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The extent to which group therapy benefits individuals who have experienced couple infidelity remains unexamined. In this study, a brief group intervention for individuals who experienced couple infidelity was designed, and the feasibility of the intervention was evaluated (i.e., acceptability; implementation; measurements' performance and, limited-efficacy testing). The final sample was composed of 20 women and 4 men (M = 29.95 years, SD = 12.3). Twenty-four completed pre and post assessments and 20 of these completed the follow-up assessment. At pre, post, and follow-up, participants responded to a questionnaire packet that included measures of depression, anxiety and PTSD symptoms, relationship self-efficacy, centrality of event, cognitive fusion, and decision to forgive. Also, follow-up interviews were conducted. The closed group intervention consisted of eight 90-min weekly sessions. The group therapy process component was based on solution-focused therapy. Psychoeducation component included mindfulness, reflection on personal values, factors that contribute to infidelity, and forgiveness. Session rating scores indicated an overall high acceptance of the intervention, its contents, and goals. Interview reports showed that dealing with thoughts and emotions, understanding infidelity, and forgiveness were the most helpful contents. Group support and processes were also positively valued. Repeated-measures MANOVA results indicated statistically significant decrease in symptoms, cognitive fusion, and importance of the event, as well as an increase in self-efficacy. Measurement instruments showed adequate reliability. These results indicate that a group treatment may be an alternative format to help individuals deal with psychological consequences of couple infidelity, when couple therapy is not possible.

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Male romantic jealousy is a commonly cited driver of intimate partner violence against women. An in-depth, contextualised understanding of the pathways and mechanisms from jealousy to intimate partner violence is, however, needed to inform programmes and interventions. We triangulated data from 48 interviews, eight focus groups and 1216 survey findings from low-income married women and men in northern Ecuador. Male jealousy was associated with controlling behaviours (aOR: 14.47, 95% CI: 9.47, 22.12) and sexual intimate partner violence (aOR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.12, 5.12). Controlling behaviours were associated with physical and sexual intimate partner violence (aOR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.21, 3.84). Qualitatively we found that most respondents framed jealousy within a discourse of love, and three triggers of male jealousy leading to intimate partner violence were identified: (1) community gossip, which acted as a mechanism of community control over women's movements and sexuality; (2) women joining the labour force, which was quantitatively associated with intimate partner violence and partially mediated by jealousy; and (3) women's refusal to have sex, which could lead husbands to coerce sex through accusations of infidelity. Gender-transformative interventions at the individual, couple and community level providing models of alternative masculinities and femininities may offer promise in reducing intimate partner violence in Ecuador. Importantly, future economic empowerment interventions should address jealousy to mitigate potential intimate partner violence backlash.

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This study aimed to analyze the conceptions and representations of young university students of both sexes, belonging to the middle classes and of different sexual orientations, regarding their affective-sexual relationships. Twenty-four young people, students from a public university, participated in this study, whose ages ranged from 18 to 30 years, 13 men and 11 women. The data collection consisted of the application of socioeconomic questionnaires and the realization of five audio-recorded sessions of the focus group. The material was organized according to the Thematic Analysis, from which the following categories emerged: close relationship and open relationship. For most participants, representations about close and open relationships proved to be plural and flexible, as agreed by the couple. Affective-sexual relationships would not only be under the aegis of institutionalized rites (dating, engagement, marriage), but would be built gradually according to satisfactory agreements

Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar as concepções e representações de jovens universitários de ambos os sexos, pertencentes às classes médias e de diferentes orientações sexuais, a respeito de suas relações afetivo-sexuais. Participaram 24 jovens, estudantes de universidade pública, cujas idades variaram de 18 a 30 anos, sendo 13 homens e 11 mulheres. A coleta de dados consistiu na aplicação de questionários socioeconômicos e na realização de cinco sessões áudio-gravadas de grupo focal. O material foi organizado conforme a Análise Temática da qual emergiram as seguintes categorias: relacionamento fechado e relacionamento aberto. Para a maioria dos participantes, as representações sobre relacionamento fechado e aberto revelaram-se plurais e flexíveis conforme acordado pela dupla/casal. Os relacionamentos afetivo-sexuais não estariam apenas sob a égide de ritos institucionalizados (namoro, noivado, casamento), mas seriam construídos paulatinamente conforme acordos satisfatórios

