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Coping with complex landscape situations in the Anthropocene increasingly demands innovative governance practices that can be facilitated by investment in new epistemological and methodological approaches and capacities. This paper explores the use of a multimethodological research approach organized as a systemic co-inquiry to assist in the design of systemic governance for Agroextractivist Settlement Projects (PAEs) in the municipality of Abaetetuba, Pará, in the Brazilian Amazon. In the PAEs, the systemic co-inquiry was conducted alongside interested and influential stakeholders through the combined use of the Soft Systems Methodology and Strategic Options Development and Analysis problem structuring methods. The use of these methods and their tools allowed stakeholders to articulate major issues around the situation of concern, engaging in reflective practices about the opportunities of governing the PAEs systemically. By valuing stakeholder perspectives and participation in all phases of the research, the proposed multimethodology approach helped them express their views on the problem situation and allowed for their active engagement in the design of systemic governance of the PAEs. As a result of adopting a multimethodological approach, distinctive albeit coupled realms of governing are explored, a key issue when designing systemic governance practices of social-ecological systems such as the PAEs.

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BACKGROUND: Suriname is a uppermiddle-income country with a relatively high prevalence of preventable pregnancy complications. Access to and usage of high-quality maternity care services are lacking. The implementation of group care (GC) may yield maternal and child health improvements. However, before introducing a complex intervention it is pivotal to develop an understanding of the local context to inform the implementation process. METHODS: A context analysis was conducted to identify local needs toward maternity and postnatal care services, and to assess contextual factor relevant to implementability of GC. During a Rapid Qualitative Inquiry, 63 online and face-to-face semi-structured interviews were held with parents, community members, on-and off-site healthcare professionals, policy makers, and one focus group with parents was conducted. Audio recordings were transcribed in verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis and Framework Method. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research served as a base for the coding tree, which was complemented with inductively derived codes. RESULTS: Ten themes related to implementability, one theme related to sustainability, and seven themes related to reaching and participation of the target population in GC were identified. Factors related to health care professionals (e.g., workload, compatibility, ownership, role clarity), to GC, to recipients and to planning impact the implementability of GC, while sustainability is in particular hampered by sparse financial and human resources. Reach affects both implementability and sustainability. Yet, outer setting and attitudinal barriers of health professionals will likely affect reach. CONCLUSIONS: Multi-layered contextual factors impact not only implementability and sustainability of GC, but also reach of parents. We advise future researchers and implementors of GC to investigate not only determinants for implementability and sustainability, but also those factors that may hamper, or facilitate up-take. Practical, attitudinal and cultural barriers to GC participation need to be examined. Themes identified in this study will inspire the development of adaptations and implementation strategies at a later stage.

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RESUMEN: En este artículo se da a conocer un estudio realizado mediante la indagación narrativa autobiográfica haciendo uso de la tridimensionalidad de la indagación narrativa: temporalidad, sociabilidad y lugar. Se explora acerca de los desafíos que implica formarse como docente universitario inclusivo, basándose en las historias de Eddy, un profesor universitario hondureño. A través de la lectura del texto, revisiones, conversaciones y reflexiones, los autores pudieron reescribir las narrativas de Eddy. En dicho intercambio emergen y se profundiza en cuatro historias siendo estas: a) encuentro con la discapacidad, b) involucrarse en la lucha por generar un contexto inclusivo, c) formarse como docente inclusivo y d) sus posibles retos en un entorno desigual.

ABSTRACT: In this article, it is disseminated a study conducted through an autobiographical narrative inquiry, using the three-dimensionality of narrative inquiry: temporality, sociability and local. The challenges that imply the training of the inclusive university professor are explored, based on Eddy's stories, a Honduran university professor. Through reading the text, revisions, conversations and reflections, the authors were able to rewrite Eddy's narratives. In this exchange, four stories emerged and were deepened, namely: a) encountering with the disability; b) getting involved in the struggle to generate an inclusive context; c) training as an inclusive professor; and d) his possible challenges in an unequal environment.

