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BACKGROUND: Stroke management requires a coordinated strategy, adhering to clinical pathways (CP) and value-based healthcare (VBHC) principles from onset to rehabilitation. However, the discrepancies between these pathways and actual patient experiences highlight the need for ongoing monitoring and addressing interoperability issues across multiple institutions in stroke care. To address this, the Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resource (FHIR) Implementation Guide (IG) standardizes the information exchange among these systems, considering a specific context of use. OBJECTIVE: Develop an FHIR IG for stroke care rooted in established stroke CP and VBHC principles. METHOD: We represented the stroke patient journey by considering the core stroke CP, the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) dataset for stroke, and a Brazilian case study using the Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN). Next, we developed a data dictionary that aligns variables with existing FHIR resources and adapts profiling from the Brazilian National Health Data Network (BNHDN). RESULTS: Our BPMN model encompassed three critical phases that represent the entire patient journey from symptom onset to rehabilitation. The stroke data dictionary included 81 variables, which were expressed as questionnaires, profiles, and extensions. The FHIR IG comprised nine pages: Home, Stroke-CP, Data Dictionary, FHIR, ICHOM, Artifacts, Examples, Downloads, and Security. We developed 96 artifacts, including 7 questionnaires, 27 profiles with corresponding example instances, 3 extensions, 18 value sets, and 14 code systems pertinent to ICHOM outcome measures. CONCLUSION: The FHIR IG for stroke in this study represents a significant advancement in healthcare interoperability, streamlining the tracking of patient outcomes for quality enhancement, facilitating informed treatment choices, and enabling the development of dashboards to promote collaborative excellence in patient care.

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General pediatricians and those specialized in developmental-behavioral and neurodevelopmental disabilities support children with neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We identified substantial geographic disparities in pediatrician availability (eg, urban > rural areas), as well as regions with low pediatrician access but high ASD/ADHD prevalence estimates (eg, the US Southeast).

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Background: This study examined cancer mortality trends in Brazil from 1979 to 2021, emphasizing breast and prostate cancers. Methods: Utilizing data from the Brazilian Mortality Information System and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, it analyzed cancer deaths nationally and regionally, highlighting gender-specific and regional disparities. Results: The research finds that cancer death rates have been growing at an average of 12% per year, contrasting with the population growth rate of 2.2%. This trend is more pronounced in the southern and southeastern regions of Brazil. A comparison of cancer mortality rates between Brazil, the USA, and China reveals that while the Brazilian and Chinese rates exhibit slower growth, the US rate shows a continuous decline since the 1990s. Conclusions: The study adopts a novel approach by focusing on growth rates and employing polynomial interpolation, revealing a deceleration in cancer death growth over the last 15 years across all malignant neoplasms. The study also contextualizes these findings within Brazil's cancer control policies, tracing the evolution of preventive measures and treatment advancements. It highlights the significant role of the National Cancer Institute and the Unified Health System in implementing effective strategies. The decreasing trend in cancer mortality rates in Brazil, despite population growth, illustrates the effectiveness of comprehensive cancer control and prevention measures, underlining their importance in public health policy.

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Chagas disease (CD), caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), is a neglected disease endemic to some Latin American countries, including Brazil. Soon after infection, individuals develop an acute phase, which in most cases is asymptomatic and may go undetected. However, when CD is detected early, notification in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), is mandatory. This study aimed to evaluate the information registered in the SINAN database and to determine the epidemiological profile of acute CD in Northeast Brazil, an endemic region, from 2001 to 2021. According to this survey, 1,444 cases of acute CD were reported in the Northeastern region of Brazil during this period. During the first six years, referred to as period 1, 90.24% of the notifications were registered, while the number of notifications significantly decreased in the subsequent years, referred to as period 2. Most individuals diagnosed with acute CD were Afro-Brazilian adults. All known routes of infection by the parasite were reported. Vector-borne transmission was predominant during period 1 (73.29%) and oral transmission during period 2 (58.87%). All nine states in Northeast Brazil reported cases in both periods. A higher incidence of disease was reported in Rio Grande do Norte (RN) during period 1, and in Maranhão (MA) during period 2. Our results show that CD remains a significant public health challenge.

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Introdução:A violência autoprovocada é um importante problema de saúde pública. Esse agravo produz impactos no campo da saúde do indivíduo, da família eda coletividade com desdobramentos sociais e econômicos. Objetivo:Analisar a mortalidade por violência autoprovocada em mulheres em idade fértil no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, entre os anos de 2012 e 2021. Metodologia:Trata-se de um estudo ecológico com abordagem quantitativa e utiliza-se como base o estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Os dados foram coletados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde, por meio das Informações em Saúde,nas seções de estatísticas vitais e população residente com a seleção sexo feminino e faixa etária de 10 a 49 anos.Resultados:Entre os anos de 2012 a 2021, no estado do Rio Grande do Norte,foram registrados 213 óbitos de mulheres em idade fértil por lesões autoprovocadas. Considerando o início e o final desse período, é possível destacar que a faixa etária de maior ocorrência de suicídio foi de 30 a 39 anos em 2012 e de 40 a 49 anos em 2021. Observou-se, nos anos avaliados, que as mulheres eram em sua maioria solteiras, de raça parda/preta e que a própria residência da vítima foi o local predominante para o desfecho da lesão autoprovocada. No que se refere à escolaridade e à relação do óbito com período de gravidez ou puerpério é preciso ressaltar o alto índice de "Não informada" e "Ignorada" nos registros.A taxa média de mortalidade por lesões autoprovocadas em mulheres em idade fértil entre 2012 e 2021 foi de 2,0 óbitos por cada 100.000 habitantes. Conclusões:Assim, conclui-se que o cenário da mortalidade por violência autoprovocada em mulheres em idade fértil no Rio Grande do Norte necessita de estratégias para prevenção do suicídio nessa faixa etária (AU).

