RESUMO
Abstract This study compared the pH and calcium ion release of calcium silicate- (Bio-C Temp) and calcium hydroxide-based (Ultracal XS) medications. Intracanal remnants of both medications were also evaluated using SEM-EDS after the removal protocol. Thirty-five bovine teeth were prepared. Fifteen were filled with Bio-C Temp and 15 with Ultracal XS. Five remained without intracanal medication (control group). Five samples from each experimental time (i.e.. 24, 72, and 168 hours) were used to measure pH and calcium ions release using a digital pH meter and microplate reader, respectively. Afterward, the peaks of the chemical elements composing both medications were analyzed in SEM-EDS. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test analyzed the pH and calcium ion release data. Student's t-test compared the medications in each experimental time. SEM-EDS described the percentage of chemical elements in the samples. Bio-C Temp and Ultracal XS showed a significant pH increase from 24 to 168 hours (p<0.05). Ultracal XS showed a higher pH value at 24 hours than Bio-C Temp (p<0.05) but were similar at 72 and 168h (p > 0.05). Calcium ion release did not depend on the experimental period (p > 0.05). Bio-C Temp showed lower calcium ions release than Ultracal XS at 24 hours (p<0.05). SEM-EDS analyses showed the remains of both medications, but the concentration of Si, Al, and W ions was present only in the calcium silicate-based medication. Bio-C Temp presented alkaline pH and a satisfactory calcium ion release over the time. The remaining of both medications were present after the protocols for paste removal.
Resumo Este estudo comparou o pH e a liberação de íons cálcio de medicações intracanais a à base de silicato de cálcio (Bio-C Temp) e à base de hidróxido de cálcio (Ultracal XS). Remanescentes de ambas as medicações também foram avaliados usando microscopia eletrônica de varredura e espectroscopia de dispersão de energia após o protocolo de remoção. Trinta e cinco dentes bovinos foram preparados. Quinze dentes foram preenchidos com Bio-C Temp e 15 com Ultracal XS. Cinco permaneceram sem medicação intracanal (grupo controle). Cinco amostras de cada tempo experimental (ou seja, 24, 72 e 168 horas) foram usadas para medir o pH e a liberação de íons de cálcio usando um medidor de pH digital e um leitor de microplacas, respectivamente. Em seguida, os picos dos elementos químicos que compõem os dois medicamentos foram analisados em microscopia eletrônica de varredura e por espectroscopia de dispersão de energia. Os testes One-way ANOVA e post hoc de Tukey analisaram os dados de pH e liberação de íons cálcio. O teste t de Student comparou as medicações em cada tempo experimental. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura e a espectroscopia de dispersão de energia descreveu a porcentagem de elementos químicos nas amostras. O Bio-C Temp e o Ultracal XS mostraram um aumento significativo de pH de 24 a 168 horas (p<0,05). O Ultracal XS apresentou um valor de pH mais alto em 24 horas do que o Bio-C Temp (p<0,05), mas foi semelhante em 72 e 168h (p > 0,05). A liberação de íons cálcio não dependeu do período experimental (p> 0,05). O Bio-C Temp apresentou menor liberação de íons de cálcio do que Ultracal XS em 24 horas (p<0,05). As análises de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e espectroscopia de dispersão de energia mostraram remanescentes de ambas as medicações, mas a concentração de íons Si, Al e W estavam presentes apenas na medicação à base de silicato de cálcio. O Bio-C Temp apresentou pH alcalino e maior liberação de íons cálcio. Remanescentes de ambas as medicações estiveram presentes após os protocolos de remoção da pasta.