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las concepciones y representaciones de jóvenes universitarios de ambos sexos, pertenecientes a las clases medias y de diferentes orientaciones sexuales, en cuanto a sus relaciones afectivo-sexuales. Participaron 24 jóvenes, estudiantes de una universidad pú-blica, cuyas edades variaban de 18 a 30 años, siendo 13 hombres y 11 mujeres. La recogida de datos consistió en la aplicación de cuestionarios socioeconómi- cos y la realización de cinco sesiones de focus groupgrabadas en audio. El material se organizó según el Análisis Temático del cual surgieron las siguientes categorías: relación cerrada y relación abierta. Para la mayoría de los participantes, las representaciones sobre las relaciones cerradas y abiertas resultaron ser plurales y flexibles según lo acordado por la pareja. Las relaciones afectivo-sexuales no sólo estarían bajo la égida de ritos institucionalizados (relación, noviazgo, matrimonio), sino que se construirían gradualmente según acuerdos satisfactorios

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Introduction: Infidelity is a breach of trust or a crossing of the boundaries of the primary relationship and it influences intimate relationships. It can be categorised as either sexual or emotional infidelity. In Portugal, there have been few studies on this subject using suitable instruments. Objective: This study aimed to analyse the factor structure, psychometric properties, and gender invariance of the Infidelity Scale (IS) in Portuguese adults. Method: The sample comprised 660 Portuguese adults (455 women and 205 men) between 18 and 79 years of age who had been unfaithful in their relationships. Results: The confirmatory analysis showed a structure with two factors (sexual and emotional infidelity), and good values for convergent and discriminant validity were found. The results displayed a satisfactory model fit and the non-invariance of the factor structure between women and men. Conclusion: This is the first Portuguese version of the IS, an instrument for the study of intimate relationships which contributes to the development of multicultural research.

Introducción: La infidelidad es una ruptura de la confianza que influye en las relaciones íntimas. Se puede dividir en infidelidad sexual o emocional. En Portugal, hay pocos estudios sobre este tema con medidas adecuadas. Objetivo: Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la estructura factorial, las propiedades psicométricas y la invariancia de género de la Escala de Infidelidad (IS) entre adultos portugueses. Método: Se aplicó el protocolo de investigación a 660 adultos portugueses (455 mujeres y 205 hombres) de entre 18 y 79 años que fueron infieles en sus relaciones. Resultados: El análisis confirmatorio mostró una estructura con dos factores (infidelidad física y emocional), y se encontraron buenos valores de validez convergente y discriminante. Los resultados mostraron un ajuste satisfactorio del modelo y la no invariabilidad de la estructura factorial entre mujeres y hombres. Conclusión: Esta es la primera versión en portugués de la IS, como medida que permite estudiar las relaciones íntimas, contribuyendo para el desarrollo de la investigación multicultural.

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Jealousy is an affective state activated by a perceived threat to a valued relationship by a third party. On average, males report higher distress about their partner's sexual extra-pair involvement, while females show higher emotional jealousy. These sex differences are specific to heterosexuals and to contexts with potential reproductive costs. We tested the effect of sex and sexual orientation of the individual, and sex of the partner and potential rival on sexual versus emotional jealousy. Sexual orientation was operationalized as a willingness to form long-term relationships with men, women, or both. Heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual males (N = 416) and females (N = 1328) from Brazil, Chile, and Portugal responded to the Sexual vs. Emotional Jealousy Scale and then ranked their distress to four hypothetical scenarios: sexual or emotional involvement of their partner with a male or a female rival. This is the first study to simultaneously test for an effect of self, partner, and rival sex on jealousy: bisexual individuals responded twice, about a hypothetical female and about a male partner. Individuals were most preoccupied with their partner's emotional relationship with a rival of the same sex as the respondent. Heterosexual males reported higher sexual jealousy than the other groups, but did not differ from bisexual men responding about female partners. Bisexual females were more upset by sexual extra-pair involvement of their female (versus male) partners with a male rival. Thus, jealousy was influenced by sex and sexual orientation of the individuals, sex of the partners, and also by sex of the rivals: same-sex rivals were perceived as most threatening. This suggests that besides being a strategy to maintain a primary relationship, jealousy is particularly sensitive to same-sex competitors, being an intra-sexual competition strategy.

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The Perceptions of Dating Infidelity Scale (PDIS) assesses how people perceive infidelity through specific behaviors. Originally developed by Wilson et al. (2011), it contains 12 items distributed into three factors: (1) ambiguous, (2) deceptive, and (3) explicit behaviors. In the present research, translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the PDIS in Brazilian Portuguese were performed. First, qualitative analyses took place: translation, translation synthesis, content validation, pre-test, and reverse translation. Then, quantitative analyses were conducted: psychometric parameter tests with confirmatory factor analysis and reliability. A total of 252 participants were recruited, 160 of whom were female (63.5%). The results indicated consistent PDIS adequacy (conceptual and idiomatic equivalences); satisfactory content validity coefficients regarding language clarity, practical pertinence, and theoretical relevance; and an almost perfect level of consensus regarding the theoretical dimension. The application of the pre-test was proven to be a good parameter for estimating the comprehension of the instrument in the culture for which it was intended. Confirmatory factor analysis showed good indices of adjustment quality of the tested trifactorial model (three factors being identified with ambiguous, deceptive, and explicit behaviors). Therefore, the structure indicated in the original version was corroborated and the instrument's reliability confirmed. The Brazilian Portuguese PDIS is a useful tool for evaluating infidelity perceptions in the Brazilian culture.

