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Background: The growing popularity of nutrient-rich foods, among which is quinoa, is due to the increasing demand for healthier choices. Oils and hydrolyzed proteins from these foods may help prevent various health issues. The objective of this work was to perform extraction from the endosperm of the grain from high-protein quinoa flour by physical means via a differential abrasive milling process and extracting the oil using an automatic auger extractor at 160°C, as well as characterizing extracted oil. Methods: Quinoa oil extraction and physicochemical characterization were carried out. Chemical and physical quality indexes of quinoa oil were established, and both characterizations were conducted based on international and Columbian standards. Thermal properties were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, and rheological and interfacial properties of the oil were evaluated using hybrid rheometers and Drop Tensiometers, respectively, to determine its potential for obtaining functional foods. Results: The result was 10.5 g of oil/ 100 g of endosperm, with a moisture content of 0.12%, insoluble impurities of 0.017%, peroxide index of 18.5 meq O 2/kg of oil, saponification index of 189.6 mg potassium hydroxide/g of oil, refractive index of 1.401, and a density of 0.9179 g/cm 3 at 20°C. Regarding contaminating metals, it presented 7 mg of iron/kg of oil, a value higher than previously established limits of 5 mg of iron/kg of oil. The oil contained 24.9% oleic acid, 55.3% linoleic acid, and 4% linolenic acid, demonstrating antioxidant capacity. Quinoa oil showed thermal properties similar to other commercial oils. Conclusions: The interfacial and rheological properties were suitable for the stabilization of emulsions, gels, and foams, which are important in various industrial applications and could facilitate the development of new products. The extracted quinoa oil presented similar characteristics to other commercial oils, which could make it a potential product for commercialization and application in different industries.

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Phasepy is a Python based package for fluid phase equilibria and interfacial properties calculation from equation of state (EoS). Phasepy uses several tools (i.e., NumPy, SciPy, Pandas, Matplotlib) allowing use Phasepy under Jupyter Notebooks. Phasepy models phase equilibria with the traditional ϕ-γ and ϕ-ϕ approaches, where ϕ (fugacity coefficient) can be modeled as a perfect gas, virial gas or EoS fluid, whereas γ (activity coefficient) can be described by conventional models (NRTL, Wilson, Redlich-Kister expansion, and the group contribution modified-UNIFAC). Interfacial properties are based on the square gradient theory couple to ϕ-ϕ approach. The available EoSs are the cubic EoS family extended to mixtures through the quadratic, modified-Huron-Vidal, and Wong-Sandler mixing rules. Phasepy allows to analyze phase stability, compute phase equilibria, interfacial properties, and optimize their parameters for vapor-liquid, liquid-liquid, and vapor-liquid-liquid equilibria for multicomponent mixtures. Phasepy implementation, and robustness are illustrated for binary and ternary mixtures.

RESUMO

Response surface methodology was used for establishing the amplitude (72.67%) and time (17.29 min) high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS) conditions leading to an optimized faba bean protein isolate (OFPI) with lower interfacial tension, zeta potential and viscosity, and higher solubility than native faba bean protein isolate (NFPI). OFPI showed significantly higher adsorption dynamics at the air-water interface, and produced foam with significant smaller bubble diameter, higher overrun, stability and yield stress, and lower liquid drainage than NFPI. Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FT-IR) revealed that the secondary structure of OFPI deferred from NFPI in terms of increases in ß conformations (6.61% ß-sheet, 19.6% ß-turn, 0.8% anti-parallel ß-sheet) and decreases in inter-molecular aggregates (43.54%). Multienzyme study pinpointed that the structural changes could have induced a decrease on the relative protein digestibility of OFPI respect that of NFPI. The results of this work demonstrate that HIUS technology improves the surface and foaming properties of faba bean protein isolate, which may favour the revalorisation of this crop.

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A gold millielectrode (GME) functionalized with a mixed (16-MHA + EG3SH) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was used to fabricate an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) immunosensor for the sensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a prostate cancer (PCa) biomarker, in human serum samples. To address and minimize the issue of non-specific protein adsorption, an organic matrix (amine-PEG3-biotin/avidin) was assembled on the previously functionalized electrode surface to build up an ordered and hierarchically organized interfacial supramolecular architecture: Au/16-MHA/EG3SH/amine-PEG3-biotin/avidin. The electrode was then exposed to serum samples at different concentrations of a sandwich-type immunocomplex molecule ((Btn)Ab-AgPSA-(HRP)Ab), and its interfacial properties were characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Calibration curves for polarization resistance (RP) and capacitance (1/C) vs. total and free PSA concentrations were obtained and their analytical quality parameters were determined. This approach was compared with results obtained from a commercially available ELISA immunosensor. The results obtained in this work showed that the proposed immunosensor can be successfully applied to analyze serum samples of patients representative of the Mexican population.