Introduction: Self-inflicted injury is a major public health problem that impacts the health, social, and economic areas of individuals, their families, and society. Aim: To analyze mortality by self-inflicted injury in fertile women from the Rio Grande do Norte state between 2012 and 2021.Methodology: This ecologic and quantitative study collected vital statistics of women aged between 10 and 49 years. Data were obtained from the Health Information Systems of the Brazilian Health Informatics Department.Results: A total of 213 deaths of fertile women by self-inflicted injury were registered between 2012 and 2021. Considering the age groups, most deaths occurred between 30 and 39 years in 2012 and between 40 and 49 years in 2021. In addition, women were mostly single andwith brown or black skin color, and most of the self-inflicted injuries happened at their houses. Regarding education level and the relationship of death with pregnancy or postpartum, most registries presented a high incidence of "Not informed" or "Ignored" answers. Last, the mean mortality by self-inflicted injury in this population was 2.0 per 100,000 inhabitants between 2012 and 2021.Conclusions: Strategies must be implemented to reduce the mortality by self-inflicted injury of fertile women from the Rio Grande do Norte state (AU).

Introducción: La violencia autoinfligida es un importante problema de salud pública. Este problema tiene impactos en la salud del individuo, la familia y la comunidad con consecuencias sociales y económicas.Objetivo: Analizar la mortalidad por violencia autoinfligida en mujeres en edad fértil en el estado de Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, entre los años 2012 y 2021.Metodología: Se trata de un estudio ecológico con enfoque cuantitativo y utiliza como base el estado de Rio Grande do Norte. Los datos fueron recolectados del Departamento de Tecnologías de la Información del Sistema Único de Salud, a través de Información en Salud, en las secciones de estadísticas vitales y población residente con la selección del género femenino y rango de edad de 10 a 49 años. Resultados: Entre los años 2012 y 2021, en el estado de Rio Grande do Norte, se registraron 213 muertes de mujeres en edad fértil por lesiones autoinfligidas. Considerando el inicio y final de este periodo, es posible resaltar que el grupo etario con mayor incidencia de suicidio fue el de 30 a 39 años en 2012 y el de 40 a 49 años en 2021. Se observó, en los años evaluados, que las mujeres eran en su mayoría solteras, de raza mestiza/negra y la propia residencia de la víctima era el lugar predominante para la autolesión. En lo que respecta a la educación y la relación entre muerte y embarazo o puerperio, es necesario resaltar el alto índice de "No informados" e "Ignorados" en los registros. La tasa media de mortalidad por autolesiones en mujeres en edad fértil entre 2012 y 2021 fue de 2,0 muertes por 100.000 habitantes. Conclusiones: Así, se concluye que el escenario de mortalidad por violencia autoinfligida en mujeres en edad fértil en Rio Grande do Norte requiere estrategias para prevenir el suicidio en este rango de edad (AU).

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the health information system (HIS) of Mexico according to the information reported to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The ultimate goal is to identify the improvements that should be considered. METHOD: Health indicators published by the OECD (2017 to 2021) are analyzed according to 11 thematic groups. Coverage (quantity and type of indicators reported by thematic group) and quality of information were assessed, according to OECD guidelines. RESULTS: Mexico reported annually 14 of 378 indicators (3.7%), and discontinuously 204. In no group were all indicators reported annually, except for the two on COVID-19. Three out of 88 were reported annually on use of services; and none on health status, quality of care and pharmaceutical market. Twelve indicators (5.5% of those reported by Mexico, 3.2% of the full OECD set) had optimal quality and annual reporting. 57.7% of the reported indicators had at least one quality defect. CONCLUSIONS: Within the framework of the standards set by the OECD, of which Mexico is a member, the Mexican HIS presents significant deficits in coverage and quality of information. These results should be considered to implement improvement initiatives.

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Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is renowned for its nutritional and pharmaceutical attributes. A staple in South American (SA) culture, it serves as the foundation for several traditional beverages. Significantly, the pharmaceutical domain has secured numerous patents associated with this plant's distinctive properties. This research delves into the climatic influence on yerba mate by leveraging the CMIP6 model projections to assess potential shifts brought about by climate change. Given its economic and socio-cultural significance, comprehending how climate change might sway yerba mate's production and distribution is pivotal. The CMIP6 model offers insights into future conditions, pinpointing areas that are either conducive or adverse for yerba mate cultivation. Our findings will be instrumental in crafting adaptive and mitigative strategies, thereby directing sustainable production planning for yerba mate. The core objective of this study was to highlight zones optimal for Ilex paraguariensis cultivation across its major producers: Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, under CMIP6's climate change forecasts. Our investigation encompassed major producing zones spanning the North, Northeast, Midwest, Southeast, and South of Brazil, along with the aforementioned countries. A conducive environment for this crop's growth features air temperatures between 21 to 25 °C and a minimum precipitation of 1200 mm per cycle. We sourced the current climate data from the WorldClim version 2 platform. Meanwhile, projections for future climatic parameters were derived from WorldClim 2.1, utilizing the IPSL-CM6A-LR model with a refined 30-s spatial resolution. We took into account four distinct socio-economic pathways over varying timelines: 2021-2040, 2041-2060, 2061-2081, and 2081-2100. Geographic information system data aided in the spatial interpolation across Brazil, applying the Kriging technique. The outcomes revealed a majority of the examined areas as non-conducive for yerba mate cultivation, with a scanty 12.25% (1.5 million km2) deemed favorable. Predominantly, these propitious regions lie in southern Brazil and Uruguay, the present-day primary producers of yerba mate. Alarming was the discovery that forthcoming climatic scenarios predominantly forecast detrimental shifts, characterized by escalating average air temperatures and diminishing rainfall. These trends portend a decline in suitable cultivation regions for yerba mate.