RESUMO
AIMS: The aim of this study was to develop and characterize a temporary restorative material based on a zinc oxide matrix containing niobophosphate bioactive glass (NbG) for the caries-affected dentin treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: NbG was added to a ZnO2 matrix in different concentrations (wt%). EDS-SEM, ATR-FTIR and XRD analyses were performed to characterize the cement. Calcium release was evaluated in TRIS solution after 1, 7 and 14 days by colorimetric method (A650). Compressive strengths and setting times were performed to analyze mechanical properties. RESULTS: EDS spectra confirmed the presence of Ca, P and Nb in the groups containing NbG. EDS mapping exhibit the ZnO2 homogeneous distribution, and NbG immersed in this matrix. Peaks suggesting interaction between matrix and NbG were not detected in Ftir spectra. Calcium releasing showed to be time-dependent for experimental groups containing 10, 20, 30 and 40%. The NbG incorporation progressively increased the compressive strength values in the experimental groups. NbG incorporation seemed to influence the ZnO2 matrix early setting reaction. No statistical difference was observed in the final setting time. CONCLUSION: The addition of NbG particles into zinc oxide matrix could work as a mechanical reinforcement. It is suggested that the calcium released by the cement containing at least 10% NbG could induce apatite formation.
RESUMO
The aim of this study was to fabricate and characterize dental composites containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HApNPs). Four dental composites were produced from the same organic matrix (70 wt% Bis-GMA and 30 wt% TEGDMA), with partial replacement of BaBSi particles (65 wt%) by HApNPs in the following concentrations (wt%): E0 (0) - control, E10 (10), E20 (20) and E30 (30). Ca2+ and PO43- release was evaluated in solutions with different pHs (4, 5.5, and 7) using atomic emission spectroscopy with microwave-induced nitrogen plasma while the enamel remineralization potential was evaluated in caries-like enamel lesions induced by S. mutans biofilm using micro-CT. The following properties were characterized: degree of conversion (DC%), microhardness (KHN), flexural strength (FS), elastic modulus (EM) and translucency (TP). The higher the HApNPs content, the higher the Ca2+ and PO43- release. The ions release was influenced by pH (4 > 5.5 > 7) (p < 0.05). All composites loaded with HApNPs were able to remineralize the enamel (E30 = E20 > E10) (p < 0.05). Contrarily, E0 was not able of recovering the enamel mineral loss. E0 and E10 presented highest DC%, while E20 and E30 showed similar and lowest DC%. KHN and FS were decreased with the addition of HApNPs, while EM was not influenced by the incorporation of HApNPs. E10 presented statistically similar TP to E0, while this property decreased for E20 and E30 (p < 0.05). Incorporation of HApNPs into dental composites promoted enamel remineralization, mainly at potentially cariogenic pH (= 4), while maintained their overall performance in terms of physicomechanical properties.
Assuntos
Durapatita , Nanopartículas , Bis-Fenol A-Glicidil Metacrilato , Resinas Compostas , Teste de Materiais , Ácidos PolimetacrílicosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To synthetize calcium aluminate (C3A) and silver-containing C3A particles (C3A+Ag) testing their effects on the properties of a MTA-based endodontic sealer in comparison to an epoxy resin- and a calcium silicate-based sealer. METHODS: Pure C3A and C3A+Ag particles were synthesized by a chemical method and characterized using XRD to identify crystalline phases. SEM/EDS analysis investigated morphology, particle size, and elemental composition of particles. Setting time, flow, radiopacity, water sorption and solubility of commercial and modified sealers were evaluated according to ISO 6876/2012. The pH and ions release were measured using a pHmeter and a microwave induced plasma optical emission spectrometer. The inhibition of biofilm growth was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Data were rank transformed and analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test (P<0.05). RESULTS: The C3A particles showed an irregular grain agglomerated structure with voids and pores. In C3A+Ag particles, Ag modified the material morphology, confirming the deposition of Ag. The physicochemical properties of the modified MTA-based sealer were similar to the commercial material, except for the significant increase in Ca+2 release. However, there was no Ag release. Setting time, flow, radiopacity, water sorption and solubility were adequate for all materials. All the materials showed alkaline pH. Antibiofilm effect was improved in the presence of C3A particles, while the biofilm inhibition was lower in the presence of Ag. SIGNIFICANCE: The modified sealer presented improved antibiofilm properties and calcium release, without dramatic effects on the other characteristics. It is expected a positive effect in its antimicrobial behavior.