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Although there is a large body of research addressing infidelity, no study, to our knowledge, has specifically addressed infidelity in doctors and nurses and the correlation with work hours, schedule and other variables. This research aimed to know the incidence of and factors related to infidelity among doctors and nurses. A descriptive study was carried out, studying the association of certain variables. In total, 367 volunteer participants completed an online survey. Of them, 21% either have or have had an unfaithful relationship. The majority (81.7%) were doctors. Men were 4.3 times more unfaithful than women, with these differences being statistically significant (OR = 4.37, p < 0.001). Of the participants involved in an unfaithful relationship within the work area, the majority were men. Likewise, those who reported having had sex in the doctor's room on duty were also men, with these differences being statistically significant (OR = 12.81, p < 0.01). The night emergency schedule was 60% more frequent in unfaithful people, and these differences were statistically significant (OR = 12.43, p < 0.01). There is a significant rate of infidelity in doctors and nurses. Men are more likely to be unfaithful than women are, and people who work nighttime emergencies are more likely to be unfaithful.

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A maioria dos contratos de união, embora ocorram exceções, pressupõem um compromisso de fidelidade e de confiança. O impacto que a quebra deste contrato ocasiona na relação é tal, que, frequentemente, resulta na separação do casal. Até recentemente, o comportamento infiel era interpretado sob o viés da moralidade. Como resultado de um novo olhar sobre o tema, tem sido constatado um redirecionamento no processo terapêutico. O foco atual é centrado na busca de uma melhor compreensão, tanto do funcionamento individual, como do padrão de interação do casal, além dos fatores envolvidos no comportamento de infidelidade. Assim, busca-se auxiliar aos parceiros a identificar as mudanças que consideram necessárias para que permanecessem juntos, se assim o desejarem. Tem-se observado em casais sujeitos à tal situação, uma busca crescente por terapia, com o desejo de avaliar a possibilidade de reconstrução da relação. Nesse sentido, a experiência clínica tem mostrado que, após um período variável de instabilidade e sofrimento, mudanças positivas na qualidade da relação poderão advir. Entretanto, isso nem sempre ocorre, já que envolve um conjunto de fatores, entre os quais: um melhor entendimento da motivação que levou ao comportamento de infidelidade e dos aspectos a estes associados; a capacidade, de cada um dos cônjuges, de tolerar frustração; bem como o desejo sincero de cada um, de tentar dar uma nova chance ao relacionamento. É mencionada, ainda, a importância da neurociência no processo terapêutico.

The majority of couples, although exceptions may occur, include the pursuing of fidelity and trust in their particular contract, being its rupture a serious problem in relationships, that often leads to a marriage termination. Until recently, this behaviour was interpreted under a morality perspective, that was recently modified. Nowadays, the therapeutic process is focused both on a better understanding of the individual functioning and on the pattern of the couple interaction. Also, it is important to understand what has happened, in addition to the identification of changes that each one feels needed to make possible the continuity of the relationship. Under this new perspective, a growing search for help by couples has been noticed, where both partners admit the possibility of rebuilding their relationship. In this direction, the clinic experiences have been showing that, after a period of instability and suffering, positive changes in the quality of the relationship may occur. But, this is not what always happens, as a successful reestablishment of a marital relationship requires the presence of some fundamental factors, such as: the understanding of what has led to the infidelity and of some factors envolved in the unfaithful behaviour; the couple's ability in tolerating frustration; as well as the genuine desire of both partners, to try to give a chance to the relationship. The importance of neuroscience in the therapeutic process is also referred to.