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BACKGROUND: Interoperability between health information systems is a fundamental requirement to guarantee the continuity of health care for the population. The Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resource (FHIR) is the standard that enables the design and development of interoperable systems with broad adoption worldwide. However, FHIR training curriculums need an easily administered web-based self-learning platform with modules to create scenarios and questions that the learner answers. This paper proposes a system for teaching FHIR that automatically evaluates the answers, providing the learner with continuous feedback and progress. OBJECTIVE: We are designing and developing a learning management system for creating, applying, deploying, and automatically assessing FHIR web-based courses. METHODS: The system requirements for teaching FHIR were collected through interviews with experts involved in academic and professional FHIR activities (universities and health institutions). The interviews were semistructured, recording and documenting each meeting. In addition, we used an ad hoc instrument to register and analyze all the needs to elicit the requirements. Finally, the information obtained was triangulated with the available evidence. This analysis was carried out with Atlas-ti software. For design purposes, the requirements were divided into functional and nonfunctional. The functional requirements were (1) a test and question manager, (2) an application programming interface (API) to orchestrate components, (3) a test evaluator that automatically evaluates the responses, and (4) a client application for students. Security and usability are essential nonfunctional requirements to design functional and secure interfaces. The software development methodology was based on the traditional spiral model. The end users of the proposed system are (1) the system administrator for all technical aspects of the server, (2) the teacher designing the courses, and (3) the students interested in learning FHIR. RESULTS: The main result described in this work is Huemul, a learning management system for training on FHIR, which includes the following components: (1) Huemul Admin: a web application to create users, tests, and questions and define scores; (2) Huemul API: module for communication between different software components (FHIR server, client, and engine); (3) Huemul Engine: component for answers evaluation to identify differences and validate the content; and (4) Huemul Client: the web application for users to show the test and questions. Huemul was successfully implemented with 416 students associated with the 10 active courses on the platform. In addition, the teachers have created 60 tests and 695 questions. Overall, the 416 students who completed their courses rated Huemul highly. CONCLUSIONS: Huemul is the first platform that allows the creation of courses, tests, and questions that enable the automatic evaluation and feedback of FHIR operations. Huemul has been implemented in multiple FHIR teaching scenarios for health care professionals. Professionals trained on FHIR with Huemul are leading successful national and international initiatives.

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ABSTRACT This study aimed to reinforce the importance of the epidemiological surveillance of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Rio de Janeiro State (RJ). Here, we reviewed seven articles we published between 2018 and 2022. This study had two phases. The quantitative phase where frequency was used to describe patient characteristics and regressions were used to evaluate the relationship between treatment outcomes and covariates. The qualitative phase where content analysis of the narratives was performed. Secondary (electronic systems) and primary (semi-structured interviews) data were used. We analyzed 2,269 MDR-TB, 58.1% MDR-TB, and 18.6% extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) cases, of which 44.3% exhibited unfavorable outcomes. Among the 140 patients with XDR-TB, 29.3% had not undergone prior treatment for MDR-TB. The primary resistance rate in MDR-TB cases was 14.7%, revealing significant demographic and clinical disparities, particularly among women, Caucasians, and those with higher education levels. The number of cases increased from 7.69% in 2000 to 38.42% in 2018, showing an increasing trend (AAPC = 9.4; 95% CI 1.4−18.0, p < 0.001), with 25.4% underreporting. A qualitative study confirmed a high proportion of primary resistance (64.5%) and delayed diagnosis of MDR-TB. In RJ, the diagnostic and therapeutic cascade of MDR-TB must be improved using molecular tests to achieve an early diagnosis of resistance and immediate initiation of appropriate treatment, promote social protection for MDR/XDR-TB patients and their families, enhance TB contact tracing, establish and monitor hospital surveillance centers integrated with Primary Care, and unify various information systems through interoperability for better integration.

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Abstract Objectives: to analyze the trend and spatial distribution of hepatitis B in pregnant women in Brazil. Methods: ecological study based on all notified cases of hepatitis B in pregnant women through the Information System for Notifiable Diseases - Sinan between 2009 and 2018. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) detection rates were calculated in all municipalities. Spatial analysis was performed using the Global Moran Index for global data and local indicators of spatial association (Lisa) for the 5,570 municipalities. For trend analysis by State, the Prais-Winsten generalized linear regression model was used. Results: 15,253 pregnant women with HBV were reported. High detection rates were observed in the municipalities of São Miguel da Boa Vista-SC (68.96/1000 live births (LB)), Araguaiana-MT (68.18/1000 LB), Reserva do Cabaçal-MT (80, 00/1,000 LB), São Geraldo da Piedade-MG (75/1000 LB), Porto Mauá-RS (111, 11/1000 LB), in the respective bienniums. Moran (I) (I=0.056) showed a positive spatial association. In Lisa, 78 municipalities were included in the high-high cluster, 51.28% in the South region and 48 in the low-low cluster with 72.91% in the Southeast. There was an increasing trend in Maranhão (p=0.004) and Pernambuco (p=0.007) and a decrease in Mato Grosso (p=0.012), Paraná (p=0.031) and Santa Catarina (p=0.008). Conclusion: the detection of hepatitis B in pregnant women was observed in most Brazilian municipalities, with an increasing trend in two states and a decrease in three others.

