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Tres stents traqueales fueron removidos luego de 10, 16 y 22 años, a lo que le siguió la correspondiente curación de la estenosis traqueal. Se reportan dos nuevos casos de estenosis traqueal benigna, tratados con prótesis de silicona, que se presentaron a control luego de muy largas ausencias: 16 años en uno y 22 en otro. Se suman a un caso anteriormente publicado y curado luego de 10 años de permanencia del stent, que también presentó una amplia y estable luz traqueal luego la remoción. Se describen los hallazgos endoscópicos, y se incluyen reflexiones sobre la curación de la estenosis observada en todos ellos y su probable relación con el largo tiempo de permanencia de las prótesis. Se investigan las propiedades físicas de los stents, luego de tan prolongado lapso de implante y se las compara con un dispositivo nuevo. Se emite una propuesta que podría conducir a la curación de las estenosis traqueales con tratamiento endoscópico y stent por tiempo prolongado.

Three tracheal stents were removed after 10, 16, and 22 years, followed by healing of tracheal stenosis. Two new cases of benign tracheal stenosis are reported, treated with silicone pros theses, which presented for follow-up after very long absences: 16 years in one case and 22 years in the other. They add to a previously published case that was healed 10 years after the stent was implanted, which also had a wide and stable tracheal lumen after removal. The endoscopic findings are described, and reflections are included on the healing of the observed stenosis in all cases and its probable relationship with the prolonged indwelling of the prostheses. The physical properties of the stents are inves tigated after such a long period since implantation, and they are compared with a new device. A proposal is put forward that could lead to the healing of tracheal stenosis with endoscopic treatment and prolonged indwelling of the stent.

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Introducción: la ascitis refractaria puede ser una complicación frecuente en el síndrome nefrótico (SN), existen casos reportados del uso de un catéter tunelizado de diálisis peritoneal en pacientes con cirrosis o neoplasias abdominales. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con SN en quién se utilizó un catéter para diálisis peritoneal (DP) para manejo de la ascitis refractaria. Objetivo: mostrar que el catéter peritoneal puede ser considerado como una alternativa para el manejo de la ascitis refractaria en pacientes con síndrome nefrótico. Presentación del caso: paciente varón de 19 años, sin antecedentes patológicos, cursó con edema progresivo y alteración de la función renal. Se evidenció síndrome nefrótico con anasarca y evolucionó con empeoramiento de la función renal ingresando a hemodiálisis de soporte. Se realizó biopsia renal: podocitopatía, glomerulopatía colapsante. Se inició tratamiento con corticoterapia, mejorando la función renal hasta suspender la hemodiálisis, pero presentó ascitis refractaria al tratamiento médico, por lo que se realizó paracentesis evacuatoria en reiteradas ocasiones. Se decidió colocación de catéter peritoneal tunelizado para el manejo de la ascitis refractaria. La ascitis fue disminuyendo progresivamente hasta el retiro del catéter peritoneal. Discusión y conclusión: el uso de catéter tunelizado de diálisis peritoneal es una opción de manejo efectiva en casos de síndrome nefrótico con ascitis refractaria.

Introduction: Refractory ascites can be a frequent complication in nephrotic syndrome (NS), there are reported cases of the use of a tunneled peritoneal dialysis catheter in patients with cirrhosis or abdominal neoplasms. The case of a patient with NS is presented in whom used a peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter to manage refractory ascites. Purpose: To show that the peritoneal catheter can be considered as an alternative for the management of refractory ascites in patients with nephrotic syndrome. Presentation of the case: A 19-year-old male patient, with no pathological history, presented progressive edema and impaired renal function. Nephrotic syndrome with anasarca was evidenced, and it evolved with worsening renal function, entering supportive hemodialysis. Renal biopsy was performed: podocytopathy, collapsing glomerulopathy. Corticosteroid treatment was started, improving renal function until hemodialysis was discontinued, but he presented ascites refractory to medical treatment, for which evacuatory paracentesis was performed repeatedly. It was decided to place a tunneled peritoneal catheter for the management of refractory ascites. Ascites gradually decreased until the peritoneal catheter was removed. Discussion and conclusion: The use of a tunneled peritoneal dialysis catheter is an effective management option in cases of nephrotic syndrome with refractory ascites.