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Resumen El objetivo de la presente investigación fue diseñar y analizar las propiedades psicométricas del CECLA, un instrumento para evaluar celos. La prueba se realizó con base en las respuestas de las entrevistas aplicadas a una muestra clínica, que coincidieron con los planteamientos teóricos desde una perspectiva patológica. Para esto, se realizó una investigación de tipo instrumental en la que se contó con una muestra de 1218 personas que contestaron la prueba, de las cuales ocho conformaron la muestra clínica, 408 participaron en la prueba piloto, y 802 en la prueba final. Los participantes fueron hombres y mujeres con edades entre los 18 y los 71 años, de diferente estado civil, orientación sexual, nivel socioeconómico, educativo, ocupación y región de Colombia. Para la validación de contenido participaron doce expertos, ocho psicólogos clínicos y cuatro metodólogos. En definitiva, el instrumento quedó conformado por 19 ítems que evalúan tres clases de celos: pasionales, obsesivos y delirantes. La consistencia interna, la evidencia de validez mediante análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, la estabilidad temporal, la validez convergente, el ajuste de los ítems al modelo de Rasch y la equivalencia de estos indicadores bajo los dos modelos analizados indican que el CECLA es un instrumento válido, fiable y útil para el objetivo y contexto para el cual fue elaborado.

Abstract The objective of this research was to design and analyze the psychometric properties of CECLA, an instrument to evaluate jealousy. The test was carried out based on the answers to the interviews applied to a clinical sample, which coincided with the theoretical approaches from a pathological perspective. For this purpose, an instrumental research was carried out in which a sample of 1218 people answered the test, of which eight made up the clinical sample, 408 participated in the pilot test, and 802 in the final test. The participants were men and women between the ages of 18 and 71, of different marital status, sexual orientation, socioeconomic and educational level, occupation and region of Colombia. Twelve experts, eight clinical psychologists and four methodologists participated in the validation of the content. In short, the instrument was made up of 19 items that evaluate three kinds of jealousy: passionate, obsessive and delusional. Internal consistency, evidence of validity using exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis, temporal stability, convergent validity, items adjustment to Rasch's model and equivalence of these indicators under the two models analyzed indicate that CECLA is a valid, reliable and useful instrument for the objective and context for which it was elaborated.

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In the last decade, studies in bird breeding biology have shown that infidelity is prevalent in socially monogamous species. Here, we describe an extra-pair copulation (EPC) event in the Rufous Hornero (Furnarius rufus), a socially monogamous bird with year-round territoriality and low levels of extra-pair paternity. Before the EPC, a within-pair copulation (WPC) occurred inside the pairs territory. The WPC occurred on the ground and between a banded male (ca. 6 years-old) and an unbanded female. Ten minutes later this breeding pair invaded a neighboring territory, presumably to forage. The territorial male was chased back to its territory by an unbanded male neighbor after being detected. The male neighbor was paired with an unbanded female that did not participate in the aggressive interaction. When flying back to its territory the male neighbor copulated with the territorial female on the ground (ie. EPC). The territorial male flew, vocalized, and perched above the male neighbor, interrupting the EPC. The aggressive interaction then ceased as each pair resumed foraging in their respective territories. These observations suggest that Rufous Horneros can use EPC to obtain immediate benefits (food access in a neighbors territory). Moreover, WPC may be detected by neighbors and physical mate guarding and/or frequent WPC may be necessary to prevent EPC in the Rufous Hornero.(AU)

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Abstract In the last decade, studies in bird breeding biology have shown that infidelity is prevalent in socially monogamous species. Here, we describe an extra-pair copulation (EPC) event in the Rufous Hornero (Furnarius rufus), a socially monogamous bird with year-round territoriality and low levels of extra-pair paternity. Before the EPC, a within-pair copulation (WPC) occurred inside the pairs territory. The WPC occurred on the ground and between a banded male (ca. 6 years-old) and an unbanded female. Ten minutes later this breeding pair invaded a neighboring territory, presumably to forage. The territorial male was chased back to its territory by an unbanded male neighbor after being detected. The male neighbor was paired with an unbanded female that did not participate in the aggressive interaction. When flying back to its territory the male neighbor copulated with the territorial female on the ground (ie. EPC). The territorial male flew, vocalized, and perched above the male neighbor, interrupting the EPC. The aggressive interaction then ceased as each pair resumed foraging in their respective territories. These observations suggest that Rufous Horneros can use EPC to obtain immediate benefits (food access in a neighbors territory). Moreover, WPC may be detected by neighbors and physical mate guarding and/or frequent WPC may be necessary to prevent EPC in the Rufous Hornero.