Resumo Objetivos: analisar a tendência e distribuição espacial da hepatite B em gestantes no Brasil. Métodos: estudo ecológico a partir de todos os casos notificados de hepatite B em gestantes pelo Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação - Sinan entre 2009 e 2018. Foram calculadas as taxas de detecção do vírus da hepatite B (HBV) em todos os municípios. A análise espacial foi realizada por meio do Índice Global de Moran para os dados globais e os indicadores locais de associação espacial (Lisa) para os 5.570 municípios. Para análise de tendências por Estado, utilizou-se o modelo de regressão linear generalizada de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: foram notificadas 15.253 gestantes com HBV. Observou-se altas taxas de detecção nos municípios de São Miguel da Boa Vista-SC (68,96/1000 Nascidos vivos (NV)), Araguaiana-MT (68,18/1000 NV), Reserva do Cabaçal-MT(80,00/1.000 NV), São Geraldo da Piedade-MG (75/1000 NV), Porto Mauá-RS (111,11/1000 NV), nos respectivos biênios. Moran (I) (I=0,056) apresentou associação espacial positiva. No Lisa observou-se 78 municípios inserido no cluster alto-alto, sendo 51,28%na região Sul e 48 no cluster baixo-baixo com 72,91% no Sudeste. Verificou-se tendência crescente no Maranhão (p=0,004) e Pernambuco (p=0,007) e diminuição no Mato Grosso (p=0,012), Paraná (p=0,031) e Santa Catarina (p=0,008). Conclusão: Observou-se a detecção de hepatite B em gestantes na maioria dos municípios brasileiros, com tendência crescente em dois estados e diminuição em outros três.

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Abstract Objective: To analyze the temporal trend of completeness and consistency of data on notifications of violence against indigenous women in the health macro-region of Dourados, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, between 2009 and 2020. Methods: An ecological time series study was conducted using data from the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System; Prais-Winsten regression was used to analyze the trend of data completeness and consistency, as well as the proportion of completed and coherent fields. Results: A total of 2,630 cases were reported; completeness was found to be very poor in the variable "occupation" (48.9%) and poor in the variables "schooling" (68.3%) and "time of occurrence" (67.9%); in the analysis of temporal trends, only the variable "occupation" showed a decreasing trend (p = 0.045). Conclusion: The data analyzed demonstrated the need for improvement in the completeness of the variables "schooling", "occupation" and "time of occurrence" of the violent act.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la tendencia temporal en el grado de completitud y consistencia de los datos de notificación sobre violencia contra mujeres indígenas en la macrorregión sanitaria de Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, entre los años 2009-2020. Métodos: Estudio de series de tiempo ecológicas con datos del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria; se utilizó la regresión de Prais-Winsten para analizar la tendencia de completitud; para mantener la coherencia, se utilizó la proporción de campos completados y coherentes. Resultados: Se notificaron 2.630 casos; la exhaustividad fue muy pobre en la variable ocupación (48,9%) y pobre en las variables educación (68,3%) y tiempo de ocurrencia (67,9%); en el análisis de tendencia temporal, sólo la variable ocupación mostró una tendencia decreciente (p = 0,045). Conclusión: Los datos analizados demuestran la necesidad de mejorar la completitud de las variables educación, ocupación y tiempo de ocurrencia del acto violento.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal do grau de completitude e a consistência dos dados de notificação de violência contra as mulheres indígenas da macrorregião de saúde de Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, entre os anos de 2009 e 2020. Métodos: Estudo ecológico de série temporal, sobre dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação; utilizou-se a regressão de Prais-Winsten para analisar a tendência da completitude dos dados e sua consistência, a proporção de campos preenchidos e coerentes. Resultados: Foram notificados 2.630 casos; a completitude revelou-se muito ruim na variável "ocupação" (48,9%) e ruim nas variáveis "escolaridade" (68,3%) e "hora da ocorrência" (67,9%); na análise de tendência temporal, apenas a variável "ocupação" apresentou tendência de redução (p = 0,045). Conclusão: Os dados analisados demonstraram a necessidade de melhoria na completitude das variáveis "escolaridade", "ocupação" e "hora da ocorrência" do ato violento.

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Resumo Este artigo pretende analisar a morbimortalidade da Covid-19 no Brasil, segundo quesito raça/cor, problematizando o conceito de raça como estruturante para uma atenção equânime na pandemia. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória e reflexiva, com análise de 43 boletins epidemiológicos e 15 artigos selecionados a partir de uma revisão narrativa de literatura. Discutimos elementos concernentes à epidemiologia social crítica, interseccionalidade e necropolítica, ante as iniquidades em saúde. Os resultados apontam que numa sociedade interseccionalizada por racismo, sexismo e pobreza, o risco, a incidência e a mortalidade da doença são socialmente desiguais, haja vista a população negra, pobre e periférica, apresentar maiores índices epidemiológicos. Desvela-se um Estado com tecnologias necropolíticas governamentais, sendo a pandemia mais um modus de produzir a morte. Conclui-se evocando a insurgência de uma epidemiologia complexa da Covid-19, aliando políticas de saúde à proteção social e ao desenvolvimento econômico.