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BACKGROUND: A well-recognized therapy to improve the symptoms of patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE), indwelling pleural catheters (IPCs) can also achieve spontaneous pleurodesis. Chemical pleurodesis is associated with a significant pro-coagulation and fibrinolytic environment. Hence, anticoagulation could theoretically interfere with this process. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate if anticoagulation can interfere with successful spontaneous pleurodesis in patients treated with IPC. METHODS: This was a cohort study of all patients with MPE treated with IPC. The primary objective was to determine if anticoagulant use after IPC placement decreased the rate of spontaneous pleurodesis. The secondary objective was to identify other factors associated with spontaneous pleurodesis. We used a Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard model and a direct acyclic graph to identify variables associated with time to spontaneous pleurodesis. RESULTS: Of the included 410 patients, 210 patients (51.2%) achieved pleurodesis and had their IPC removed. We found no association between anticoagulation and likelihood of pleurodesis. Multivariate analyses revealed that prior chemotherapy, ECOG score of 2-4 were associated with unsuccessful pleurodesis, while chemotherapy or radiotherapy after IPC placement remained associated with increased likelihood of spontaneous pleurodesis. CONCLUSIONS: We failed to demonstrate an association between anticoagulation and pleurodesis. We found that better performance status and chemotherapy or radiotherapy after IPC placement can increase the rate of pleurodesis and catheter removal.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the production of knowledge in research articles about the effectiveness of nursing protocols for reducing indwelling urinary catheter dwell time and catheter-associated urinary tract infection rate in hospitalized adult and older patients. Methods: an integrative review of three full articles, available in the MEDLINE Complete - EBSCO, Scopus and Web of Science databases, from 01/01/2015 to 04/26/2021. Results: the three protocols reduced infection rates, and from the review/synthesis of their knowledge, a level IV body of evidence emerged to compose the nursing care process aimed at reducing indwelling urinary catheter dwell time and catheter-associated urinary tract infection. Final Considerations: this process gathers scientific evidence to support the elaboration of nursing protocols and, consequently, the conduction of clinical trials on its effectiveness in reducing urinary tract infection by indwelling urinary catheter.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar la producción de conocimiento a partir de artículos de investigación sobre la efectividad de los protocolos de enfermería para reducir la estancia de una sonda vesical y la tasa de infección del tracto urinario relacionada con el catéter en adultos y ancianos hospitalizados. Métodos: revisión integradora de tres artículos completos, en las bases de datos MEDLINE Complete (EBSCO), Scopus y Web of Science, del 01/01/2015 al 26/04/2021. Resultados: los tres protocolos redujeron las tasas de infección y, de la revisión/síntesis de sus conocimientos, surgió un cuerpo de evidencia de nivel IV para componer el proceso de atención de enfermería, con el objetivo de reducir la permanencia de sonda vesical y la infección asociada. Consideraciones Finales: este proceso reúne evidencias científicas para apoyar la elaboración de protocolos de enfermería y, consecuentemente, la realización de ensayos clínicos sobre su efectividad en la reducción de la infección por sonda vesical permanente.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar a produção do conhecimento de artigos de pesquisas acerca da efetividade de protocolos de enfermagem para redução do tempo de permanência de sonda vesical de demora e da taxa de infecção do trato urinário relacionada ao cateter em pacientes adultos e idosos hospitalizados. Métodos: revisão integrativa de três artigos na íntegra, nas bases de dados MEDLINE Complete (EBSCO), Scopus e Web of Science, no período de 01/01/2015 a 26/04/2021. Resultados: os três protocolos reduziram as taxas de infecção, e, da revisão/síntese de seu conhecimento, emergiu um corpo de evidências de nível IV para compor o processo de cuidar de enfermagem, visando à redução da permanência do cateter e da infecção associada. Considerações Finais: esse processo reúne evidências científicas para subsidiar a elaboração de protocolos de enfermagem e, consequentemente, a condução de ensaios clínicos sobre sua eficácia na redução de infecção do trato urinário por sonda vesical de demora.

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Resumo Objetivo Sintetizar o conhecimento sobre o uso da lock terapia na prevenção e no tratamento da infecção da corrente sanguínea associada ao dispositivo de acesso vascular central de longa permanência em pacientes adultos e idosos hospitalizados. Métodos Revisão integrativa com busca nas bases de dados CINAHL, Cochrane Central, Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science, no período de 1º janeiro de 2010 a 28 de setembro de 2021 sem restrições de idioma. Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva. Resultados Foram identificados 16 estudos sendo seis (37,5%) sobre o uso da lock terapia como prevenção de infecção associada ao dispositivo de acesso vascular central e dez (62,5%) sobre tratamento. Os artigos sobre prevenção relataram o uso de soluções não antibióticas. Nove dos dez estudos que abordaram a lock terapia como tratamento, utilizaram soluções antibióticas. Dois estudos avaliaram a eficácia da lock terapia em curta duração (de três a quatro dias), sete em maior duração (entre 10 e 14 dias) e um não especificou a duração. Cada estudo descreveu uma técnica de intervenção e o tempo de permanência da solução intraluminal. Em relação ao risco de viés, foram avaliados como baixo risco: cinco ensaios clínicos randomizados, dois ensaios clínicos sem randomização e oito estudos observacionais. Apenas um estudo observacional foi classificado como risco moderado. Conclusão Na prevenção, identificou-se o uso de soluções não antibióticas como o etanol. Para o tratamento, foi utilizada a daptomicina endovenosa. Enquanto os estudos incluídos nessa revisão sobre prevenção não demonstraram evidência estatística, os dez estudos sobre tratamento demonstraram que a lock terapia é um complemento eficaz ao tratamento sistêmico, apresentando boas taxas de salvamento do cateter.

