrument's reliability. These results are important to understand the dynamics of the processes implied in the student-teacher relationship. Taking into account these results, it is considered that the QTI can be used as a guide to improve the interpersonal relationships and to help teachers in their professional development. Using this instrument can be a valuable tool, both for investigation and intervention and prevention programs. Good teachers should be able of empathizing with students, listening to them better and understanding their world. In this sense, there should be training plans for teachers to be conscious of the relational dimension of their education action and for them to receive the necessary courses to be able to optimize the great educational force that their practice has on students'development. Indeed, incorporating strategies to develop and strengthen relational capabilities in teachers during the teachers' training course will contribute to students, interpersonal relationships which will favor the academic performance, and it will enable teachers' accomplishments and professional success.
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Background: E-cadherin is the major adhesion receptor in epithelial adherens junctions (AJs). On established epidermis, E-cadherin performs fine-tuned cell-cell contact remodeling to maintain tissue integrity, which is characterized by modulation of cell shape, size and packing density. In zebrafish, the organization and distribution of E-cadherin in AJs during embryonic epidermis development remain scarcely described. Methods: Combining classical immunofluorescence, deconvolution microscopy and 3D-segmentation of AJs in epithelial cells, a quantitative approach was implemented to assess the spatial and temporal distribution of E-cadherin across zebrafish epidermis between 24 and 72 hpf. Results: increasing levels of E-cadh protein parallel higher cell density and the appearance of hexagonal cells in the enveloping layer (EVL) as well as the establishments of new cell-cell contacts in the epidermal basal layer (EBL), being significantly between 31 and 48 hpf .Conclusions: Increasing levels of E-cadherin in AJs correlates with extensive changes in cell morphology towards hexagonal packing during the epidermis morphogenesis.
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Epiderme , Junções Aderentes , Animais , Caderinas , Peixe-ZebraRESUMO
Diverticular disease of the small intestine is rare, especially when it is located in the jejunum. It is generally asymptomatic, but in some patients it may have complications such as acute diverticulitis with peritonitis, gastrointestinal bleeding or obstruction. In such cases, the recommended treatment is surgery. We report a 77-year-old patient with ileal Crohns disease with a long-standing inflammatory phenotype, who developed acute diverticulitis of the jejunum presenting a severe septic shock and secondary multiple-organ failure. It resolved with medical treatment and prolonged antibiotic therapy.
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Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Doença de Crohn/complicações , Diverticulite/etiologia , Doenças do Jejuno/etiologia , Doença Aguda , Diverticulite/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Jejuno/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Resumen:La intoxicación se considera como una manifestación patológica definida por los signos y síntomas que secundarios a la acción de una o varias dosis de un agente tóxico y su evolución puede llevar al sujeto a un estado irreversible e incluso a la muerte. Cada año mueren alrededor de un millón de personas a consecuencia de diversos envenenamientos. La intoxicación alcohólica es causada por alcoholes, compuestos orgánicos que se derivan de los hidrocarburos y están formados por grupos hidroxilos. El etanol es el alcohol que con más frecuencia produce intoxicaciones ya que es el más común y el que más al alcance de la población se encuentra, este produce múltiples alteraciones a nivel del sistema nervioso y de otros sistemas del organismo.
Abstract:Often the medical examiner has to assess possible eye injuries and sequelae of a patient who has been the victim of an assault or some kind of accident (traffic, work, sport), which may have civil responsibility by the aggressor. The ocular pathology occurs for most forensics, not specialists in it, a major problem in establishing the etiology of injuries and their subsequent monitoring, given their complexity and specificity. Therefore in this article we try to make a review of the generalities of the anatomy, physiology and the most important variants of eye injuries that can lead to a trauma so that the forensic can make the assessment of injury with ophthalmological condition and have the information necessary so that you can interpret the ophthalmic report to provide the specialist in ophthalmology,dist inguish the offending box and interpreta previous state, if applicable, the final consequences.
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Humanos , Ferimentos e Lesões , Ferimentos Oculares Penetrantes/diagnóstico , Olho/patologia , Medicina LegalRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Current guidelines have identified 10 to 12 weeks posttreatment as the ideal time-point for improved diagnostic accuracy of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for deep tissue sites of the head and neck. After treatment, the sinonasal skull base is predisposed to prolonged inflammation that may render this time-point inappropriate for initial posttreatment imaging surveillance for sinonasal malignancies. The purpose of this study is to evaluate temporal trends in 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18 FDG) sinonasal uptake after treatment for sinonasal malignancies to better elucidate the optimal time-point for initial PET/CT posttreatment evaluation in this patient population. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all successfully treated and non-locally recurrent sinonasal malignancies over a 15-year study period (2000 to 2015) was performed at our institution. Posttreatment 18 FDG PET/CT standardized uptake value data were collected and compared between various time-points (2 to 4 months, 5 to 12 months, 5 to 24 months, and 13 to 24 months) using an independent-samples t test. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was noted between the posttreatment time windows 2 to 4 and 5 to 12 months (p = 0.048) as well as 2 to 4 and 5 to 24 months (p = 0.02). A trend toward significance was seen when comparing 2 to 4 and 13 to 24 months (p = 0.083). CONCLUSION: Our analysis of PET/CT in patients previously treated for sinonasal malignancy suggests that the posttreatment sinonasal skull base is characterized by a prolonged period of hypermetabolism that endures beyond the period previously described for deep tissue sites of the head and neck. These findings prompt a reevaluation of the previously described 10- to 12-week cutoff point for initial posttreatment PET/CT for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma as applied to sinonasal malignancies.