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California agricultural workers are predominately Latino/a, are medically underserved, and reside in larger households, placing them at elevated COVID-19 risk at work and at home. While some research has examined COVID-19 among agricultural workers in the interior of the United States, little research exists on experiences of COVID-19 along the US-Mexico border. Grounded in resilience thinking, this study aims to understand how agricultural workers navigated their heightened risk to COVID-19 at work and at home, and made use of available resources in the context of a bi-national community. Our study utilized qualitative interviews with 12 agricultural workers to understanding the COVID-19 experiences of resident and daily migrant agricultural workers in Imperial County, California, located along the US-Mexico border. Findings suggest that agricultural workers faced significant impacts and risks at work (work stoppages, stress about bringing COVID-19 home to family) and at home (contracting COVID-19, loss of friends and family, and mental health challenges). Agricultural workers and their employers often implemented COVID-19 precautions such as social distancing measures, personal protective equipment, hand washing and hand sanitizers, and isolation. Many agricultural workers did access testing resources on either side of the US-Mexico border and worked with US-based Spanish-speaking community-based organizations to register for vaccine appointments. To better support agricultural workers and their employers in the future, we recommend the following: 1. Prioritize agricultural workplace conditions to increase agricultural worker physical and mental health, 2. Extend public health services into agricultural work sites of transit and the workplace, and 3. Lastly, trusted Spanish-speaking community-based organizations can play a critical role in public health outreach.

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When they discuss the Danish academic situation, Szulevicz, Lund and Lund (2021) address three questions about the academic training of psychology researchers: (a) why do Danish master's students in psychology more frequently choose the qualitative method for their research?; (b) what are psychology students working on?; and (c) what are they interested in? These three questions have led us to reflect on researcher training and the political and educational model universities adopt for psychology master's courses, not only in the Danish context, but also in other general contexts. In this commentary, we will discuss one strictly normative issue: what should the scientific ideal be for training researchers in psychology? Or more accurately: how can psychology contribute to discussions about the scientific ideal of researcher training in this knowledge area?

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Próteses totais imediatas e overdentures mandibulares em carga imediata, são boas alternativas para restaurar a função e a estética. Além disso, proporcionam um fator psicológico positivo, eliminando as consequências emocionais e sociais da perda dos dentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um caso clínico, com cinco anos de acompanhamento, utilizando parâmetros clínicos e ferramentas qualitativas, para analisar o impacto na qualidade de vida do paciente e no sucesso do tratamento. Este caso clínico foi desenvolvido em um projeto assistencial da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil, que promove a reabilitação oral de pacientes de baixa renda com dentes severamente comprometidos. Paciente do sexo masculino, 57 anos, apresentou-se para tratamento com condição severa de saúde dental e periodontal. O plano de tratamento proposto foi a extração dos dentes remanescentes e confecção de prótese total imediata maxilar e overdenture mandibular, em carga imediata, sobre implantes. O paciente foi acompanhado periodicamente, a cada seis meses, para substituição do o´rings, conforme recomendação do fabricante. Após 5 anos, as próteses foram reembasadas com resina acrílica termopolimerizável e os componentes protéticos da overdenture foram substituídos. Em um acompanhamento qualitativo, a equipe utilizou uma entrevista narrativa, com foco nos impactos do tratamento na qualidade de vida desse paciente. Ele confirmou, em um relato em primeira pessoa, sua satisfação com o tratamento realizado e a melhora nas relações sociais, afetivas e no trabalho, mostrando como a reconquista do sorriso pode transformar a experiência pessoal do indivíduo(AU)

Immediate complete dentures and mandibular immediately loaded overdentures are good alternatives to restore function and aesthetics. Moreover, they provide positive psychological factor, eliminating the emotional and social consequences of tooth loss. The aim of this study was to report a clinical case, with five years of follow-up using clinical parameters and qualitative tools, to analyze the impact on quality of life and the success of treatment. This clinical case was developed in an assistance project of the Dental School of Federal University of Minas Gerais in Brazil, which promotes oral rehabilitation of low-income patients with severely damaged dentitions. A 57-yearold male patient presented for treatment with a severe dental and periodontal health condition. The proposed treatment plan was extraction of the remaining teeth and making maxillary immediate complete denture and mandibular immediately loaded implant-supported overdenture. The patient was monitored periodically, every six months, to replace the polymer ring ball attachment, according to the manufacturer's recommendation. After 5 years, the prostheses were relining with heat-polymerized acrylic resin and overdenture prosthetic components were replaced. In a qualitative follow-up, the team used a narrative interview, focusing on the impacts of treatment in the quality of life of this patient. He confirms, in a firstperson account, his satisfaction with the treatment performed and improvements in social and affective relations and in the work, showing how the reconquest of the smile can transform the personal experience of the individual(AU)