Resumen Objetivo Sintetizar el conocimiento sobre el uso de la terapia de bloqueo en la prevención y tratamiento de infecciones del torrente sanguíneo asociadas al dispositivo de acceso vascular central de larga permanencia en pacientes adultos y adultos mayores hospitalizados. Métodos Revisión integradora con búsqueda en las bases de datos CINAHL, Cochrane Central, Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science, en el período del 1 de enero de 2010 al 28 de septiembre de 2021 sin restricción de idioma. Los datos fueron analizados de forma descriptiva. Resultados Se identificaron 16 estudios, de los cuales seis (37,5 %) trataban sobre el uso de la terapia de bloqueo como prevención de infecciones asociadas al dispositivo de acceso vascular central y diez (62,5 %) sobre tratamiento. En los artículos sobre prevención se relató el uso de soluciones no antibióticas. En nueve de los diez estudios que abordaban la terapia de bloqueo como tratamiento, se utilizaron soluciones antibióticas. En dos estudios se evaluó la eficacia de la terapia de bloqueo de corta duración (de tres a cuatro días), siete de mayor duración (entre 10 y 14 días) y uno sin especificar la duración. En cada estudio se describió una técnica de intervención y el tiempo de permanencia de la solución intraluminal. Con relación al riesgo de sesgo, fueron evaluados con riesgo bajo: cinco ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, dos ensayos clínicos no aleatorizados y ocho estudios observacionales. Solo un estudio observacional fue clasificado con riesgo moderado. Conclusión Para la prevención, se identificó el uso de soluciones no antibióticas como el etanol. Para el tratamiento, se utilizó la daptomicina intravenosa. Aunque los estudios incluidos en esta revisión sobre prevención no hayan demostrado evidencia estadística, los diez estudios sobre tratamiento demostraron que la terapia de bloqueo es un complemento eficaz para el tratamiento sistémico y presentó buenos índices de salvamento del catéter.

Abstract Objective To synthesize knowledge on the use of lock therapy for prevention and treatment of long-term central vascular access devices-associated bloodstream infection in hospitalized adult and elderly patients. Methods Integrative review conducted in CINAHL, Cochrane Central, Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, from January 1st, 2010 to September 28th, 2021, without language restrictions. Data were analyzed descriptively. Results Sixteen studies were identified, six (37.5%) on the use of lock therapy for prevention of bloodstream infection associated with central vascular access devices, and ten (62.5%) on treatment. The articles on prevention reported the use of non-antibiotic solutions. Nine of the ten studies that addressed lock therapy as treatment used antibiotic solutions. Two studies assessed the effectiveness of lock therapy in a short duration (three to four days), seven in a longer duration (between 10 and 14 days), and one did not specify the length of time. Each study described an intervention technique and the length of stay of the intraluminal solution. Regarding the risk of bias, five randomized clinical trials, two non-randomized clinical trials, and eight observational studies were rated as low risk. Only one observational study was classified as moderate risk. Conclusion The use of non-antibiotic solutions such as ethanol was identified for prevention of bloodstream infection. For treatment, intravenous daptomycin was used. While the studies included in this review on prevention did not show statistical evidence, the ten studies on treatment demonstrated that lock therapy is an effective complement to systemic treatment, showing good catheter salvage rates.

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Objetivo: Implantar um time de terapia intravenosa em um hospital de grande porte. Método: Estudo de abordagem qualitativa realizado a partir de encontros de grupo de convergência, utilizando o referencial metodológico da pesquisa convergente-assistencial. Foram realizadas entrevis-tas semiestruturadas, a apuração dos dados obtidos por meio da análise de conteúdo e a formação de três categorias, que originaram os assuntos para a capacitação dos profissionais. Resultados: Participaram nove enfermeiros e, após a realização de quatro encontros de capacitação, foi implantado um time de terapia intravenosa e desenvolvido documento norteador para a execução do trabalho. Conclusão: O estudo resultou na implantação do time de terapia intravenosa em um hospital de grande porte a partir da pesquisa desenvolvida e da experiência de trabalho dos enfermeiros que atuam na prá-tica assistencial. O referencial metodológico possibilitou aos enfermeiros serem ouvidos enquanto promotores da ação e implementadores da inovação.Palavras-chave: Infecção hospitalar. Cateteres de demora. Infecções relacionadas a cateteres. Segurança do paciente.

Objective: To implement an intravenous therapy team in a large hospital. Method: Qualitative study carried out based on convergence group meetings, using the methodological framework of convergent-assistance research. Semi-structured interviews were carried out, data were collected through content analysis and three categories were formed, which originated the subjects for the training of professionals. Results: Nine nurses par-ticipated in the research and, after four training meetings, an intravenous therapy team was implemented and a guiding document was developed for carrying out the work. Conclusion: The study resulted in the implementation of an intravenous therapy team in a large hospital based on the research developed and the work experience of nurses who work in care practice. The methodological framework allowed nurses to be heard as promoters of action and implementers of innovation.

Objetivo: Implementar un equipo de terapia intravenosa en un gran hospital. Método: Estudio cualitativo realizado a partir de reuniones de grupos de convergencia, utilizando el marco metodológico de investigación convergente-asistencial. Fueron realizadas entrevistas semiestructuradas, reco-gida de datos a través del análisis de contenido y la formación de tres categorías, que originaron los temas para la formación de profesionales. Resultados:Participaron nueve enfermeros y, después de cuatro reuniones de capacitación, se implementó un equipo de terapia intravenosa y se elaboró un docu-mento guía para la realización del trabajo. Conclusión: El estudio resultó en la implementación de un equipo de terapia intravenosa en un hospital de gran porte a partir de la investigación desarrollada y la experiencia laboral de los enfermeros que actúan en la práctica asistencial. El marco metodológico permitió que los enfermeros sean escuchados como promotores de la acción e implementadores de la innovación.