Abstract This article aims to analyze the morbimortality of COVID-19 in Brazil, according to race/color aspects, problematizing the concept of race as a structuring factor for equitable care in the pandemic. Exploratory and reflective research, with analysis of 43 epidemiological bulletins and 15 articles selected from a narrative literature review. We discuss elements concerning critical social epidemiology, intersectionality, and necropolitics, in the face of health inequities. The results indicate that in a society intersected by racism, sexism, and poverty, the risk, incidence, and mortality of the disease are socially unequal, given that the black, poor, and peripheral city population has higher epidemiological indices. A State with necropolitical technologies is revealed, with the pandemic being another modus to produce death. It concludes by evoking the insurgency of a complex epidemiology of COVID-19, combining health policies with social protection and economic development.

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O presente estudo descreve o panorama do Estado e Município do Rio de Janeiro relativo ao rastreamento para o câncer do colo do útero, os resultados de exames citopatológicos e o seguimento das mulheres registrados no Sistema de Informação do Câncer (SISCAN) no período de 2015 a 2022. O estudo ressalta a importância da atenção primária à saúde nas ações para o controle efetivo e a prevenção do câncer do colo do útero na população. A metodologia utiliza o levantamento do referencial teórico através da análise das produções bibliográficas encontradas na literatura para contextualização temática do estudo, a utilização de dados secundários e a obtenção dos achados disponibilizados no SISCAN com relação aos registros dos laudos de exames citopatológicos realizados pelas mulheres no período de análise do estudo. Como resultados, foi possível identificar falhas de registro, baixo número de exames e fragilidades para o gerenciamento do sistema de informação pela gestão estadual e municipal. Com os resultados preliminares, foi necessário analisar a produção de exames citopatológicos no Sistema de Informação ambulatorial (SIA) para subsidiar as discussões e hipóteses para o encontrado, como a baixa produção de exames citopatológicos e o sub-registro no SISCAN no Estado e Município do Rio de Janeiro. Considera-se que existe a necessidade urgente de uma reorganização dos serviços locais para implementar as ações do rastreamento para o câncer do colo do útero, incluindo a garantia do acesso para detecção precoce e o acompanhamento das mulheres encaminhadas a outros níveis de atenção da rede para confirmação diagnóstica, acompanhamento e tratamento. Ressalta-se a importância de assegurar a integralidade das ações para o controle efetivo do câncer do colo do útero em todo o Estado e Município do Rio de Janeiro. (AU)

The present case study describes an analysis of cytopathological exam reports registered in the Cancer Information System (SISCAN) from 2015 to 2022 in the Municipality and State of Rio de Janeiro. Above all, the study seeks to highlight the importance of primary health care in actions to control and prevent cervical cancer. The methodology used to develop the study consists of surveying the theoretical framework through the analysis of bibliographical productions found for the thematic contextualization of the study and the use of a secondary database and obtaining possible findings in SISCAN on the records of exam reports cytopathological. In this sense, it was possible to identify registration flaws, a low number of exams and weaknesses in the management of the information system by state and municipal management. In view of this, it was necessary to analyze the production of cytopathological exams in the outpatient Information System (SIA) to support discussions and hypotheses of the results found, such as the high incidence and mortality from cervical cancer, the low production of cytopathological exams and under-registration in SISCAN in the State and Municipality of Rio de Janeiro. Concluding, therefore, the urgent and imminent need for the organization of local services to implement organized screening actions for cervical cancer, including ensuring access to early detection and monitoring of women referred to other levels of care in the network for diagnostic confirmation and treatment. Therefore, ensure the completeness of cervical cancer control actions throughout the State and Municipality of Rio de Janeiro. (AU)

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Introdução:AsLesões por Esforços Repetitivos/Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho representam um problema de saúde que acomete várias categorias de trabalhadores e apresentam relação com a organização do trabalho, o ambiente do trabalho, condições ambientais e fatores biopsicossociais. Objetivo:descrever os casos notificados de Lesões por Esforços Repetitivos/Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalhona Região Nordeste do Brasil, no período de 2010 a 2019.Metodologia:estudo descritivo, ecológico, de abordagem quantitativa, com dados secundários do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificações. Utilizou-se o software Statistical Package for Social Science versão 20 para a análise estatística descritiva e o software Qgisversão 3.10.7para a análise espacial. Resultados:A amostra foi composta por 14.484 notificações. Evidenciou-se que os estados da Bahia (42,0%) e Pernambuco (21,9%) foram os maiores notificadores. Verificou-se que os municípios de Salvador (15,2%) e Recife (11,5%) tiveram maior ocorrência de casos.Observou-se que a distribuição espacial dos casos deste agravoentre os municípios é desigual e concentrada. Os trabalhadores mais acometidos foram mulheres(59,6%); comfaixa etária dos 21 aos 40 anos (50,8%);comraça/cor preto/pardo (58,3%); e comensino médio completo (42,0%). Houve predomínio daocupação de alimentador de linha de produção (4,8%), trabalho formal(74,6%), sintoma de dor (91,9%)e diagnóstico delesões do ombro (31,7%). A maioria dos trabalhadores relatou afastamento do trabalho para o tratamento(65,3%), limitação e incapacidade para o exercício das tarefas (82,9%), movimentos repetitivos (88,3%) e incapacidadetemporária (66,1%).Conclusões:O Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificaçõesrepresenta um importante instrumento para caracterizar a saúde do trabalhador, mas observa-se a necessidade de melhores registros para favorecer a qualidade dos dados. Estudos neste sentido são necessários para subsidiar mais ações de vigilância e prevenção deste agravo (AU).