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This study proposes a hands-on activity as an experimental alternative method to teach biomedical engineering students the osmosis phenomenon. The students were guided along a learning path that involved their participation in the design and construction of a test device used to measure osmotic flow rate. Thereafter, an experiment was conducted with the test device. The students analyzed the obtained experimental values, which provided them with evidence of the functionality of the device. In addition, they were provided with the opportunity to suggest improvements and to propose alternatives to expand the use of the device to test other transport phenomena such as diffusion. Moreover, a student perception survey was conducted, and the results showed that this proposed plan allows for a better understanding of the phenomenon and stimulates the curiosity of students, improving the receptiveness, key in the learning process of the students.

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BACKGROUND Dogs are the main peridomiciliary reservoir of Leishmania infantum thus the correct diagnosis of infection is essential for the control of the transmission and treatment as well. However, the diagnosis is based on serological assays that are not fully effective. OBJECTIVE We aimed to establish an effective serological assay for the diagnosis of L. infantum infected dogs using Leishmania-derived recombinant antigens. METHODS Leishmania derived rK39-, rK28-, rKR95-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was standardized using symptomatic and asymptomatic L. infantum-infected dogs. Then 2,530 samples from inquiry in endemic areas for VL were evaluated and the results compared with recommended assays by the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MH algorithm). Further samples from a cohort of 30 dogs were searched. FINDINGS For rK39-, rK28- and rKR95-ELISA the sensitivity was around 97% and specificity 100%. The positivity of these three ELISA in the inquiry samples was 27-28%, around 10% higher than the assays currently in use. When cohort samples were searched, we observed likely false-negative results (> 65%) with supposedly negative samples that turned positive six months later with the assays in use (MH algorithm). MAIN CONCLUSIONS For the diagnosis of L. infantum-infected dogs, rK39-based ELISA showed better diagnostic performance than other assays in use in Brazil and worldwide.

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Se presenta el Pesquisador Virtual, solución informática desarrollada por la Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas (UCI) en colaboración con el Ministerio de Salud Pública (MINSAP), que mediante encuestas permite captar información del estado de salud (síntomas y padecimientos) de la población, como complemento al proceso de pesquisa activa, en el marco del enfrentamiento epidemiológico a la pandemia COVID-19. Para la realización de la encuesta se cuenta con una solución móvil y una solución Web. El resultado de la encuesta (información estadística y nominal) es monitorizada en tiempo real mediante gráficos y estadísticas por las diferentes instancias del MINSAP, tanto a nivel nacional como provincial y municipal, mostrando reportes personalizados según el nivel de acceso en dependencia del nivel del organismo. Con esta información, diferentes instancias del sistema de Salud actúan de manera inmediata, sobre todo la atención primaria de salud (APS), para evitar la propagación de la epidemia y la atención temprana de posibles contagiados(AU)

This article presents Pesquisador Virtual, a computer solution developed by the University of Informatics Sciences (UCI) in collaboration with the Ministry of Public Health (MINSAP), which, through surveys, allows the capture of information about the population's health status, as a complement to the active inquiry process in the context of the epidemiological response to the COVID-19 pandemic. A mobile and Web solutions are available for the presentation of the survey. The results of the survey (statistical and nominal information) are monitored in real time through graphics and statistics by the different MINSAP structures at the national, provincial and municipal levels, with variable access depending on the level of the structures. With this information, different departments of the health system act immediately, especially Primary Health Care (APS), to prevent the spread of the epidemic and to provide early care for those who may be infected(AU)

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Resumo: Problematizar a escuta especializada, aos moldes da Lei nº 13.341/2017, de crianças e adolescentes vítimas ou testemunhas de violência, perpassa pela garantia da "proteção integral" frente a reflexão do movimento histórico. O presente estudo pretende discutir as implicações de tais requisições nos espaços sócio-ocupacionais do assistente social atuante na Rede de Proteção de Crianças e Adolescentes, a partir de análise bibliográfica e do arcabouço legal acerca da metodologia.

Abstract: Problematizing the specialized listening, to the molds of the law 13.341/2017, of children and adolescents victims or witnesses of violence, permeated by the guarantee of "integral protection" in the face of the reflection of the historical. The present study intends to discuss the implications of such requests in the socio-occupational spaces of the social worker working in the Child and Adolescent Protection network, based on bibliographic analysis and the legal framework About the methodology.