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RESUMEN Introducción. Actualmente la tasa de nacimientos a nivel mundial es de 18,8% y en el Perú es de 10%. Las principales causas de mortalidad neonatal son los partos pre termino, infecciones y defectos congénitos. La unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales es el área que se encarga de la atención de los recién nacidos en estado crítico, siendo indispensable la obtención de una vía de acceso venoso central adecuada para su tratamiento. Objetivo. Describir la utilización del catéter percutáneo de inserción periférica en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales del Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño Breña, periodo junio 2017 - junio 2019. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo, transversal. La muestra fue intencional conformada aproximadamente por 110 historias clínicas de recién nacidos que estuvieron hospitalizados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales. La técnica la observación y el instrumento la lista de chequeo. Resultados. El 51,8% fueron neonatos con patología quirúrgica. Asimismo, el 36,4% tuvieron una edad gestacional menor o igual de 32 semanas, la vena más usada fue la basílica con un 27,3%, el 37,3% de los catéteres fueron retirados por sospecha de sepsis y las puntas enviadas a cultivo. Conclusiones. El cuidado en el procedimiento y mantenimiento del catéter percutáneo fue el adecuado, presentándose un bajo número de complicaciones.

ABSTRACT Introduction. Currently the birth rate worldwide is 18.8% and in Peru it is 10%. The main causes of neonatal mortality are preterm births, infections and congenital defects. The neonatal intensive care unit is the area that is responsible for the care of newborns in critical condition, obtaining an adequate central venous access route for their treatment is essential. Objective. To describe the use of the percutaneous peripheral insertion catheter in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño Breña, period June 2017 - June 2019. Methods. The study was descriptive, observational, retrospective, cross-sectional. The intentional sample was made up of approximately 110 medical records of newborns who were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit. The technique the observation and the instrument the checklist. Results. 51.8% were neonates with surgical pathology. Likewise, 36.4% had a gestational age less than or equal to 32 weeks, the most used vein was the basilica with 27.3%, 37.3% of the catheters were removed due to suspected Sepsis and the tips were sent for culture. Conclusions. The care in the procedure and maintenance of the percutaneous catheter was adequate, presenting a low number of complications.

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BACKGROUND: The use of Indwelling Pleural Catheter (IPC) in the care of patients with Malignant Pleural Effusion (MPE) is well established, however studies involving public health systems of low and middle-income countries are still lacking. This study aimed to determine the effect of IPC on the respiratory symptoms and Quality of Life (QoL) of patients with MPE in the setting of a Brazilian public health system. METHODS: From August 2015 to November 2019, patients with MPE underwent IPC placement and were prospectively followed. QoL and respiratory symptoms were assessed by the EORTC questionnaires (QLQ-30; LC13) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), respectively, at pre-treatment, 30 , and 60 days after IPC placement. RESULTS: 56 patients were enrolled with 57 catheters inserted. The mean age was 63 (23‒88) years, of which 17 (30%) were men and 39 (70%) were women. Breast 24 (42%) and lung 21 (37%) were the main primary neoplasms. Cellulitis was the most common complication and all patients recovered with appropriate antimicrobial therapy. QoL did not change significantly over time, however, the VAS showed a significant improvement in dyspnea (+1.2: -0.5; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: IPC relieves respiratory symptoms without compromising the QoL, with a low complication rate. It represents a suitable option for patients with MPE and short LE in an emerging country.

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This study aimed to analyze the incidence of complications resulting from the use of an indwelling arterial catheter (IAC). We compared the characteristics of the patients with an IAC who developed complications with those who did not present any complications. The study included 1,869 patients with an IAC hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) between 2017 and 2018. Most patients were male (58.7%), in the seventh decade of life, and had systemic arterial hypertension. The most common site of IAC implantation was the radial artery. Fifty-four (2.88%) cases of complications related to an IAC were identified including bleeding, hematomas, and thrombosis. Female patients had a higher risk of complications (P = .030). Comorbidities such as arrhythmias (P < .001) and peripheral arterial disease (P = .041) also increased that risk. The use of vasoactive drugs (P = .001), hemodialysis (P = .001), and orotracheal intubation (OTI) (P = .001) was significantly associated with the occurrence of complications as well as length of stay in ICUs (P < .001) and IAC duration (P = .001). IACs are safe devices commonly used in ICUs, with an incidence of complications of 2.88%.

