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The pressing challenges in waste management have motivated this comprehensive study examining prior research and contemporary trends concerning innovation and waste management. A meticulous investigation of 2264 documents (1968-2024) was conducted using bibliometrix R-tool to analyse Scopus and Web of Science databases, offering a holistic global perspective. Heightened societal concern about waste management, driven by soaring waste production from consumption patterns, requires urgent exploration of effective waste elimination and transformation systems. This study provides a comprehensive summary of the topic, delving deeply into its complexities. Through thorough analysis of global trends, it constitutes a significant stride towards identifying effective solutions, offering valuable contributions to both scientific understanding and practical applications. This research pioneers a comprehensive synthesis of innovation and waste management issues, showcasing originality and substantial contributions. The identified collaborative networks expose a lack of transnational cooperation, potentially hindering waste management innovation. Future research around waste management innovation should focus on synergies among competitors within the same industry and across industries to minimize waste and maximize resource utilization, 4.0 technologies, global waste chain impacts and challenges along with solutions for developing countries.

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This study examined the determinants of financial literacy (FL) and its impact on access to financial services (AFS), using data collected from rural Ghana. A two-stage residual inclusion model is utilized to address the selection bias issue. The results showed that FL is affected by household heads' age, gender, education, asset ownership, homeownership, and economics education. The results revealed that FL is significant and positively related to AFS, but its square shows an inverse relation with saving mobilization. This indicated a non-linear relationship between FL and AFS. Moreover, we find that FL has a larger AFS impact for households with high-income and male household heads relative to their counterparts. The study recommended that the government can initiate the creation of a rural committee to educate rural residents on financial issues through radio broadcasting and meetings. Our findings highlighted the importance of FL on AFS in enhancing the welfare of rural households.

Este estudo examina os determinantes da educação financeira (FL) e seu impacto no acesso a serviços financeiros (AFS), usando dados coletados na zona rural de Gana. Um modelo de inclusão residual de dois estágios é utilizado para abordar a questão do viés de seleção. Os resultados mostram que a FL é afetada pela idade, sexo, educação, propriedade de ativos, propriedade e educação econômica dos chefes de família. Os resultados revelam que FL é significativo e positivamente relacionado ao AFS, mas seu quadrado mostra uma relação inversa com a mobilização de poupança. Isso indica uma relação não linear entre FL e AFS. Além disso, notou-se que o FL tem um impacto maior de AFS para famílias com alta renda e chefes de família do sexo masculino em relação às suas contrapartes. O estudo recomendou que o governo pode iniciar a criação de um comitê rural para educar os residentes rurais sobre questões financeiras por meio de radiodifusão e reuniões. Nossos resultados destacam a importância do FL no AFS para melhorar o bem-estar das famílias rurais.

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In this paper we use high quality data from two developing countries, Ethiopia and Peru, to estimate the production functions of human capital from age 1 to age 15. We characterize the nature of persistence and dynamic complementarities between two components of human capital: health and cognition. We also explore the implications of different functional form assumptions for the production functions. We find that more able and higher income parents invest more, particularly at younger ages when investments have the greatest impacts. These differences in investments by parental income lead to large gaps in inequality by age 8 that persist through age 15.

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RESUMEN Objetivo Mostrar la utilidad de una herramienta estadística no paramétrica para medir la eficiencia de 190 países en la producción de status de salud, así como conocer los determinantes de dicha eficiencia. Métodos Con datos de 2009, y utilizando la técnica de Envolvente de Datos, se estima la frontera de eficiencia, utilizando como insumo al gasto total en salud per cápita y como productos la tasa de mortalidad infantil y la esperanza de vida al nacer. Se realiza un análisis de los determinantes de la eficiencia del gasto mediante el uso de modelos Tobit. Resultados Las naciones del continente africano presentan menor eficiencia técnico-asignativa, aunque mayor eficiencia de escala. La calidad de las instituciones muestra un impacto estadísticamente significativo sobre los niveles de eficiencia técnico-asignativa y de escala. El porcentaje de financiamiento del gasto por parte de aseguradoras privadas incide sobre la eficiencia técnico-asignativa mientras que el porcentaje de urbanización lo hace sobre la eficiencia de escala. Discusión El hecho de que más del 70 % de los países presente rendimientos decrecientes del gasto en salud sugeriría que, una vez alcanzados ciertos estándares mínimos de calidad de vida, el efecto marginal de cada dólar adicional destinado a salud no es sustancial. En países pobres donde el gasto en salud presenta rendimientos crecientes, el desempeño sanitario podría mejorar significativamente con incrementos marginales del gasto. Las estructuras de financiamiento del gasto en salud podrían estar influyendo sobre la eficiencia técnico-asignativa y el grado de urbanización podría hacerlo sobre la eficiencia de escala.(AU)

Objective To measure the efficiency of 190 countries in producing health results and the factors that determine such efficiency. Methodology A data envelopment analysis was conducted on worldwide data from the year 2009 in order to estimate the efficient frontier, based on total health expenditure per capita, as well on infant mortality rate and life expectancy at birth. At the same time, an analysis of the determinants of expenditure efficiency was performed through Tobit models. Results African nations have lower technical and allocative efficiency, but higher scale efficiency. The quality of institutions has a statistically significant impact on the levels of technical and allocative efficiency and on the levels of scale efficiency. The percentage of health expenditure financed by private insurers has an impact on technical and allocative efficiency, while urbanization rates affect the scale efficiency. Discussion the fact that more than 70 % of countries show decreasing returns suggest that, once certain minimal standards of life quality are achieved, the marginal effect of each additional dollar assigned to health is not substantial. Conversely, in poor countries, where the expenditure in health presents increasing returns, the health performance could be substantially better by marginally raising the expenditure. On the other hand, financing structures of health expenditures may influence technical-allocative efficiency, while urbanization levels may impact scale efficiency (source: MeSH, NLM).(AU)

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