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Resumen El abuso sexual infantil puede dejar efectos en la experiencia erótica de las personas. Sin embargo, cuando dicha vivencia es narrada por los participantes ellos podrían significar de diversas maneras sus posibles consecuencias. Por lo tanto, llevamos a cabo una investigación cualitativa, bajo el marco teórico del construccionismo social, en la que participaron cuatro mujeres y dos hombres, quienes experimentaron abusos sexuales en la infancia. Realizamos entrevistas semi-estructuradas y temáticas. En el análisis de las narrativas, observamos la importancia de los constructos de género tradicionales en las primeras experiencias eróticas. Adicionalmente, las vivencias de abusos sexuales permitieron dar sentido a las dificultades observadas en la edad adulta. Finalmente, destacamos que el valor otorgado al amor fue un elemento que permitió la resignificación positiva de la experiencia.

Abstract Child sexual abuse may have effects on the erotic experience of people. However, when such an episode is narrated by the participants, they might give meaning to its possible consequences in different ways. Therefore, we carried out a qualitative research within the theoretical framework of social constructionism involving four women and two men who experienced sexual abuse in childhood. We conducted semi-structured and thematic interviews. In the analysis of the narratives, we noted the importance of the traditional gender constructs in the first erotic experience. Additionally, the experiences of sexual abuse helped to make sense of the difficulties observed in adulthood. Finally, we highlight that the value attributed to love was an element that allowed the positive re-signification of the experience.

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Desde el origen de la República, Chile ha probado diversos modelos educativos con el fin de responder a los requerimientos y necesidades de una población en un avanzada transición epidemiológica y demográfica y que requerirá un nuevo tipo de profesional que responda de forma versátil y adaptada a una sociedad en constante cambio, donde la migración, la adquisición de enfermedades foráneas y el acelerado proceso de envejecimiento y de industrialización de la sociedad llevarán a un incremento explosivo de las enfermedades neurodegenerativas, los cánceres y la emergencia de nuevas enfermedades de origen parasitaria, virales y bacterianas a las cuales la población no se encontraba adaptada

Since the origin of the Republic, Chile has tested different educational models in order to respond to the requirements and needs of a population in an advanced epidemiological and demographic transition and that will require a new type of professional who respond in a versatile way and adapted to a society constantly changing, where migration, acquisition foreign diseases and the accelerated process of aging and industrialization of society will lead to an explosive increase in diseases neurodegenerative drugs, cancers and the emergency of new diseases of parasitic, viral and bacteria to which the population was not adapted

Depuis l'origine de la République, le Chili a testé différents modèles éducatifs afin de répondre aux les besoins et les besoins d'une population une transition épidémiologique et démographique avancée et qui nécessitera un nouveau type de professionnel qui répondre de manière polyvalente et adaptée à une société en constante évolution, où la migration, l'acquisition maladies étrangères et le processus accéléré de vieillissement et industrialisation de la société conduira à une augmentation explosive des maladies médicaments neurodégénératifs, les cancers et l'urgence nouvelles maladies parasitaires, virales et bactéries auxquelles la population n'était pas Adapté

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La indagación científica se entiende como un "proceso en el cual se plantean preguntas acerca del mundo natural, se generan hipótesis, se diseña una investigación, y se colectan, analizan datos con el objeto de encontrar una solución al problema" (Windschitl, 2003: 113). La educación médica en Chile presenta un enfoque médico hegemónico que aún arrastra falencias en torno a un modelo mecanicista, segmentado y desigual. Esta manifestación se perpetúa a través de la educación desde el ciclo preescolar hasta la enseñanza secundaria. Acerca de este tópico la A. de Cs. de Chile expresó en 2005la Academia de Ciencias, durante el 2005 señaló que: "Ha girado tradicionalmente en torno de una enseñanza desagregada o disciplinaria del saber científico, una instrucción enciclopedista, un aprendizaje memorístico de conocimientos atomizados, datos fragmentarios e informaciones puntuales, con una comprensión de la ciencia descontextualizada del mundo cotidiano y de las necesidades de la vida social"