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As principais complicações pós-operatórias de Ressecção Transuretral da Próstata (RTU-P) são: retenção urinária por coágulos sanguíneos na sonda e a contaminação exógena do sistema urinário por manipulação do profissional de saúde ao realizar a técnica de lavagem vesical. O artigo descreve o desenvolvimento de um protótipo para a manutenção do sistema urinário fechado durante a lavagem vesical e permitir a medição das pressões no interior do cateter vesical de demora (CVD) de três vias com o protótipo durante a técnica da lavagem vesical. Trata-se de uma pesquisa tecnológica baseada no modelo de Processo de Desenvolvimento do Produto de Rozenfeld. Foram realizados testes de funcionalidade por meio de experimentos em ambiente controlado dentro de laboratório. O protótipo apresentou resultados satisfatórios quanto a manutenção do sistema urinário fechado durante a técnica de lavagem vesical. O uso do catéter permitiu a medição das pressões específicas do CVD de três vias em três momentos diferentes: cateter desobstruído, cateter parcialmente obstruído e cateter totalmente obstruído. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o protótipo pode representar uma ferramenta inovadora na área de urologia. Atendeu as especificações do projeto e possibilitou a manutenção do sistema urinário fechado na lavagem vesical. Além de diminuir os riscos de contaminação do sistema urinário durante a manipulação da técnica. Portanto, o presente estudo demostrou que o protótipo é plenamente seguro quando comparado as pressões exercidas dentro do CVD. Existe a necessidade de realizar testes experimentais em humanos para comprovar a diminuição de contaminação do trato urinário como uso do protótipo.

The main postoperative complications of Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) are urinary retention by blood clots in the probe and exogenous contamination of the urinary system by manipulation of the healthcare professional when performing the bladder washing technique. The aim of this study was to develop a prototype for keeping the urinary system closed during bladder washes and to measure the internal pressures of the three-way Indwelling Urinary Catheter (IDC) during the bladder washing technique. This was a technological study based on the Rozenfeld's Product Development Process model. Functionality tests were carried out through experiments in a controlled environment in the laboratory. The prototype showed satisfactory results regarding the preservation of the urinary system closed during the bladder washing technique. It was possible to obtain specific pressures from the three-way IDC at three different moments: unobstructed catheter, partially obstructed catheter, and totally obstructed catheter. The results obtained demonstrate that the prototype can represent an innovative tool in the area of urology. It met the project's specifications and preserved the urinary system closed during the bladder washing. Moreover, it reduces the risk of urinary system contamination during the technique manipulation. Therefore, the present study showed that the prototype is fully safe regarding the pressures exerted inside the IDC. There is a need to carry out experimental tests in humans to prove the decrease of urinary tract contamination with the use of this prototype.

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Abstract Background: The use of Indwelling Pleural Catheter (IPC) in the care of patients with Malignant Pleural Effusion (MPE) is well established, however studies involving public health systems of low and middle-income countries are still lacking. This study aimed to determine the effect of IPC on the respiratory symptoms and Quality of Life (QoL) of patients with MPE in the setting of a Brazilian public health system. Methods: From August 2015 to November 2019, patients with MPE underwent IPC placement and were prospectively followed. QoL and respiratory symptoms were assessed by the EORTC questionnaires (QLQ-30; LC13) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), respectively, at pre-treatment, 30 , and 60 days after IPC placement. Results: 56 patients were enrolled with 57 catheters inserted. The mean age was 63 (23‒88) years, of which 17 (30%) were men and 39 (70%) were women. Breast 24 (42%) and lung 21 (37%) were the main primary neoplasms. Cellulitis was the most common complication and all patients recovered with appropriate antimicrobial therapy. QoL did not change significantly over time, however, the VAS showed a significant improvement in dyspnea (+1.2: -0.5; p = 0.001). Conclusion: IPC relieves respiratory symptoms without compromising the QoL, with a low complication rate. It represents a suitable option for patients with MPE and short LE in an emerging country. HIGHLIGHTS Indwelling pleural catheter represents a suitable option for patients with malignant pleural effusion and short life expectancy. It relieves respiratory symptoms without compromising the quality of life, and the complication rate is low, even in an emerging country, with a low socioeconomic and under-educated patient population. The rate of spontaneous pleurodesis was 45%. The analysis of the visual analog scale showed significant control of dyspnea (p = 0.001), but pain and quality of life did not change significantly.

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Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares han provocado el incremento de arritmias en la población, aumentando el uso de dispositivos como el cardiodesfibrilador, que, si bien previene las arritmias, puede afectar la calidad de vida. Objetivo: Describir la asociación que existe entre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, la ansiedad y la depresión en personas portadoras de un cardiodesfibrilador. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo correlacional, de corte transversal, donde participaron 85 pacientes con implante de cardiodesfibrilador. Se aplicó una ficha sociodemográfica, los instrumentos Cuestionario de Salud (SF-36), el Inventario de Ansiedad y Depresión de Beck. Resultados: El 81,2% de los participantes fueron hombres con rango de edad 36-92 años. La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud mostró correlación negativa media con respecto a la ansiedad (r=‒0,622; p<0,001) y moderada, respecto a la depresión (rs=‒0,599; p<0,001). Conclusiones: Portar un cardiodesfibrilador puede desencadenar ansiedad y depresión, si estos no se intervienen oportunamente la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud puede deteriorarse, por ello, es importante implementar acciones tempranas que generen bienestar.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases have caused a rise in arrhythmias, increasing the use caridoverter defibrillators. Although, these devices prevent arrhythmias, they may also affect the quality of life. Objective: To describe the association between quality of life and health, anxiety and depression in people who use cardioverter defibrillators. Materials and methods: A qualitative, descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study was carried out with 85 patients using implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Sociodemographic records, the Health Questionnaire (SF-36), and the Beck Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire were used. Results: 81.2% of participants were men with their ages ranging between 36 and 92 years. The health-related quality of life showed a negative correlation with respect to anxiety (r=- 0.622) and a slight correlation with depression (rs=-0.599; p<0.001). Conclusions: The use of a cardioverter-defibrillator can trigger anxiety and depression that can deteriorate the health-related quality of life if not timely intervened. It is important to implement early actions that generate well-being.

