RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence of Demodex spp. in the eyelashes' pilosebaceous unit in volunteers of one campus of a private university. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The volunteers underwent anamnesis, biomicroscopic study and samples were taken of 8 eyelashes, 2 of each eyelid of both eyes. The eyelashes were mounted on a slide and observed under a light microscope to determine the presence and quantity of mites. RESULTS: 200 volunteers were recruited, determining the prevalence of Demodex spp. in 54 (27%) of them. Of the positive cases, 40 (74.1%) presented signs and/or symptoms of blepharitis, 43 (79.7%) presented the mite in one eye and an average infestation rate of 0.65 Demodex spp. per eyelash was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately one in four of the volunteers studied without a diagnosis of blepharitis was a carrier of the parasite, of which a significant percentage presented some type of sign and/or symptom of this pathology which was related to a higher rate of infestation (p<0.05).
Assuntos
Infecções Oculares Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Pestanas/parasitologia , Infestações por Ácaros/epidemiologia , Universidades/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Chile/epidemiologia , Infecções Oculares Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infestações por Ácaros/diagnóstico , Prevalência , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Resumo Dois terços da população mundial vivem em áreas infestadas com mosquitos vetores da dengue, especialmente o Aedes aegypti. Este estudo realizou um levantamento de dados sobre casos de dengue no município de Picos, no Estado do Piauí, Brasil, entre os anos de 2007 e 2011, enfatizando alguns fatores envolvidos em sua transmissão. Os dados foram coletados no Centro de Zoonoses de Picos da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde e no Sistema de Informação da Febre Amarela e Dengue (SISFAD) do Programa Nacional do Controle da Dengue (PNCD). Durante os anos de 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 e 2011, foram visitados, respectivamente, 116.301, 182.024, 181.892, 187.619 e 195.377 imóveis pelos agentes de controle de endemias (ACE). As residências foram os estabelecimentos com maior positividade para focos de larvas de Aedes aegypti (p<0,05). Dentre os depósitos inspecionados, as larvas predominaram em armazenadores de água rebaixados (tambores) e elevados (caixas-d’água). Testes sorológicos confirmaram um total de 85 casos em 2007, 117 em 2008, 221 em 2009, 296 em 2010 e 217 em 2011. A média de casos foi mais expressiva em pacientes com idade entre 20-34 anos (p<0,05). No ano de 2011, foram identificados, pela primeira vez, focos de Aedes albopictus, encontrados principalmente em tambores de água. Portanto, o número de casos vem aumentando, o que sugere que o controle vetorial da transmissão pode sofrer forte impacto a partir da ação de vigilância epidemiológica em âmbito coletivo, uma vez que depósitos de água peri ou intradomiciliares representaram os locais predominantes para a procriação de vetores.
Abstract Two-thirds of the world population live in areas infested with dengue vector mosquitoes, especially Aedes aegypti. This study conducted a survey about dengue cases in Picos (Piauí, Brazil) between 2007 and 2011, emphasizing some transmission factors. Data were collected in the Health Secretary and Municipal Zoonoses Center and in SISFAD Programme (Information System of the National Dengue Control Program). During 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011, a total of 116,301; 181,892; 187,619 and 195,377 properties, respectively, were visited by endemic control agents, and presented higher rates of outbreaks for A. aegypti larvae (p<0.05). Among the inspected places, larvae were predominant in lowered (storage tanks) and raised (water tanks) water reservoirs. Serological tests confirmed a total of 85, 117, 221, 296 and 217 cases in 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011 and the average number of cases was higher in patients between 20-34 years-old) (p<0.05). In 2011 it was identified, for the first time, Aedes albopictus spots, mainly in storage tanks. Therefore, the number of cases is increasing, suggesting that the transmission vector control may suffer a strong impact by surveillance action based on community contribution, since peri- or household water tanks represented the predominant sites for vectors reproduction.
RESUMO
Los trichomycetes incluyen un interesante grupo de hongos filamentosos de distribución cosmopólita que se han adaptado a vivir como comensales obligados en el intestino de diversos grupos de artrópodos. Al menos una especie de Smittium es patogénica para los mosquitos que infecta. Esta investigación se realizó con el propósito de establecer que tan amplia es la infestación de Smittium culisetae en larvas de mosquito colectados en el Valle Central de costa Rica entre 1998 y el 2001. Se empleó técnicas entomológicas usuales para la colecta de los insectos, su cría con fines de identificación taxonómica y larvas de 3er. y 4o estadío se disecaron para exponer y estudiar el contenido del tracto digestivo. Se encontró un porcentaje de infestación de 25.8 por ciento, un valor semejante a lo informado por otros autores en otras regiones. No se encontró parásitos de otro tipo en los especímenes colectados.
Trichomycetes constitute a cosmopolitan group of filamentous fungi which are obligate symbionts in the digestive tracts of arthropods. Although this relationship in most species is apparently of a commensalistic nature, at least one species of Smittium has been reported as pathogenic. This study was conducted to determine the level of infestation of S. culisetae in mosquito larvae in the central region of Costa Rica, and to detect other parasites of this medically important group of insects during 1998-2001. Larvae were reared using standard entomological techniques to obtain adults for taxonomic identification; third and fourth stage larvae were dissected to reveal gut contents. A total of 27 mosquito species were collected. The infestation rate in 670 larvae examined was 25.8% which is similar to findings in other areas. Infested larvae did not show any pathological symptoms nor were other parasites of mosquitoes found.