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Resumo A proposta deste artigo é pensar a criação de um campo híbrido de pesquisa/experimentação na intersecção entre arte contemporânea e psicologia. Nesse sentido, exploramos o eixo arte/experiência, na intenção de produzir linhas singulares e sensíveis de subjetivação, mais afeitas ao devir e aos fluxos do que a identidades fixas. Enquanto sujeitos/pesquisadores/artistas, nossa proposta foi criar metáforas, experiências, imagens de pensamento e rasgos no que nos chega pronto, a partir da elaboração de uma figuração híbrida/plástica de corpo/subjetividade. Este foi o meio que encontramos para dar passagem para diferentes superfícies intensivas. Para tanto, valemo-nos da Metodologia de Pesquisa Baseada nas Artes e de conceitos como figuração, conexões parciais, saberes localizados (Haraway, 1995, 2013), subjetividade estética (Rolnik, 2002; Teixeira, 1993), lógica da sensação (Deleuze, 2002), entre outros.

Resumen La propuesta de este artículo es pensar la creación de un campo híbrido de investigación/experimentación en la intersección entre psicología y arte contemporáneo. En este sentido, exploramos el eje arte/experiencia, con el fin de producir líneas singulares y sensibles de subjetivación, más acostumbradas al devenir y a los flujos que a las identidades fijas. Como sujetos/investigadores/artistas, nuestra propuesta fue crear metáforas, experiencias, imágenes de pensamiento y rasgos de aquello que nos llega listo, desde la elaboración de una figuración híbrida/plástica de cuerpo/subjetividad. Este fue el medio que encontramos para dar paso a diferentes superficies intensivas. Con este fin, nos basamos en la metodología de investigación basada en las artes y conceptos tales como figuración, conexiones parciales, conocimiento situado (Haraway, 1995, 2013), subjetividad estética (Rolnik, 2002; Teixeira, 1993), lógica de la sensación (Deleuze, 2002), entre otros.

Abstract The aim of this article is to consider the creation of a hybrid research/experimentation field at the intersection of contemporary art and psychology. In this sense, we explore the art/experience axis, with the intention of producing singular and sensitive lines of subjectivation. Lines that are more akin to becoming and to the flows than to fixed identities. While individuals/researchers/artists, our proposal was to create metaphors, experiences, images of thoughts and tears in what come to us as ready-made by creating a hybrid figuration/plastic body/subjectivity. This was the way we found to make different intensive surfaces flow. To do so, we followed the Arts Based Research Methodology, and concepts such as figuration, partial connections, located knowledges (Haraway, 1995; 2013), aesthetic subjectivity (Teixeira, 1993; Rolnik, 2002), the logic of sensation (Deleuze, 2002), among others.

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Research designs refer to the way information is obtained and are limited by ethical, economic and temporal viability. Research designs are standardized strategies to reduce biases, which in the architectural model of research are identified in the baseline state, the maneuver and the outcome; hence, there are no specific designs for each question. The design with the lowest probability of bias is the clinical trial, followed by cohort and case-control studies and, finally, by cross-sectional surveys. Among the main characteristics that give merit to research designs are the following: population inquiry, which refers to the situation of the population in relation to the clinical course/natural history of the disease; the maneuver, or action that is expected to modify the baseline state, which can be observational or experimental; follow-up, or documented monitoring that is given to each subject, which can be longitudinal or cross-sectional; and directionality, which can prolective or retrolective and refers to the timing of data collection for research purposes. It will always be better having a valuable question, even when answered with a design with higher risk of bias, than a question that is irrelevant or has no applicability.

Los diseños de investigación se refieren a la forma como se obtiene la información y están limitados por viabilidad ética, económica y temporal. Son estrategias estandarizadas para disminuir los sesgos que en el modelo arquitectónico de la investigación se identifican en el estado basal, maniobra y desenlace; de ahí que no hay diseños específicos para cada pregunta. El diseño con menor probabilidad de sesgos es el ensayo clínico, seguido de la cohorte, el estudio de casos y controles y, finalmente, la encuesta transversal. Entre las principales características que dan mérito a los diseños están las siguientes: la pesquisa de la población, que se refiere a la ubicación de la población en relación con el curso clínico o historia natural de la enfermedad; la maniobra, o acción que se espera modifique la condición basal, que puede ser observacional o experimental; el seguimiento, o monitoreo documentado que se le da a cada sujeto, que puede ser longitudinal o transversal; y la direccionalidad, prolectiva o retrolectiva, que alude al tiempo de recopilación de la información con fines de investigación. Siempre será mejor tener una pregunta valiosa, incluso cuando se responda con un diseño con mayor riesgo de sesgos, que una pregunta irrelevante o sin aplicabilidad.