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Abstract In the last decade, studies in bird breeding biology have shown that infidelity is prevalent in socially monogamous species. Here, we describe an extra-pair copulation (EPC) event in the Rufous Hornero (Furnarius rufus), a socially monogamous bird with year-round territoriality and low levels of extra-pair paternity. Before the EPC, a within-pair copulation (WPC) occurred inside the pair's territory. The WPC occurred on the ground and between a banded male (ca. 6 years-old) and an unbanded female. Ten minutes later this breeding pair invaded a neighboring territory, presumably to forage. The territorial male was chased back to its territory by an unbanded male neighbor after being detected. The male neighbor was paired with an unbanded female that did not participate in the aggressive interaction. When flying back to its territory the male neighbor copulated with the territorial female on the ground (ie. EPC). The territorial male flew, vocalized, and perched above the male neighbor, interrupting the EPC. The aggressive interaction then ceased as each pair resumed foraging in their respective territories. These observations suggest that Rufous Horneros can use EPC to obtain immediate benefits (food access in a neighbor's territory). Moreover, WPC may be detected by neighbors and physical mate guarding and/or frequent WPC may be necessary to prevent EPC in the Rufous Hornero.

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Resumen Objetivo: El presente estudio de tipo instrumental tuvo como objetivo diseñar y validar una escala cuya finalidad es evaluar la percepción de las personas frente a las cuatro dimensiones de la infidelidad-sexual, emocional, cognitiva y virtual-, a través de dos subdimensiones de la cognición -motivos y consecuencias- Método: Para ello se realizó una tabla de especificaciones y se construyeron los ítems, los cuales fueron sometidos a validación por jueces. Se realizó el ajuste a la escala y esta fue aplicada a una muestra voluntaria de 301 participantes con edades entre los 18 y 70 años ( = 29.84; DE = 14.07), y que además contaran con habilidades cognitivas básicas de comprensión lectora. Resultados: Tras realizar el análisis factorial exploratorio, se encontraron siete factores que explican el 48,64 % de la varianza total acumulada, y el índice de extracción permitió la conservación de todos los ítems, modelo factorial confirmado, con adecuados niveles de bondad de ajuste (CFI = .910; RMSEA = .049). Además de ello, con el Alfa de Cronbach general de .84 se evidenció una alta confiabilidad de la escala y con un coeficiente de dos mitades de Guttman de .87 se encontró una fuerte relación entre dos mitades. Conclusión: la Escala de Evaluación Cognitiva de Infidelidad es un instrumento pionero que permite evaluar con criterios de validez y confiabilidad el fenómeno de la infidelidad.

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this instrumental study was to design and validate a scale that assesses people's perception regarding the four infidelity dimensions-sexual, emotional, cognitive, and virtual- through two cognition sub-dimensions: reasons and consequences. Method: To do this, a specifications table was made, and the items were built, which were subjected to judges' validation. The scale was adjusted and implemented for a voluntary sample of 301 participants, aged 18-70 ( = 29.84, DE = 14.07), who had basic reading comprehension cognitive skills. Results: After the exploratory factor analysis, seven factors were found that explained 48.64% of the total cumulative variance, and the extraction rate allowed all items to remain and confirmed factorial model, with adequate goodness of fit levels of adjustment (CFI = 0.910, RMSEA = 0.049). In addition, the general Cronbach Alpha of 0.84 showed a high reliability of the scale, and with a coefficient of two Guttman halves of .87, a strong relationship was found between the two halves. Conclusion: The Cognitive Infidelity Assessment Scale is a pioneering tool that allows the evaluation of the infidelity phenomenon with valid and reliable criteria.

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A infidelidade amorosa é um fenômeno presente no cotidiano de muitos casais e apontada como um dos principais motivos para a busca por terapia de casais e para o divórcio. Com o advento da internet, a infidelidade no ambiente virtual se torna um fenômeno contemporâneo que merece investigação. Diante dessa realidade, o presente estudo buscou, por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura nacional e internacional, identificar o que o saber científico apresenta acerca da infidelidade virtual e suas implicações para a vida amorosa. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura nos indexadores Bireme, Pubmed, PsycINFO e Bvspsi a partir do descritor 'internet infidelity' e seu correspondente em português "infidelidade virtual". A literatura científica apresenta três grandes eixos investigativos: (1) percepção popular acerca da infidelidade virtual; (2) percepção de profissionais e propostas psicoterapêuticas; e (3) o que leva à infidelidade virtual.

Loving infidelity is an unexceptional phenomenon in the daily life of couples and pointed as the main reason to seek psychotherapy and divorce. With the advent of the internet, infidelity virtual becomes a contemporary phenomenon worth investigating. Given such reality the present study- through an integrative review of national and international literature - sought to identify what the scientific literature says about virtual infidelity and its implications for love life. A literature review was carried out in the Bireme, Pubmed, PsycINFO and Bvspsi indexers with the following keywords: "internet infidelity" and its Portuguese correspondent "infidelidade virtual". Three major investigative axes: (1) popular perception of virtual infidelity; (2) professionals' perception and psychotherapeutic proposals; and (3) what leads to virtual infidelity were identified in the literature reviewed.