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PURPOSE: Obstructive pyelonephritis is a common urologic emergency that requires prompt decompression of the collecting system. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed patient flow and healthcare strategies at numerous emergency departments across Brazil with still unknown consequences for the population. This study sought to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on clinical outcomes in patients with acute obstructive pyelonephritis at a tertiary academic center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After Institutional Review Board approval, a retrospective chart review of patients who required decompression of the collecting system due to acute obstructive pyelonephritis from June 2019 to July 2020 was conducted. Basic demographic information, pre-operative, and peri-operative data were recorded. Patients were assigned in "Pre-Covid" and "Post-Covid" groups based on the admission dates. RESULTS: A total of 63 patients were included, with 40 patients in the Pre-Covid group and 23 in the Post-Covid group. Patients from the Post-Covid group presented at the ER later after symptoms onset (7.8 vs. 4.3 days; p = 0.012), had higher rates of SIRS (57% vs. 25%; p = 0.012), perirenal abscesses (13% vs. 0%; p = 0.019), overall complications (p = 0.047) and presented longer hospital length of stay (7.6 vs. 3.8; p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: During the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with acute obstructive pyelonephritis presented later for evaluation at the ER, had higher disease severity and longer hospital length of stay when compared to the pre-COVID group of patients with the same pathology.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: To develop and validate an educational video for family members of children with leukemia using a semi-implantable catheter. Method: Methodological research, carried out from 2018 to 2020 in six stages: search for themes through interviews with family members of children with leukemia using a semi-implantable catheter at the Institute of Pediatrics of Rio de Janeiro; theoretical study; video development; online validation with expert judges; adequacy of the video and validation with family members. Interviews analyzed with Iramuteq software and validation with Likert scale considering validated items with a concordance index of 90%. Results: The themes hand hygiene, dressing and catheter fixation; bath care and catheter complications were addressed in an animated video created and validated with a concordance index of 97% among judges and 100% by family members. Conclusion: The study valued the participation of family members in all conception of the video and created a validated educational technology of far reaching and easy to use.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Desarrollar y validar un video educativo para familiares de niños con leucemia utilizando un catéter semi-implantable. Método: Investigación metodológica, realizada de 2018 a 2020 en seis etapas: buscar temas a través de entrevistas a familiares de niños con leucemia mediante catéter semi-implantable en el Instituto de Pediatría de Río de Janeiro; estudio teórico; desarrollo de video; validación en línea con jueces expertos; adecuación del video y validación con familiares. Entrevistas analizadas con software Iramuteq y validación con escala Likert considerando ítems validados con índices de concordancia de 90%. Resultados: Se identificaron los siguientes temas: higiene de manos, vendaje y fijación de catéteres; complicaciones del baño y el catéter. Video de animación 2D elaborado, validado con una tasa de acuerdo del 97% por los jueces y del 100% por familiares. Conclusión: El estudio valoró la participación de los familiares en toda concepción del video y creó una tecnología educativa validada de alto alcance y fácil uso.

RESUMO Objetivos: Elaborar e validar um vídeo educativo para familiares de crianças com leucemia em uso de cateter semi-implantável. Método: Pesquisa metodológica, realizada de 2018 a 2020 em seis etapas: busca de temas através de entrevista com familiares de crianças com cateter semi-implantável no Instituto de Pediatria do Rio de Janeiro; estudo teórico; desenvolvimento do vídeo; validação com juízes-especialistas; adequação do vídeo e validação com familiares. Entrevistas analisadas pelo software Iramuteq e validação com escala Likert, considerando-se validados itens com índices de concordância de 90%. Resultados: Os temas higienização das mãos, curativo e fixação do cateter; cuidados no banho e complicações com o cateter foram abordados em vídeo animado elaborado e validado com índice de concordância de 97% entre juízes e 100% pelos familiares. Conclusão: O estudo valorizou a participação dos familiares em toda concepção do vídeo e criou uma tecnologia educacional validada de alto alcance e fácil utilização.