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Background: Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a viral and lymphoproliferative disease that attributes negative economicimpacts to dairy farming. The immunosuppressive condition of these bovines favors the development of bacterial diseases such as tuberculosis, brucellosis, and bovine leptospirosis, which implications to the public health given that theyare zoonosis. Diagnosis and control of EBL are neglected in cattle rearing, allowing their dissemination, especially indeveloping countries. In this sense, the objective of this study was to analyze the risk factors of EBL in dairy cattle fromthe Brazilian Amazon.Materials, Methods & Results: In order to identify the BLV-infected animals (527 serological samples), we used theagarose gel immunodiffusion serological test (IDGA) to diagnose the EBL and characterize the risk factors through theapplication of epidemiological questionnaires. We used the logistic regression test to evaluate the existence of a significantassociation between the variables. The EBL frequency in the study area was 14.42%. We detected seroreagent bovines inall municipalities evaluated with 95% of the properties showing outbreaks of the disease. The reuse of needles was therisk factor with the most significant statistical association (P < 0.01; OR = 2.16).Discussion: The origin of EBL in the Brazilian Amazon is probably related to the expansion of dairy cattle in the 1980s,which, at first, demanded the importation of cattle for the fast formation of the herds, without complying with the sanitarycriteria of animal commercialization. The frequency of EBL in the Rio Branco microregion is below the estimated nationalaverage, as well as the regional level. The reduced influx of animals due to the geographical situation of Acre, since itis an area of greater physical isolation due to forest and river barriers, may influence the observed frequency. Differentenvironmental...(AU)

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Resumen Los diseños de investigación se refieren a la forma como se obtiene la información y están limitados por viabilidad ética, económica y temporal. Son estrategias estandarizadas para disminuir los sesgos que en el modelo arquitectónico de la investigación se identifican en el estado basal, maniobra y desenlace; de ahí que no hay diseños específicos para cada pregunta. El diseño con menor probabilidad de sesgos es el ensayo clínico, seguido de la cohorte, el estudio de casos y controles y, finalmente, la encuesta transversal. Entre las principales características que dan mérito a los diseños están las siguientes: la pesquisa de la población, que se refiere a la ubicación de la población en relación con el curso clínico o historia natural de la enfermedad; la maniobra, o acción que se espera modifique la condición basal, que puede ser observacional o experimental; el seguimiento, o monitoreo documentado que se le da a cada sujeto, que puede ser longitudinal o transversal; y la direccionalidad, prolectiva o retrolectiva, que alude al tiempo de recopilación de la información con fines de investigación. Siempre será mejor tener una pregunta valiosa, incluso cuando se responda con un diseño con mayor riesgo de sesgos, que una pregunta irrelevante o sin aplicabilidad.

Abstract Research designs refer to the way information is obtained and are limited by ethical, economic and temporal viability. Research designs are standardized strategies to reduce biases, which in the architectural model of research are identified in the baseline state, the maneuver and the outcome; hence, there are no specific designs for each question. The design with the lowest probability of bias is the clinical trial, followed by cohort and case-control studies and, finally, by cross-sectional surveys. Among the main characteristics that give merit to research designs are the following: population inquiry, which refers to the situation of the population in relation to the clinical course/natural history of the disease; the maneuver, or action that is expected to modify the baseline state, which can be observational or experimental; follow-up, or documented monitoring that is given to each subject, which can be longitudinal or cross-sectional; and directionality, which can prolective or retrolective and refers to the timing of data collection for research purposes. It will always be better having a valuable question, even when answered with a design with higher risk of bias, than a question that is irrelevant or has no applicability.