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Resumen La infidelidad marital es relativamente frecuente a pesar de sus consecuencias. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo desarrollar un modelo predictivo de la conducta sexual infiel en personas casadas, mediante el análisis de siete variables que participan en el fenómeno de la infidelidad. Se colectó una muestra de 790 personas casadas (53.4 % mujeres y 47.6 % hombres) por rutas al azar en Monterrey, México. Se aplicó la Escala de Valoración de la Relación, Índice de Satisfacción Sexual, Escala de Actitud hacia la Exclusividad Marital, Escalas de Conducta Infiel, Escala de Búsqueda de Sensaciones Sexuales y Escala de Engrandecimiento Marital. Se especificó el modelo con 2 variables exógenas correlacionadas (búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales y engrandecimiento marital) y 5 variables endógenas (actitud hacia la infidelidad, satisfacción marital, satisfacción sexual, deseo de infidelidad sexual y conducta de infidelidad sexual). De cada 100 participantes, 6 estaban insatisfechos con su matrimonio, 13 con las relaciones sexuales con su pareja y 20 veían más defectos que virtudes en sus parejas. Además, 83 informaron no incurrir en conductas de infidelidad sexual, 60 indicaron total rechazo hacia la propia infidelidad, 72 no mostraron deseo de infidelidad sexual y 51 reportaron no buscar de sensaciones sexuales. El modelo mostró un efecto grande sobre la conducta de infidelidad sexual, explicando 70.8 % de su varianza, y tuvo un buen ajuste: χ 2 (7) = 11.93, P = 0.10, RMSEA = 0.03 y SRMR = 0.01. Se concluye que la variable más crítica es el deseo de infidelidad sexual, cuyo determinante más importante es la búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales. La correlación negativa entre esta última variable y engrandecimiento marital indica que estas 2 variables se pueden modular una a la otra. A su vez, el modelo remarca aspectos de insatisfacción marital y sexual.

Abstract Marital infidelity is relatively frequent despite its consequences. The aim of the study was to develop a predictive model of sexual infidelity behavior among married persons, through the analysis of seven variables related to the infidelity construct. A sample of 790 married persons (53.4 % women and 47.6 % men) was collected in Monterrey, Mexico using random route sampling. The Relationship Assessment Scale, Sexual Satisfaction Index, Attitude toward Marital Exclusivity Scale, Unfaithful Behavior Scales, Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale, and Marital Aggrandizement Scale were applied. A model with 2 correlated exogenous variables (sexual sensation seeking and marital aggrandizement) and 5 endogenous variables (attitude towards infidelity, marital satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, desire for sexual infidelity, and sexual infidelity behavior) was specified. Six out of 100 participants were dissatisfied with their marriage and 13 with sexual relations with their partner and 20 saw more defects than virtues in their partners. In addition, 83 informed not engaging in sexual infidelity behaviors, 60 indicated total rejection towards own sexual infidelity, 72 showed no desire for sexual infidelity and 51 reported not seeking sexual sensations. The model showed a large effect on the sexual infidelity behavior, explaining 70.8 % of its variance, and had a close fit: χ 2 (7) = 11.93, P-value = 0.10, RMSEA = 0.03, and SRMR = 0.01. It is concluded that the most critical variable in the model is the desire for sexual infidelity, whose most important determinant was the sexual sensation seeking. The negative correlation between this last variable and marital aggrandizement indicates that these 2 variables can be modulated one to the other. Furthermore, the model highlights aspects of marital and sexual dissatisfaction.

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Este estudo averiguou a percepção e compreensão de homens e mulheres sobre infidelidade nos relacionamentos conjugais, além das principais motivações ou fatores envolvidos na infidelidade. As experiências infiéis foram investigadas a partir da satisfação sexual e conjugal, as habilidades sociais conjugais e as atitudes e crenças frente ao fenômeno. Foi realizado um estudo online que contou com 531 respondentes de diversas regiões do Brasil. Utilizou-se um questionário sociodemográfico, bem como quatro escalas que buscaram mensurar a satisfação sexual, atitudes em relação à infidelidade, satisfação conjugal e habilidades conjugais. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e bivariadas de correlação e comparação de médias, onde o grupo de sujeitos que haviam sido infiéis se mostrou menos satisfeito sexual e conjugalmente, apresentou ainda atitudes mais positivas em relação a infidelidade e menos habilidades sociais conjugais. O estudo debate como tais variáveis estão relacionadas às vivências das pessoas que passaram pela infidelidade.