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BACKGROUND: Peripheral intravenous catheters are widely used for infusion therapy. To prevent phlebitis, routine catheter replacement at 72 or 96 hours remains widely practiced. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the non-inferiority of clinically indicated peripheral intravenous catheter replacement compared with routine replacement every 96 hours to prevent phlebitis. Phlebitis severity, catheter indwelling time, and other catheter failure types were also compared. SETTING: Multi-center trial in wards at two hospitals in Sao Paulo, Brazil. DESIGN: The REplacement of PEripheral intravenous CaTheters according to clinical signs or every 96 hours (RESPECT) trial was a Randomized, non-blinded, controlled, non-inferiority trial. PARTICIPANTS: 1319 patients were enrolled with the following inclusion criteria: aged ≥18 years, expected peripheral intravenous therapy for ≥96 hours; peripheral intravenous catheters inserted in the selected wards, intensive care units, or surgical centers; and informed consent provided. Exclusion criteria were: bloodstream infection and/or sepsis, neutrophil count of ≤1000/mm3, and simultaneous use of more than one peripheral intravenous catheter. Recruitment occurred within 96 hours of peripheral intravenous catheter insertion. Randomization was performed using a computer-generated, concealed list. METHODS: As intervention, clinically indicated replacement group patients underwent peripheral intravenous catheter removal only at the end of therapy or in the presence of phlebitis, infiltration, occlusion, displacement, accidental removal, or bloodstream infection. Routine 96-h replacement group patients (control) had their catheters replaced every 96-h, unless clinical reasons required earlier replacement. The primary outcome was Phlebitis and the analyses were carried out on intention-to-treat and per-protocol bases. RESULTS: Demographic and clinical variables were similar between groups, with the exception to type of admission (p = 0.025) more frequent in clinically indicated patients and surgical on routine replacement group. Of the 1319 patients, 119 (9.0%) developed phlebitis with no between-group difference (p = 0.162); these patients used 2747 peripheral intravenous catheters, being that 134 presented phlebitis. Phlebitis/1000 catheter-days, was 14.9 in the clinically indicated group and 23.8 in the routine replacement group (p = 0.006). The survival analysis showed no significant between-group difference in the occurrence of the first phlebitis episode. CONCLUSIONS: Clinically indicated peripheral intravenous catheter replacement was not inferior to routine (96 hours) replacement regarding phlebitis occurrence, and was associated with significantly less phlebitis per 1000 days. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02568670).

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BACKGROUND: Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is an established therapy for patients with refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). One complication related to the use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is thrombosis despite proper anticoagulation. We report the diagnosis and management of a clot-obstruction in a single site cannula placed through the internal jugular vein, guided by transesophageal echocardiography. CASE REPORT: A 39 year-old male developed acute respiratory distress syndrome and hemodynamic instability after an episode of pulmonary aspiration in the ICU. Eight hours after placement of a single site veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, suddenly the perfusionist noticed a reduction in flow. TEE showed a thrombus-like mass obstructing the inflow port in SVC and inflow at IVC was intact. After unsuccessful attempts to reposition the cannula, the team decided to insert additional femoral inflow cannula through the IVC. The single site catheter was then pulled out until its tip was positioned in the right atrium and all three ports of the catheter were switched to the infusion ports. After this, flows and oxygenation improved significantly. Unfortunately, despite all of the efforts, the patient died 2 days later. DISCUSSION: The diagnosis of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannula obstruction is based on reduced inflow rates, hemodynamic instability and poor oxygenation of blood. TEE allows evaluation of the flows inside the cannula and in this case, an obstruction was found. The management presented points to the fact that in a situation of catheter obstruction caused by a clot, there is a feasible alternative to assure minimal interruption of the hemodynamic support offered by the veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

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Abstract Background: Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is an established therapy for patients with refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). One complication related to the use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is thrombosis despite proper anticoagulation. We report the diagnosis and management of a clot-obstruction in a single site cannula placed through the internal jugular vein, guided by transesophageal echocardiography. Case report: A 39 year-old male developed acute respiratory distress syndrome and hemodynamic instability after an episode of pulmonary aspiration in the ICU. Eight hours after placement of a single site veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, suddenly the perfusionist noticed a reduction in flow. TEE showed a thrombus-like mass obstructing the inflow port in SVC and inflow at IVC was intact. After unsuccessful attempts to reposition the cannula, the team decided to insert additional femoral inflow cannula through the IVC. The single site catheter was then pulled out until its tip was positioned in the right atrium and all three ports of the catheter were switched to the infusion ports. After this, flows and oxygenation improved significantly. Unfortunately, despite all of the efforts, the patient died 2 days later. Discussion: The diagnosis of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannula obstruction is based on reduced inflow rates, hemodynamic instability and poor oxygenation of blood. TEE allows evaluation of the flows inside the cannula and in this case, an obstruction was found. The management presented points to the fact that in a situation of catheter obstruction caused by a clot, there is a feasible alternative to assure minimal interruption of the hemodynamic support offered by the veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Resumo Justificativa: A oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea veno-venosa é terapia estabelecida para pacientes com a síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo. Uma complicação relacionada ao uso da oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea veno-venosa é trombose apesar de anti-coagulação adequada. Relatamos o diagnóstico e conduta em obstrução por coágulo em cânula de acesso único inserida pela veia jugular interna, guiada por ecocardiografia transesofageana. Relato de caso: Paciente do sexo masculino de 39 anos desenvolveu síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo e instabilidade hemodinâmica após episódio de aspiração pulmonar na UTI. Oito horas após a instalação de oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea veno-venosa de acesso único, o perfusionista notou repentina redução no fluxo. A ETE revelou massa semelhante a um trombo obstruindo o portal de fluxo de entrada na VCS e o fluxo de saída na VCI estava intacto. Após tentativas sem sucesso para reposicionar a cânula, a equipe decidiu inserir cânula de entrada de fluxo adicional pela VCI. O catéter de acesso único foi, então, puxado até que sua ponta se posicionasse no átrio direito e todos os três portais do catéter fossem transferidos para os portais de infusão. A seguir, os fluxos e oxigenação melhoraram significativamente. Infelizmente, apesar dos esforços, o paciente foi a óbito 2 dias depois. Discussão: O diagnóstico de obstrução de cânula da oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea veno-venosa se baseia em velocidades reduzidas de entrada de fluxo, instabilidade hemodinâmica e oxigenação pobre do sangue. A ETE permite a avaliação dos fluxos dentro da cânula, e nesse caso foi encontrada obstrução. A técnica apresentada aponta para o fato de que em situação de obstrução de catéter causada por coágulo, existe alternativa factível para garantir interrrupção mínima do suporte hemodinâmico oferecido pela oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea veno-venosa.

