RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Complementary and alternative (CAM) cancer treatment is often expensive and not covered by insurance. As a result, many people turn to crowdfunding to access this treatment. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to identify the rationales of patients with cancer seeking CAM treatment abroad by looking specifically at crowdfunding campaigns to support CAM cancer treatment in Tijuana, Mexico. METHODS: We scraped the GoFundMe.com and GiveSendGo.com crowdfunding platforms for campaigns referencing CAM cancer clinics in Tijuana, initiated between January 1, 2022, and February 28, 2023. The authors created a coding framework to identify rationales for seeking CAM treatment in Tijuana. To supplement campaign metadata, we coded the beneficiary's cancer stage, type, age, specific treatment sought, whether the beneficiary died, gender, and race. RESULTS: Patients sought CAM cancer treatment in Tijuana because the (1) treatment offers the greatest efficacy (29.9%); (2) treatment offered domestically was not curative (23.2%); (3) the clinic treats the whole person, and addresses the spiritual dimension of the person (20.1%); (4) treatments are nontoxic, natural, or less invasive (18.2%); and (5) clinic offers the newest technology (8.5%). Campaigns raised US $5,275,268.37 and most campaign beneficiaries were women (69.7%) or White individuals (71.1%). CONCLUSIONS: These campaigns spread problematic misinformation about the likely efficacy of CAM treatments, funnel money and endorsements to CAM clinics in Tijuana, and leave many campaigners short of the money needed to pay for CAM treatments while costing beneficiaries and their loved one's time, privacy, and dignity. This study affirms that Tijuana, Mexico, is a very popular destination for CAM cancer treatment.
RESUMO
The current study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sexual identities in Brazil across age and sex based on five categories (heterosexuals, mostly heterosexuals, bisexual, mostly homosexuals, and homosexuals) and to assess homoerotic ideation and behavior in heterosexuals. The data were collected using self-report questionnaires in a research website. Data from 41,873 participants were collected and analyzed. From total sample, 78.2% of males and 89.8% of females self-declared to be heterosexuals. The most prevalent minorities were homosexuals (4.6%) and mostly heterosexuals (4.1%). Same-sex ideation and behavior among heterosexuals was frequent and gender differences were robust. Orientation identities other than substantial heterosexuals seem to be more prevalent in the younger generations.
Avaliou-se a prevalência de identidades sexuais em homens e mulheres de diferentes gerações com base em cinco categorias (heterossexuais, predominantemente heterossexuais, bissexuais, predominantemente homossexuais e homossexuais) e aferiu-se a ideação e comportamentos homoeróticos em heterossexuais. A coletada de dados foi realizada por meio de questionários de autorrelato disponibilizados em um sitio de pesquisa na Internet. Dados de 41.873 Brasileiros foram colhidos e analisados. Do total, 78.2% dos homens e 89.8% das mulheres se declaram heterossexuais, a minoria sexual mais prevalente foi a de homossexuais (4.6%) e de predominantemente heterossexuais (4.1%). Ideação e comportamentos homoeróticos em heterossexuais foram frequentes e diferenças entre homens e mulheres foram robustas. Não heterossexualidades foram mais prevalentes em gerações mais jovens.
Se evaluó la prevalencia de las identidades sexuales en hombres y mujeres de diferentes generaciones sobre la base de las cinco categorías (heterosexuales, predominantemente heterosexuales, bisexuales, predominantemente homosexuales y homosexuales) y la ideación y conductas homoeróticas fueran evaluadas en heterosexuales. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de cuestionarios de autorrelato en un sitio de pesquisa en la Internet. Se recogieron y analizaron datos de 41.873 brasileños. Del total, el 78,2% de hombres y 89,8% de las mujeres dicen que son heterosexuales, la minoría sexual más prevalente era homosexual (4,6%) y predominantemente heterosexual (4,1%). Ideación y conductas homoeróticas en heterosexuales fueran comunes y las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres fueran robustas. Identidades non heterosexuales fueron más prevalentes en las generaciones más jóvenes.
Assuntos
Psicologia Social , Sexualidade/psicologia , Relações InterpessoaisRESUMO
The association between childhood trauma and personality traits has been poorly characterized and reported. Our aim was to evaluate whether distinct types of childhood abuse and neglect are associated with various personality dimensions using data from a large web-based survey. A total of 12,225 volunteers responded anonymously to the Internet versions of the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) via our research website, but only 8,114 subjects (75.7% women, mean age 34.8±11.3yrs) who met the criteria for validity were included in the analysis. Childhood trauma was positively associated with harm avoidance and was negatively associated with self-directedness and, to a lesser extent, with cooperativeness. The associations were robust with emotional abuse and neglect but were non-significant or mild with physical trauma. Emotional neglect was associated with reduced reward dependence and persistence. All types of abuse, but not neglect, were associated with increased novelty seeking scores. Reporting of childhood trauma, especially of an emotional nature, was associated with maladaptive personality traits. Further investigation of the effects of different types of childhood trauma on psychological and neurobiological parameters is warranted.
Assuntos
Maus-Tratos Infantis/psicologia , Transtornos da Personalidade/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Adultos Sobreviventes de Eventos Adversos na Infância/psicologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Análise de Variância , Aprendizagem da Esquiva , Criança , Comportamento Cooperativo , Emoções , Feminino , Humanos , Internet , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Autoimagem , Transtornos de Estresse Traumático/etiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Investigaram-se as atitudes sobre a aprovação da psicoterapia online, em uma amostra composta por 161 pessoas, que responderam a um questionário acessado por meio de um site da internet dedicado à saúde mental. Os resultados evidenciaram que: (a) as atitudes sobre a aprovação da psicoterapia online consistiam em uma função positiva do produto das crenças sobre a aprovação desse tipo de terapia por suas respectivas avaliações; (b) a norma subjetiva associada à aprovação da terapia online constituía uma função positiva dos produtos das crenças normativas sobre a aprovação desse tipo de terapia pelas motivações em aderir a essas crenças; (c) tanto a atitude quanto a norma subjetiva contribuíram para a predição da intenção de comportamentos de voto favoráveis à aprovação da terapia online, embora a atitude tivesse exercido maior influência nessa predição. Tais resultados são discutidos à luz de achados anteriores e dos pressupostos da teoria da ação racional.(AU)
The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes towards the approval of psychotherapy online in the light of reasoned action theory. The sample consisted of 167 participants (67 percent were females) who completed an online questionnaire through a mental health website. The results indicated that the attitudes towards the approval of psychotherapy online were a positive function of the product of beliefs regarding this matter by its evaluations. On the other hand, the subjective norm concerning the approval of psychotherapy was a positive function of the product of normative beliefs regarding this matter by the motivation to adhere to them. In addition, the attitudes and the subjective norm contributed to the intentions to vote for online psychotherapy, but the most important influence on this prediction came from the attitudes. Such results are discussed in the light of the previous research findings that also confirmed the main suppositions of reasoned action theory.(AU)