This study investigated the perception and understanding of men and women about infidelity in marital relationships, in addition to the main motivations or factors involved in infidelity. Unfaithful experiences were investigated based on sexual and marital satisfaction, marital social skills and attitudes and beliefs regarding the phenomenon. An online study was conducted with 531 respondents from different regions of Brazil. A sociodemographic questionnaire was used, as well as four scales that sought to measure sexual satisfaction, attitudes towards infidelity, marital satisfaction and marital skills. Descriptive and bivariate analyses of correlation and comparison of means were performed, where the group of subjects who had been unfaithful proved to be less sexual and conjugal satisfaction, still showed more positive attitudes towards infidelity and less marital social skills. The study discusses how these variables are related to the experiences of people who have been through infidelity.

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Resumen Este artículo muestra los resultados del proyecto de investigación/intervención, denominado "Significados y Sentidos del amor en parejas con historias de infidelidad", realizado en la Universidad Santo Tomas de Bogotá (Colombia). Se realizó una apuesta por la comprensión de los significados del amor en parejas que han tenido engaños y desilusiones amorosas asociadas a infidelidades, y la intervención psicoterapéutica para la reorganización de versiones novedosas del amor, la infidelidad y el ser pareja desde una perspectiva sistémica constructivista, socio construccionista y compleja. En esta investigación, participaron dos parejas cuyo motivo de consulta se relaciona con la infidelidad, se desarrollaron 5 escenarios narrativos conversacionales con cada una de ellas, empleando dispositivos de intervención tales como: la construcción de historias, las esculturas y las metáforas. Los principales hallazgos reconocen relatos matizados de los conyugues, por imágenes idealizadas de la pareja generando sentimientos de culpabilidad, historias asociadas al silencio y sometimiento como forma de solucionar los conflictos, la deconstrucción de historias de infidelidad para reconstruir la trama narrativa de la pareja desde aspectos particulares que conectan a los enamorados, y el acontecimiento de infidelidad como posibilidad de cambio.

Abstract This article shows the results of the research/intervention project titled "Meanings and senses of love in couples with a history of infidelity", carried out in the Santo Tomas University of Bogotá (Colombia). An effort was made to understand the meanings of love in couples who have suffered from deceit and disappointment in love associated with infidelity, and who have received psychotherapeutic intervention for the configuration of new versions of love, infidelity, and being a couple from a systemic-constructivist, social-constructionist, and complex perspective. Two couples whose reason for consultation was related to infidelity participated in this research, and five conversational narrative scenarios were developed with both of them, using intervention devices such as the construction of stories, sculptures, and metaphors. The main findings show stories from the spouses that are nuanced through idealized images of the couple that generates feelings of guilt; stories associated with silence and submission as a means to resolve conflicts; the deconstruction of infidelity stories to reconstruct the couple's narrative plot based on particular aspects that connect the lovers; and the event of infidelity as a possibility for change.

RESUMO

Resumen Se ha propuesto que la actitud de rechazo hacia la infidelidad actúa como factor protector de sexo extradiádico, el cual puede tener efectos negativos para la estabilidad de la pareja. La escala de actitud hacia exclusividad marital (ATMES, por sus siglas en inglés: Attitude Toward Marital Exclusivity Scale) es un instrumento breve. Se usa en la investigación para medir actitud hacia la infidelidad a la pareja, pero no está validado en México. Este artículo tiene como objetivos validar la ATMES y contrastar un modelo para predecir infidelidad sexual. Se usó un muestreo de rutas al azar. A 727 personas casadas mexicanas (52.8% mujeres y 47.2% hombres) se les aplicó cuatro instrumentos de medida. La consistencia interna de la ATMES fue excelente, su distribución mostró asimetría positiva y se validó el modelo de un factor. Un modelo en el que el deseo de infidelidad sexual predice la infidelidad sexual, el deseo de infidelidad sexual es predicho por actitud hacia la infidelidad, satisfacción marital y búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales y estas dos últimas variables correlacionadas predicen actitud hacia la infidelidad, tuvo buen ajuste a los datos. Se concluye que la ATMES es una medida unidimensional, consistente y presenta evidencias de validez de constructo.