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Fluordesoxiglucose F18/farmacocinética , Seios Paranasais/metabolismo , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/farmacocinética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias dos Seios Paranasais/metabolismo , Neoplasias dos Seios Paranasais/terapia , Seios Paranasais/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
El siguiente estudio descriptivo analiza los casos reportados sobre trastorno de la enfermedad temporomandibular de la base de datos del Registro de Egresos Hospitalarios del Área de Estadísticas de Salud de la Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social, acontecidos durante los años 1997 al 2013, los cuales fueron analizados por el comportamiento de las variables epidemiológicas de tiempo, lugar y persona; medidas de frecuencia y estadística no paramétrica. La finalidad de este artículo es investigar la casuística que propicie en el profesional en Odontología una herramienta para el diagnóstico precoz, que contribuya al establecimiento individual de medidas de prevención e intervención de los factores de riesgo detectados. Se registró un total de 167 casos de trastorno de la articulación temporomandibular según la Clasificación Internacional de las Enfermedades CIE-10. Dentro de los resultados obtenidos se tiene que la razón fue de 2,71 mujeres por cada hombre egresado con tal trastorno. La tasa por edad obtuvo mayor predominio en la población de 20 a 44 años, y fue de 5,63 X 100.00 habitantes, así como un riesgo relativo para este mismo grupo de 10,64, pero la tasa por localización geográfica en nuestro país fue de 8,37 por cada 100.000 habitantes para el caso concreto de la provincia de Limón.
The following descriptive study analyzes reported cases of temporomandibular disease disorder, according to the database of registered hospital discharged from the Health Statistics Area of the Costa Rican Social Security occurred during the years 1997 to 2013, which analyzed the behavior of the epidemiological variables of time, place and person; frequency measurements and nonparametric statistics. The purpose of this article is to investigate the mix of case that would give the professional in dentistry, a tool for early diagnosis which contributes to the individual establishment of prevention and intervention of risk factors detected. A total of 167 cases of temporomandibular joint disorder were recorded according to the International Classification of Diseases ICD-10. The ratio from the obtained results was 2.71 females for every male graduate with temporomandibular joint disorder. Age rate obtained predominance in the population of 20-44 years being 5.63 X 100.00 inhabitants and a relative risk for this same group of 10.64 and the rate per geographical location in our country was 8.37 per 100,000 inhabitants, this for the case of the Limon province.
RESUMO
The tissue engineering strategy is a new approach for the regeneration of cementum, which is essential for the regeneration of the periodontal tissue. This strategy involves the cell cultures present in this tissue, called cementoblasts, and located on an appropriate substrate for posterior implantation in the regeneration site. Prior studies from our research group have shown that the proliferation and viability of cementoblasts increase in the presence of the ionic dissolution products of bioactive glass particles. Therefore, one possible approach to obtaining adequate substrates for cementoblast cultures is the development of composite membranes containing bioactive glass. In the present study, composite films of chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol-bioactive glass containing different glass contents were developed. Glutaraldehyde was also added to allow for the formation of cross-links and changes in the degradation rate. The glass phase was introduced in the material by a sol-gel route, leading to an organic-inorganic hybrid. The films were characterized by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Bioactivity tests were also conducted by immersion of the films in simulated body fluid (SBF). Films containing up to 30% glass phase could be obtained. The formation of calcium phosphate was observed after the immersion of the films. A calcium phosphate layer formed more quickly on materials containing higher bioactive glass contents. In the hybrid containing 23% bioactive glass, a complete layer was formed after 24 h immersion, showing the high bioactivity of this material. However, despite the higher in vitro bioactivity, the film with 23% glass showed lower mechanical properties compared with films containing up to 17% glass.