Introduction: Repetitive Strain Injuries/Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders represent a health problem that affects several categories of workers and are related to work organization, work environment, environmental conditions and biopsychosocial factors. Objective: to describe the reported cases of Repetitive Strain Injuries/Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Northeast Region of Brazil (2010 ­2019).Methodology: descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, with secondary data from the Information System for Notifications of Diseases. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 20 was used for the descriptive statistical analysis and the Qgis software version 3.10.7 for the spatial analysis. Results:The sample consisted of 14,484 notifications. Brazilian states as Bahia 42,0% and Pernambuco 21.9% registered more notifications. Moreover, municipalitiesas Salvador 15,2% and Recife 11,5% registered more cases. It was observed that the spatial distribution of cases of this condition among municipalities is uneven and concentrated. The most affected workers were women (59.6%); aged between 21 and 40 years (50.8%), with black/brown race/color (58.3%) and with complete secondary education (42.0%). There was a predominance of the occupation of production line feeder (4.8%), formal work (74.6%), pain symptom (91.9%) anddiagnosis of shoulder injuries (31.7%). Most workers reported absence from work for treatment (65.3%), limitation and inability to perform tasks (82.9%), performing repetitive movements (88.3%) and temporary disability (66.1 %). Conclusions: System for Notifications of Diseases represents an important instrument to characterize the health of workers, but there is a need for better records to favor data quality. Studies in this sense are needed to support more surveillance and prevention actions for this condition (AU).

Introducción:Las Lesiones por Esfuerzos Repetitivos/Disturbios Osteomusculares Relacionados al Trabajo representan un problema de salud que atacan a varios trabajadores y están relacionados con:organización del trabajo, ambiente laboral, condiciones ambientales y factores biopsicosociales. Objetivo: describir los casos notificados de Lesiones por Esfuerzos Repetitivos/Disturbios Osteomusculares Relacionados al Trabajo en la Región Noreste de Brasil(2010 ­2019). Metodología: estudio descriptivo, ecológico,de abordaje cuantitativo, con datos secundarios del Sistema de Información de Agravios de Notificaciones. Se utilizó el software Statistical Package for Social Science v.20 para el análisis estadístico descriptivo y el software Qgis v.3.10.7 para el análisis espacial. Resultados: La muestra fue compuesta por 14.484 notificaciones. Los estados con más notificadores fueron Bahía, 42,0% yPernambuco 21.9%. Losmunicipios con más casos fueron Salvador 15,2% y Recife 11,5%.Se observó que la distribución espacial de los casos de este agravio entre los municipios es desigual y concentrada. Los trabajadores que más sufrieron fueron las mujeres(59,6%);rango de edad de 21 a 40 años (50,8%), raza/color negro/mestizo (58,3%) y escolaridad completa (42,0%). Se destacan la ocupación de alimentador de línea de producción (4,8%), trabajo formal (74,6%), síntomas del dolor (91,9%) y diagnóstico de lesiones en el hombro(31,7%). La mayoría de los trabajadores relató licencia médica por tratamiento (65,3%), limitación e incapacidad para el ejercicio de tareas (82,9%), realización de movimientos repetitivos (88,3%) e incapacidad temporal (66,1%). Conclusiones: el Sistema de Información de Agravios de Notificaciones representa un importante instrumento para caracterizar la salud del trabajador, sin embargo, se observa la necesidad de mejores registros para favorecer la calidad de los datos. Son necesarios estudios en este campo para subsidiar más acciones de vigilancia y prevención a esta problemática (AU).

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Governments around the globe are paving the way for healthcare services that can have a profound impact on the overall well-being and development of their nations. However, government programs to implement health information technologies on a large-scale are challenging, especially in developing countries. In this article, the process and outcomes of the large-scale implementation of a hospital information system for the management of Brazilian university hospitals are analyzed. Based on a qualitative approach, this research involved 21 hospitals and comprised a documentary search, interviews with 24 hospital managers and two system user focus groups, and a questionnaire of 736 respondents. Generally, we observed that aspects relating to the wider context of system implementation (macro level), the managerial structure, cultural nuances, and political dynamics within each hospital (meso level), as well as the technology, work activities, and individuals themselves (micro level) acted as facilitators and/or obstacles to the implementation process. The dynamics and complex interactions established between these aspects had repercussions on the process, including the extended time necessary to implement the national program and the somewhat mixed outcomes obtained by hospitals in the national network. Mostly positive, these outcomes were linked to the eight emerging dimensions of practices and work processes; planning, control, and decision making; transparency and accountability; optimization in the use of resources; productivity of professionals; patient information security; safety and quality of care; and improvement in teaching and research. We argued here that to maximize the potential of information technology in healthcare on a large-scale, an integrative and cooperative vision is required, along with a high capacity for change management, considering the different regional, local, and institutional contexts.