Assuntos
Compostos de Alumínio/química , Compostos de Alumínio/síntese química , Compostos de Cálcio/química , Compostos de Cálcio/síntese química , Óxidos/química , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/síntese química , Silicatos/química , Prata/química , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Combinação de Medicamentos , Resinas Epóxi/química , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Teste de Materiais , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Tamanho da Partícula , Solubilidade , Espectrometria por Raios X , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different hydrogen peroxide concentrations (HP) on mercury and other metal ions release from admixed and spherical dental amalgam. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dental amalgam discs were prepared from GS.80 and Lojic+ alloys (Southern Dental Industries, Australia) according to manufacturers instructions in stainless steel moulds (10mm diameter and 2mm thickness). The discs (n=25 of each alloy) were divided into five equal groups for each alloy. Each group was immersed in 20 ml of 38%, 24%, 10%, or 3% HP solution for 24 h at 37ºC with 0% (distilled water) as control. Following immersion procedure, solutions were taken for metal ion release determination (Hg, Ag, Sn and Cu) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Statistical analysis was conducted using one and two way ANOVA tests to determine significance of differences between test groups. Bonferroni Post Hoc test was conducted for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: Metal ion release for the elements (Hg, Ag, Sn and Cu) increased with exposure to increasing concentrations of HP for both GS.80 and Lojic+ amalgam alloys. The differences in concentration of metal ions released after treatment with 0% (control), 3%, 10%, 24% or 38% HP were statistically significant (p <0.05). CONCLUSION: Metal ions (Hg, Ag, Cu and Sn) were released from dental amalgam following treatment with all HP concentrations. Metal ion release increased with increasing HP concentration. Even with exposure of dental amalgam to relatively high HP concentration (38%), released Hg did not exceed the maximum acceptable limit.
OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar os efeitos de diferentes concentrações de peróxido de hidrogênio na liberação de íons de Hg e outros metais de amálgamas misturados e esféricos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Discos de amálgama dental foram preparados com ligas GS.80 e Lojic+, de acordo com instruções dos fabricantes, em moldes de aço inoxidável (10 mm de diâmetro e 2 mm de espessura). Os discos (n=25 de cada liga) foram divididos em cinco grupos iguais para cada liga. Cada grupo foi imerso em 20 ml de solução HP a 38%, 24%, 10% ou 3% a 37ºC, por 24 h a 37ºC, e com água destilada 0% como controle. Após os procedimentos de imersão, soluções foram tomadas para determinação da liberação de íons metálicos (Hg, Ag, Sn and Cu) utilizando-se espectometria da massa de plasma pareadas por indução (ICP-MS). Análise estatística foi conduzida utilizando-se ANOVA testes para determinar significância das diferenças entre os grupos testes. Bonferroni Post Hoc foram feitos para comparações múltiplas. RESULTADOS: A liberação de íons metálicos para os elementos (Hg, Ag, Sn e Cu) aumentou com a exposição a concentrações aumentadas de peróxido de hidrogênio após o tratamento, tanto para a liga de amálgama GS 80 como para aLojic +. As diferenças de concentração dos íons liberados após tratamento com concentrações de peróxido de H a 0%, 3%, 10% ou 38 % foram estatisticamente significantes (p < 0.05). CONCLUSÕES: Íons metálicos (Hg, Ag, Cu e Sn) foram liberados de amálgamas dentais seguindo-se tratamento com todas as concentrações de H2O2. A liberação de ions metálicos aumentou com a elevação da concentração do peróxido de hidrogênio. Mesmo com exposição de amálgama dental a concentrações relativamente altas de peróxido de hidrogênio (38%), a liberação de Hg não excedeu o limite máximo aceitável.