Assuntos
Quitosana/química , Vidro/química , Periodontite/terapia , Álcool de Polivinil/química , Fosfatos de Cálcio/química , Proliferação de Células , Sobrevivência Celular , Cemento Dentário/química , Cemento Dentário/metabolismo , Glutaral/química , Teste de Materiais , Membranas Artificiais , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Periodonto/metabolismo , Polímeros/química , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Estresse Mecânico , Engenharia Tecidual/métodos , Alicerces Teciduais/química , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
Los mixomas son los tumores primarios más frecuentes del corazón. Se analizaron histopatológicamente 50 biopsias de mixomas cardíacos en 24 de las cuales, se hizo el estudio inmunohistoquímico. Los pacientes (M/F: 19/31) cuyas edades fueron entre la 2ª y 7ª década de vida, presentaron sintomatología variada, fueron operados con el diagnóstico de tumor y/o masa intracardíaca. La localización más frecuente de los mixomas fue en aurículas izquierda (86,0 por ciento) y derecha (8,0 por ciento). Macroscópicamente, presentaron aspecto gelatinoso y mixoide. Sólo un caso estaba petrificado. Midieron entre 3 y 10 cm y el 50,0 por ciento eran pediculados. Al microscopio de luz, se caracterizaron por la presencia de: células aisladas o formando estructuras vasculares (94,0 por ciento), seudopapilares (54,0 por ciento) y seudo glandulares (4,0 por ciento);abundante matriz mixoide con células inflamatorias (96,0 por ciento), hemorragia (94,0 por ciento), nódulos de Gamna-Gandi (30,0 por ciento) y calcificaciones (18,0 por ciento). El estudio inmunohistoquímico reveló: marcaje positivo en las células tumorales para: vimentina (100,0 por ciento) ,CD34 (83,0 por ciento), actina músculo liso (37,0 por ciento) y desmina (17,0 por ciento). El marcaje para S-100 fue negativo y la citoqueratina (A1/AE3) resultó positiva sólo en un caso con diferenciación glandular. Conclusiones: Basándonos en el estudio inmunohistoquímico consideramos que existen evidencias del origen mesenquimal del tumor con diferenciación predominante hacia la línea endotelial
Myxomas are the most frequent primary tumors of the heart. Fifty cardiac biopsies of myxomas were analyzed by histopathology, in 24 of which, the immunohistochemical was done. Patients (M/F: 19/31) whose ages were between second and seventh decade of life, presented varied sintomatology, were operated with the diagnosis of tumor and/or intracardiac mass. The most frequent location of myxomas was in left (86.0%) and right (8.0%) auricles. Macrocospically, they presented gelatinous and mixoide aspect, one single case was petrified. They measured between 3 and 10 cm and 50.0% were pediculate. To the light microscope, they were characterized by: isolated cells or forming vascular structures (94.0%), seudopapilars (54.0%) and pseudo glandulars (4.0%); abundant mixoide matrix with inflammatory cells (96.0%), hemorrhage (94.0%), nodules of Gamna-Gandi (30.0%) and calcifications (18.0%). The immunohistochemical study revealed: positive marker in the tumorlike cells: vimentine (100.0%), CD34 (83.0%), actine smooth muscle (37.0%) desmine (17.0%). The marker for S-100 were negative and the cytoqueratine (A1/AE3) was positive in a single case with glandular differentiation. Conclusions: on the base of the immunohistochemical study, we considered that evidences exist that support the mesenquimal origin of the tumor with predominant differentiation towards the endotelial line
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Cardíacas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Cardíacas/patologia , Neoplasias de Tecido Conjuntivo e de Tecidos Moles/cirurgia , Neoplasias de Tecido Conjuntivo e de Tecidos Moles/imunologia , Biópsia por Agulha Fina/métodos , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Mixoma/patologiaRESUMO
RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar, em ordem alfabética, uma relação de palavras-chave e key words dos trabalhos publicados na revista "Arquivos do Instituto Biológico", que datam de 2005. Estabeleceu-se, em média, 3 palavras-chave por trabalho, totalizando 364, com 435 citações bibliográficas.
ABSTRACT This is a list of the key words of the papers publiched in the "Arquivos do Instituto Biológico" in 2005. This publiched select 364 key words and 435 references.
RESUMO
The article has no abstract.
Estabeleceram-se os valores de referência do leucograma de bovinos da raça Jersey, criados no Estado de São Paulo, avaliando-se a influência exercida pelos fatores etários em amostras de sangue colhidas de 253 fêmeas clinicamente sadias e não-reagentes ao antígeno do Vírus da Leucose dos Bovinos. Nas amostras de sangue, que continham EDTA como anticoagulante, foi realizada a contagem do número total de leucócitos, em câmara de Neubauer modificada, utilizando-se o líquido de Thoma como diluidor e a contagem diferencial de leucócitos, efetuada em esfregaços sangüíneos, corados pelo método de Rosenfeld. Demonstrou-se que o leucograma desses bovinos sofria influência dos fatores etários. O número total de leucócitos e linfócitos aumentou até 12 meses de idade, estabilizando-se entre 12 e 24 meses, para, a seguir, diminuir, progressivamente, com o desenvolvimento etário, sendo o quadro leucocitário predominantemente linfocitário. Essas variações foram atribuídas, principalmente, ao comportamento do número absoluto de linfócitos. O número absoluto do total de neutrófilos não demonstrou variações significativas que pudessem ser atribuídas à influência dos fatores etários, mas o número absoluto de neutrófilos com núcleo em bastonete foi maior nos bezerros com até 6 meses de idade. O número absoluto de eosinófilos aumentou gradativamente com o desenvolvimento etário, não se observando v