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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a complex and rare neurodegenerative disease given its heterogeneity. Despite being known for many years, few countries have accurate information about the characteristics of people diagnosed with ALS, such as data regarding diagnosis and clinical features of the disease. In Brazil, the lack of information about ALS limits data for the research progress and public policy development that benefits people affected by this health condition. In this context, this article aims to show a digital health solution development and application for research, intervention, and strengthening of the response to ALS in the Brazilian Health System. The proposed solution is composed of two platforms: the Brazilian National ALS Registry, responsible for the data collection in a structured way from ALS patients all over Brazil; and the Brazilian National ALS Observatory, responsible for processing the data collected in the National Registry and for providing a monitoring room with indicators on people diagnosed with ALS in Brazil. The development of this solution was supported by the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MoH) and was carried out by a multidisciplinary team with expertise in ALS. This solution represents a tool with great potential for strengthening public policies and stands out for being the only public database on the disease, besides containing innovations that allow data collection by health professionals and/or patients. By using both platforms, it is believed that it will be possible to understand the demographic and epidemiological data of ALS in Brazil, since the data will be able to be analyzed by care teams and also by public health managers, both in the individual and collective monitoring of people living with ALS in Brazil.

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Aborda a tipologia documental em sistemas de informação digitais, compreendendo-a como metadado essencial na estrutura de transferência da informação entre serviços, sistemas e redes de atenção e inovação à saúde. Por meio de pesquisa de campo com gestores de dois hospitais federais do Rio de Janeiro, realiza prospecção e análise da gestão de sistemas de informação digitais em saúde. Os resultados revelaram que o emprego do conceito de Regime de Informação e de seus componentes analíticos permite-nos obter uma visão dos recursos informacionais, tecnológicos, humanos e normativos do sistema nacional de saúde, que integram o Sistema Único de Saúde. Destaca a tipologia documental como um dos elementos constituintes dos sistemas de informação nos serviços dos hospitais, cujas interconexões e articulações expressam os aspectos seletivos e decisórios das práticas e ações de informação

It addresses the document typology in digital information systems, understanding it as essential metadata in the structure of information transfer between attention and innovation health services, systems and networks. Through field research with managers of two federal hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, it prospects and analyzes the management of digital health information systems. The results revealed that the use of the concept of Information System and of its analytical components allows us to obtain a vision of the informational, technological, human and normative resources of the national health system, which are part of the Unified Health System. It highlights the documentary typology as one of the constituent elements of information systems in hospital services, whose interconnections and articulations express the selective and decision-making aspects of information practices and actions

Aborda como objeto la tipología documental en los sistemas de información digital, entendiéndola como un metadato esencial en la estructura de transferencia de información entre servicios, sistemas y redes de atención e innovación en salud. A través de una investigación de campo con gerentes de dos hospitales federales de Río de Janeiro, prospecta y analiza la gestión de los sistemas digitales de información en salud. Los resultados revelaran que la utilización del concepto de Régimen de Información y de sus componen-tes analíticos permítenos obtener una visión de los recursos informacionales, tecnológicos, humanos y normativos del sistema nacional de salud, que integram el Sistema Único de Salud. Destaca la tipología documental como uno de los elementos constitutivos de los sistemas de información cuyas interconexiones y articulaciones expresan los aspectos selectivos y decisorios de las prácticas y acciones informativas reali-zadas en este dominio

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Objetivo: Realizar un análisis geoespacial del comportamiENTo de sobrepeso y obesidad basado en la "Encuesta Nacional de Situación Nutricional" de 2015. Metodología: Se aplica un modelo de análisis geoespacial de distribución espacial trasversal a partir de la Encuesta, a escala departamENTal. Para lograrlo, se calculan las prevalencias de sobrepeso, obesidad clase i, ii y iii según el índice de masa corporal y la obesidad abdominal en mujeres y hombres de acuerdo con la circunferencia de cintura. Se utilizan herramiENTas de sistemas de información geográfica, como el índice de Moran Global, el índice local de autocorrelación espacial (lisa) y el G* Getis Ord, para determinar los patrones de agrupaciones altas y bajas prevalencias. Resultados: Los conglomerados locales ilustrados en los mapas demuestran que sus residuales están distribuidos normalmENTe en el espacio. Se observa una aleatoriedad en el modelo de la autocorrelación espacial. Las agrupaciones de lisa alta-alta se presENTan en diez departamENTos con estas condiciones (La Guajira, Magdalena, Atlántico, Sucre, Cesar, Norte de Santander, Córdoba, Antioquia, Chocó y Cundinamarca). Según el índice de masa corporal, el 38,5 por cada 100 habitantes tienen sobrepeso; el 20,9 por cada 100 habitantes presENTa obesidad, y según la circunferencia de cintura, 53,2 por cada 100 habitantes tiene obesidad abdominal. Conclusiones: La distribución espacial del sobrepeso y la obesidad puede estar condicionada con variables sociodemográficas tratadas en el estudio. El país tiene el reto de continuar implemENTando acciones poblacionales en salud pública para disminuir estas condiciones.