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The effect of high intensity ultrasound (HIUS) may produce structural modifications on proteins through a friendly environmental process. Thus, it can be possible to obtain aggregates with a determined particle size, and altering a defined functional property at the same time. The objective of this work was to explore the impact of HIUS on the functionality of a denatured soy protein isolate (SPI) on foaming and interfacial properties. SPI solutions at pH 6.9 were treated with HIUS for 20 min, in an ultrasonic processor at room temperature, at 75, 80 and 85°C. The operating conditions were: 20 kHz, 4.27 ± 0.71 W and 20% of amplitude. It was determined the size of the protein particles, before and after the HIUS treatment, by dynamic light scattering. It was also analyzed the interfacial behavior of the different systems as well as their foaming properties, by applying the whipping method. The HIUS treatment and HIUS with temperature improved the foaming capacity by alteration of particle size whereas stability was not modified significantly. The temperature of HIUS treatment (80 and 85°C) showed a synergistic effect on foaming capacity. It was found that the reduction of particle size was related to the increase of foaming capacity of SPI. On the other hand, the invariable elasticity of the interfacial films could explain the stability of foams over time.

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En este estudio se determinaron las propiedades interfaciales en solución acuosa del surfactante del tipo PDMS-éster que contiene polidimetilsiloxano (PDMS), polietilenglicol (PEG), anhídrido maléico y ácido fumárico. Para el estudio de las propiedades interfaciales se emplearon las técnicas tensiometría y espectroscopia en la región del UV-VIS. En solución acuosa este surfactante mostró un comportamiento complejo, que es dependiente de la concentración. En este surfactante se observó un cambio brusco en la curva de tensión superficial en función de la concentración, produciendo una reducción de la tensión superficial del agua hasta 48,9 mN/m en la CMC. La concentración del surfactante en la CMC fue de 1032 mg/L. La eficiencia del surfactante PDMS-éster se calculó como pC20 y se determinó como la concentración del surfactante necesaria para conseguir una disminución de la tensión superficial de 20 mN/m. El valor de C20 obtenido fue 213 mg/L (1,554x10-5 mol/L) (pC20=4,81). Esta concentración sirve como un indicador de la eficiencia de la adsorción del surfactante, ya que la reducción de la tensión superficial de la solución por el surfactante depende de la substitución de moléculas en la interface solución/vapor.

In this work the interfacial properties in aqueous solution of surfactant of si-licon PDMS-ester type containing PEG, anhydride maleic and fumaric acid had been determined. In order to study the interfacial properties tensiometry and spectroscopy UV-VIS techniques were used. The surfactant in aqueous solution showed a complex behavior and this is dependent on the concentration. This surfactant was showed an abrupt change in surface tension curve as a function of concentration, leading to reduced sur-face tension of water to 48.9 mN/m in the CMC. The concentration of surfac-tant in the CMC was 1032 mg/L. The effciency of the PDMS-ester surfactant was calculated as pC20 and determined as the concentration of surfactant re-quired to achieve a decrease in surface tension up 20mN/m. The value of C20 obtained was 213 mg/L (1.554 x10-5 mol/L) (pC20 = 4.81). This concentra-tion serves as an indicator of the eff-ciency of adsorption of the surfactant, since the reduction of surface tension of the surfactant solution depends on the substitution of molecules at the interfa-ce solution / vapor.

Neste trabalho foi feita a determinação das propriedades interfaciais do surfactante de silicone tipo PDMS-éster, con-tendo PEG, anidrido maleico e ácido fumárico. Para o estudo das propriedades interfaciais foram utilizadas as técnicas tensiometria e espectroscopia na região UV-VIS. Em solucao aquosa, este surfactante mostra um comportamento complexo e é dependente da concentracao; além disso, mostra urna mudança brusca na curva de tensão superficial em função da concentracao, produzindo urna reducao da tensão superficial da água até 48,9 (mN/m) na CMC. A concentracao do surfactante na CMC foi de 1032 mg/L. A eficiência do surfactante PDMS-éster foi calculada como pC20 determinada como a concentracao do surfactante necessá-ria para conseguir urna diminuicao da tensão superficial de 20mN/m. O valor de C20 obtido foi 213 mg/L (1,554x10"5 mol/L) (pC20=4,81). Esta concentracao serve como um indicador da eficiência da adsorcao do surfactante, já que a redução da tensão superficial da solução pelo surfactante depende da substituicao de moléculas na interface solucao/vapor.