Abstract: It has been proposed that an attitude of rejection toward infidelity acts as a protective factor from extradyadic sex, which can have negative effects for the stability of the couple. The Attitude Toward Marital Exclusivity Scale (ATMES) is a brief instrument, used in research, but it is not validated in Mexico. The objectives of this article were to validate the ATMES, and to contrast a model to predict sexual infidelity. A random-route sampling was used. A questionnaire composed of four scales was administered to 727 Mexican married persons (52.8% women and 47.2% men). The internal consistency of ATMES was excellent, the distribution of ATMES scores showed positive asymmetry, and the one-factor model was validated. A model, in which the desire for sexual infidelity predicts sexual infidelity, the desire for sexual infidelity is predicted by attitude toward infidelity, marital satisfaction and sexual sensation seeking and these last two correlated variables predict attitude toward infidelity, had a good fit to the data, and was valid for both sexes. It is concluded that ATMES is a consistent, one-dimensional measure, that shows evidence of construct validity.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Panel data from married adults (N = 1,853) in the General Social Survey, a probability sample of the adult household population of the United States, were used to evaluate (a) the longitudinal association between extramarital sex and marital dissolution 2 years later, (b) whether probability of marital dissolution differed as a function of the type of relationship people reported having with their extramarital sex partner, and (c) the degree to which these associations were incremental to participants' level of marital satisfaction at baseline. Compared to people who reported not engaging in extramarital sex, those who reported engaging in extramarital sex at baseline were significantly more likely to be separated or divorced 2 years later. Furthermore, the association between having extramarital sex with a close personal friend and marital dissolution was particularly strong. These associations remained statistically significant after adjusting for marital satisfaction. Results suggest that the identity of the extramarital sex partner and the type of relationship a person has with him or her has important implications for probability of marital dissolution above and beyond the contribution of marital satisfaction.

Se utilizaron los datos de panel de adultos casados (N = 1,853) de la Encuesta Social General (General Social Survey), una muestra probabilística de la población de hogares de adultos de los Estados Unidos, para evaluar (a) la asociación longitudinal entre las relaciones sexuales extramatrimoniales y el divorcio dos años después, (b) si la probabilidad de divorcio difirió como una función del tipo de relación que las personas informaron tener con su pareja de relaciones sexuales extramatrimoniales y (c) el grado en el cual estas asociaciones aumentaron según el nivel de satisfacción matrimonial de los participantes al inicio del estudio. En comparación con las personas que informaron no tener relaciones sexuales extramatrimoniales, aquellos que sí informaron tener relaciones extramatrimoniales al comienzo del estudio tuvieron muchas más probabilidades de estar separados o divorciados dos años después. Además, la asociación entre tener relaciones sexuales extramatrimoniales con un amigo íntimo personal y el divorcio fue particularmente fuerte. Estas asociaciones continuaron siendo estadísticamente significativas después de ajustar teniendo en cuenta la satisfacción conyugal. Los resultados sugieren que la identidad de la pareja extramatrimonial y el tipo de relación que una persona tiene con ella repercuten considerablemente en la probabilidad de divorcio más allá del aporte de la satisfacción matrimonial.

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Resumen La finalidad del presente estudio fue desarrollar la versión corta de una de las cuatro subescalas del Inventario Multidimensional de Infidelidad (IMIN). El Inventario tiene 155 reactivos totales, con opción de respuesta tipo likert de cinco puntos, y cuatro subescalas: Subescala de conducta de infidelidad; Subescala de motivación de infidelidad, Subescala de la conceptuación asociada a la infidelidad y Subescala de las consecuencias de la infidelidad. La versión corta de la Subescala conceptuación de la infidelidad se desarrolló, a través de un análisis factorial confirmatorio. De cada dimensión se eligieron los 3 reactivos con los pesos factoriales más altos. Los 18 reactivos fueron contestados por 940 adultos heterosexuales con pareja exclusiva, 458 hombres y 482 mujeres. Los resultados arrojaron un modelo que conserva las seis dimensiones originales y un buen ajuste en GFI, AGFI, CFI, y RMSEA (factor uno Trasgresión, factor dos Sentimiento de pérdida, factor tres Inestabilidad, factor cuatro Pasión y factor cinco Cobardía y factor seis Amor). El coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach total fue de .90. Se puede concluir que se obtuvo una versión corta, práctica, válida, confiable y culturalmente relevante para adultos mexicanos.

Abstract The present study aims to develop the short version of one of the four subscales of the Multidimensional Inventory of Infidelity. The original Inventory includes a total of 155 items distributed in four subscales: infidelity behavior subscale; infidelity motivation subscale; associated conceptualization of infidelity subscale; and consequences of infidelity subscale. This study developed the short version of the conceptualization of infidelity subscale using a confirmatory factor analysis. The subscale has six dimensions, and for each dimension three items with the highest factor loadings were chosen. The 18 items were answered by 940 heterosexual adults with an exclusive partner, 458 men and 482 women. The results show a model that uses all the original six dimensions and has a good fit for GFI, AGFI, CFI, and RMSEA. Cronbach's alpha coefficient total was .90. It can be concluded that the obtained version is short, practical, valid, reliable and culturally relevant for Mexican adults. It can be concluded that the research successfully developed a short, practical, reliable, valid, and culturally relevant scale for Mexican adults.