Objective: To carry out a geospatial analysis of the behavior of overweight and obesity based on the "National Survey of Nutritional Situation" of 2015. Methodology: A geospatial analysis model of transversal spatial distribution is applied from the Survey, on a departmENTal scale. To achieve this, the prevalence of overweight, class I, II and III obesity according to body mass index and abdominal obesity in women and men according to waist circumference are calculated. Geographic information system tools, such as the Global Moran Index, Local Spatial Autocorrelation Index (LISA), and G* Getis Ord, are used to determine patterns of high clustering and low prevalence. Results: The local clusters illustrated on the maps demonstrate that their residuals are normally distributed in space. A randomness is observed in the spatial autocorrelation model. High-high LISA clusters occur in ten departmENTs with these conditions (La Guajira, Magdalena, Atlántico, Sucre, Cesar, Norte de Santander, Córdoba, Antioquia, Chocó and Cundinamarca). According to the body mass index, 38.5 per 100 inhabitants are overweight; 20.9 per 100 inhabitants are obese, and according to waist circumference, 53.2 per 100 inhabitants have abdominal obesity. Conclusions: The spatial distribution of overweight and obesity may be conditioned by the sociodemographic variables treated in the study. The country has the challenge of continuing to implemENT population actions in public health to reduce these conditions.

Objetivo: Realizar uma análise geoespacial do comportamENTo do sobrepeso e da obesidade com base na "Pesquisa Nacional de Situação Nutricional" de 2015. Metodologia: Aplica-se um modelo de análise geoespacial de distribuição espacial transversal da Pesquisa, em escala departamENTal. Para isso, calcula-se a prevalência de sobrepeso, obesidade graus I, II e III segundo o índice de massa corporal e obesidade abdominal em mulheres e homens segundo a circunferência da cintura. As ferramENTas do sistema de informações geográficas, como o Índice de Moran Global, o Índice de Autocorrelação Espacial Local (Smooth) e o G* Getis Ord, são usadas para determinar padrões de alto agrupamENTo e baixa prevalência. Resultados: Os clusters locais ilustrados nos mapas demonstram que seus resíduos são normalmENTe distribuídos no espaço. Uma aleatoriedade é observada no modelo de autocorrelação espacial. Grupos de tainhas alto-alto ocorrem em dez departamENTos com essas condições (La Guajira, Magdalena, Atlântico, Sucre, Cesar, Norte de Santander, Córdoba, Antioquia, Chocó e Cundinamarca). De acordo com o índice de massa corporal, 38,5 por 100 habitantes estão acima do peso; 20,9 por 100 habitantes são obesos e, segundo a circunferência da cintura, 53,2 por 100 habitantes têm obesidade abdominal. Conclusões: A distribuição espacial do sobrepeso e da obesidade pode estar condicionada pelas variáveis sociodemográficas tratadas no estudo. O país tem o desafio de continuar implemENTando ações populacionais em saúde pública para reduzir esses agravos.

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Access to advanced and sophisticated health technologies made it possible to increase the survival of children with complex chronic conditions. Thus, the profile of pediatric patients admitted to hospitals has changed in recent decades. In Brazil, there are few epidemiological studies on this subject. This study aims to evaluate the main characteristics and temporal trend of hospital admissions of children and adolescents with complex chronic conditions in Brazil, 2009-2020. This is a cross-sectional study with data on hospitalizations of children and adolescents with complex chronic conditions, extracted from the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System, 2009-2020, in the 26 Brazilian states and the Federal District. The analysis included descriptive statistics and a generalized linear model. From 2009 to 2020, there were 1,337,120 hospitalizations of children and adolescents with complex chronic conditions, and of these, 735,820 (55.0%) were male. The percentage of hospital deaths during the analyzed period was 4.0%. The most recurrent diagnostic category was malignancy (41.0%), with an annual incidence increase of 2.61 (95% CI: 1.16-4.05). Between 2009 and 2019, the increase in hospitalizations for complex chronic conditions was 27.4% for boys and 25.2% for girls, and the reductions in the number of hospitalizations for other causes were 15.4% and 11.9% for boys and girls, respectively.  Conclusions: Hospitalizations for complex chronic conditions in pediatrics are increasing in Brazil. This increase is a new challenge for the Brazilian public health system. What is Known: • The profile of pediatric patients admitted to hospitals has changed in recent decades, with a reduction in the total number of hospitalizations, but with an increase in the complexity and costs of these hospitalizations. • The world's scientific production on CCC is concentrated in the United States health care system. Epidemiological studies on the topic in universal health care systems are scarce. What is New: • This is the first study that evaluated the temporal trend of hospitalizations of children and adolescents with CCC in Brazil. • Hospitalizations for CCC in pediatrics are increasing in Brazil, with emphasis on the condition of malignancy, higher incidence in males and in children under one year of age. Furthermore, our study found a decrease in hospitalizations for other pediatric causes.

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The state of Rio Grande do Norte, located in the Northeast region of Brazil, has areas of granites and pegmatites with minerals that have varying concentrations of uranium. Consequently, high concentrations of radon gas, a carcinogenic substance for humans, can occur. The present study aimed to assess the occurrence of cancer and its association with exposure to sources of natural radioactivity using geological and geophysical information in the aforementioned state. The spatial dependence of pulmonary, breast, stomach, leukemia, and skin cancer cases with the location of radioisotope sources were analyzed using geoprocessing tools. The geoprocessing analysis showed a differential pattern of uranium emission throughout the state, with the highest emission from areas with pegmatites outcrops. A spatial dependency of cancer cases was shown (Moran index: 0.43; p < 0.01). Moreover, a higher rate of natural radioactivity-cancer cases was associated with the high-intensity natural radioactivity areas: odds ratio:1.21 (95% CI 1.20; 1.23), following the same pattern when separately compared the different related types of cancer. These results highlight the importance of natural radioactivity as a public health problem in the Brazilian environmental scenario, confirming the need for further studies as the first toward understanding and implementing health management strategies mitigating the exposures, especially in areas of environmental risk.

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