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Background: Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a viral and lymphoproliferative disease that attributes negative economicimpacts to dairy farming. The immunosuppressive condition of these bovines favors the development of bacterial diseases such as tuberculosis, brucellosis, and bovine leptospirosis, which implications to the public health given that theyare zoonosis. Diagnosis and control of EBL are neglected in cattle rearing, allowing their dissemination, especially indeveloping countries. In this sense, the objective of this study was to analyze the risk factors of EBL in dairy cattle fromthe Brazilian Amazon.Materials, Methods & Results: In order to identify the BLV-infected animals (527 serological samples), we used theagarose gel immunodiffusion serological test (IDGA) to diagnose the EBL and characterize the risk factors through theapplication of epidemiological questionnaires. We used the logistic regression test to evaluate the existence of a significantassociation between the variables. The EBL frequency in the study area was 14.42%. We detected seroreagent bovines inall municipalities evaluated with 95% of the properties showing outbreaks of the disease. The reuse of needles was therisk factor with the most significant statistical association (P < 0.01; OR = 2.16).Discussion: The origin of EBL in the Brazilian Amazon is probably related to the expansion of dairy cattle in the 1980s,which, at first, demanded the importation of cattle for the fast formation of the herds, without complying with the sanitarycriteria of animal commercialization. The frequency of EBL in the Rio Branco microregion is below the estimated nationalaverage, as well as the regional level. The reduced influx of animals due to the geographical situation of Acre, since itis an area of greater physical isolation due to forest and river barriers, may influence the observed frequency. Differentenvironmental...

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ABSTRACT Current teaching proposals involve teaching strategies that seek to assist and encourage the construction of knowledge by the students, turning them into active participants during the learning process and these have been the subject of several researches. This article reports a didactic sequence carried out with students of applied training for the first year Medical Sciences USP - Bauru, and proposes, as part of its pedagogical design, Problem Based Learning (PBL) as the main teaching strategy. In this didactic sequence we used experimental investigative activities. A didactic sequence that includes investigative activities can be characterized as a gradual evolutionary process, with the objective of intertwining the scientific perspective and the students' conceptions, through well-planned teaching and learning activities contextualized and empirically adapted to the student's reasoning. The objective of this work is to share an assertive experience of the application of a contextualized research didactic sequence that involved concepts ranging from the simplest chemical properties of biomolecules and ions to the association and discussion of a hypothetical clinical case involving proteinuria. Its pathophysiology consists of the excretion of protein in the urine, mainly albumin, and occurs when there is some damage to the kidneys. Therefore, the dosage of the protein fraction in urine (albuminuria) is mainly used for the early detection of chronic or acute kidney disease and can also be an instrument for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, one should be aware of the possible interferences and the various causes of errors inherent to this examination. In this way, through a didactic resource involving contextualized research experimental activities, having proteinuria as the key problem, we were able to re-approximate specific concepts and to value procedural and attitudinal knowledge, which is important for students in this training phase. In this proposal, the students were protagonists of the learning process, where they were able to raise and test their hypotheses, interconnecting knowledge, acquiring specific skills and competences, allowing reflection on the importance of fundamentals and applications of the basic sciences. The purpose of the investigative and contextualized didactic sequences is to form autonomous subjects, who know how to make decisions and work in teams and have a sound and critical understanding of how scientific knowledge evolves and is related.

RESUMO As propostas de ensino atuais envolvem estratégias de ensino que auxiliam e incentivam a construção do conhecimento, fazendo com que o aluno seja um participante ativo do processo de aprendizagem, e têm sido alvo de diversas pesquisas. Este artigo relata, aula a aula, uma sequência didática realizada com alunos em fase inicial de formação, aplicada à primeira turma do curso de Ciências Médicas da USP - Bauru, que propõe em seu projeto pedagógico o Aprendizado Baseado em Problemas (PBL) como principal estratégia de ensino. Nesta sequência didática, utilizamos atividades experimentais investigativas. A característica principal de uma sequência didática que inclui atividades investigativas é seu processo evolutivo gradual, com o objetivo de entrelaçar a perspectiva científica e as concepções dos estudantes por meio de atividades de ensino-aprendizagem bem planejadas, contextualizadas e empiricamente adaptadas ao raciocínio do aluno. O objetivo deste trabalho é compartilhar uma vivência assertiva da aplicação de uma sequência didática de caráter investigativo contextualizada, que envolveu conceitos que foram desde as propriedades químicas mais simples das biomoléculas/íons até a associação e discussão de um caso clínico hipotético envolvendo proteinúria. Essa fisiopatologia consiste na excreção de proteína na urina, principalmente albumina, e ocorre quando há algum dano nos rins. Sendo assim, a dosagem da fração proteica na urina (albuminúria) é utilizada principalmente para detecção precoce de doença renal crônica e pode ser também um instrumento para o diagnóstico de doenças cardiovasculares. Portanto, deve-se estar atento aos possíveis elementos interferentes e às variadas causas de erros inerentes a esse exame. Desta maneira, por meio de um recurso didático que envolve atividades experimentais investigativas contextualizadas, tendo como questão problematizadora um caso de proteinúria, pudemos nos reaproximar de conceitos específicos e valorizar os saberes procedimentais e atitudinais, o que é importante para os alunos nesta fase de formação. Nesta proposta, os alunos foram protagonistas do processo de aprendizagem, no qual puderam levantar e testar suas hipóteses, interligando conhecimentos e adquirindo habilidades e competências específicas, o que possibilitou uma reflexão sobre a importância dos fundamentos e aplicações das ciências básicas. O propósito das sequências didáticas investigativas e contextualizadas é formar sujeitos autônomos, que saibam tomar decisões e trabalhar emequipe, seguros e críticos, compreendendo como os saberes científicos evoluem e estão relacionados.

RESUMO

Abstract Modern lifestyle is associated with prolonged exposure to sedentary behavior (SB), especially in older adults; however, there is a lack of validated questionnaires to measure SB in Brazilian older adults. The aim of this study was to adapt and validate the Brazilian version of the "Measure of Older Adults Sedentary Time" (MOST) questionnaire in Brazilian older adults. Content validity, clarity and concurrent validity of the adapted MOST were examined. Fifty-seven participants (68.7 ± 3.47 years) answered the adapted version of the MOST questionnaire and wore an ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometer for seven days. After this period, participants answered the adapted MOST again and the accelerometer was collected. MOST answers were summed over for calculating self-reported time spent in SB. A cutoff point of < 100 counts/min was applied to accelerometer data for estimating time spent in SB. The relationship between SB estimates from MOST and accelerometer was verified by Pearson correlation, reproducibility was verified by intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), internal consistency by Cronbach's alpha (α) and concordance by Bland-Altman. Significance was set at P <0.05. Content validity index and clarity index were 100% and 98%, respectively. ICC was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.56-0.82) for total time in SB assessed with the MOST questionnaire. The correlation between SB estimates from MOST and accelerometer data was 0.37 (95% CI: 0.13-0.58). The adapted MOST systematically underestimated SB compared to accelerometer (measurement bias: -732.8 min/week [2087.6; -3553.2 min/wk]). The adapted MOST questionnaire presents adequate validity for assessing SB in the Brazilian older adults.

Resumo O estilo de vida moderno está associado a maior exposição ao comportamento sedentário (CS), sobretudo em idosos, entretanto, há uma carência de questionários validados para medida do CS em idosos brasileiros. Objetivou-se adaptar transculturalmente e validar a versão brasileira do questionário "Measure of Older Adults Sedentary Time" (MOST). Adotou-se para adaptação e validação os critérios de validade de conteúdo, clareza e concorrente. Responderam ao MOST adaptado e utilizaram acelerômetro ActiGraph wGT3X-BT por sete dias, 57 idosos (68,7 ± 3,5 anos). Após esse período, o MOST adaptado foi reaplicado e o acelerômetro recolhido. Realizou-se o somatório dos tempos das questões do MOST, download dos dados do acelerômetro em counts/min e reintegração dos dados brutos para counts em epochs de 60 segundos no software ActiLife 6.0. Foi utilizado o ponto de corte <100 counts/min. A relação entre CS através do MOST e acelerômetro foi verificada pela correlação de Pearson, reprodutibilidade pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI), consistência interna pelo alpha de Cronbach (α) e concordância pelo Bland-Altman. Adotou-se p ≤ 0,05 para significância estatística. O índice de validade de conteúdo foi de 100% e clareza 98%. O CCI foi de 0,72 (IC95%: 0,56-0,82) para o tempo total em CS pelo MOST. A correlação entre o CS do MOST e do acelerômetro foi de 0,37 (IC95%:0,13-0,58). Houve tendência de subestimação do CS pelo MOST adaptado comparado ao acelerômetro (viés de medida: 732,8 min/sem [2087,6; -3553,2 min/sem]). O questionário MOST adaptado apresenta parâmetros psicométricos adequados para avaliação do CS em idosos brasileiros.

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