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RESUMO OBJETIVO: identificar temas para práticas educativas sobre cuidados domiciliares às crianças com leucemia em uso de cateter semi-implantado na perspectiva de familiares cuidadores. MÉTODO: estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa realizado com 11 familiares de crianças com leucemia em uso de cateter venoso semi-implantado. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, processados no software IRAMUTEQ e analisados por meio da Classificação Hierárquica Descendente (CHD). RESULTADOS: foram obtidas sete classes da CHD nas quais foram identificados os seguintes temas: higienização das mãos e curativo do cateter, cuidados para manter o curativo do cateter em casa; fixação do cateter; cuidados com o cateter no banho; e sentimentos relacionados a complicações com o cateter. CONCLUSÃO: ao identificar esses temas, o enfermeiro tem a possibilidade de intervir na melhora da assistência domiciliar a essas crianças, pautado nas reais necessidades desses familiares, contribuindo para fornecer-lhes mais segurança na sua vivência.

RESUMEN OBJETIVO: identificar temas para prácticas educativas sobrecuidados domiciliaros paraniñoscon leucemia con catéter venoso centralsemi-implantable desde la perspectiva de los cuidadores familiares. MÉTODO: estudio descriptivo deenfoque cualitativo realizado con 11 familiares de niños con leucemia y catéter venoso central semi-implantable. Los datos se recogierona través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, procesadas en el software IRAMUTEQ y analizadas según el método de laclasificación jerárquica descendiente (CJD). RESULTADOS: se obtuvieron siete clases de CJD en las que se identificaron los siguientes temas: higiene de las manos y vendaje del catéter, cuidados para mantener el vendaje del catéter en casa; fijación del catéter; cuidadoscon el catéter durante el baño; y sentimientos relacionados a las complicaciones con el catéter. CONCLUSIÓN: al identificar los temas el enfermerotiene la posibilidad deinteferir en los servicios de atención domiciliariade estos niños en función de las necesidades reales de los familiares, contribuyendo a brindarles mayor seguridad ensu vivencia.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: to identify themes for educational practices on home care for children with leukemia using a semi-implanted catheter from the perspective of family caregivers. METHOD: a descriptive study with a qualitative approach carried out with 11 relatives of children with leukemia using a semi-implanted venous catheter. The data were obtained through semi-structured interviews, processed in the IRAMUTEQ software, and analyzed using the Descending Hierarchical Classification (DHC). RESULTS: seven DHC classes were obtained in which the following themes were identified: hand hygiene and catheter dressing, care to keep the catheter dressing at home; catheter fixation; care of the catheter in the bath; and feelings related to complications with the catheter. CONCLUSION: when identifying these themes, the nurse has the possibility to intervene in improving home care for these children, based on the real needs of these family members, contributing to provide them with more security in their living experience.

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BACKGROUND: The three-way indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) is used for continuous bladder irrigation and is considered the cornerstone for clinical treatment of patients with macroscopic hematuria. Although there seems to be a logical relationship between catheter size and efficacy of irrigation and drainage, we often observe relevant variations in these parameters between different brands of catheters available on the market. The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical properties of different models of latex and silicone three-way catheters in an in vitro setting that resembles clinical use. METHODS: Three different three-way catheters were evaluated: Gold Silicone-Coated Rusch® (Model A), 100% Silicone Rusch® (Model B) and X-Flow Coloplast® (Model C). Irrigation channel, drainage channel, and overall cross-sectional areas were all digitally measured. Irrigation and drainage channel flow rates were measured and correlated with their corresponding catheter cross-sectional area values. RESULTS: Different catheter models of the same caliber have different internal irrigation port diameters, internal drainage port diameters and internal cuff port diameters. The Model C IUC internal irrigation port diameter is significantly larger than models A and B. When flows were evaluated, we found that in the same model, the increase in caliber of the IUC was related to an increased drainage flow, but not to an increased irrigation flow. CONCLUSION: Precise measurements of the internal architecture of the three-way catheter, rather than relying on the caliber itself, could assist surgeons in choosing the best product for each specific patient, while minimizing complications.

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BACKGROUND: Short-term (ST) and long-term tunneled (LTT) central venous catheters for hemodialysis (CVCH) are critical for hemodialysis therapy. However, few studies have been conducted in Brazil to investigate the incidence of complications with these two types of catheters. OBJECTIVES: To analyze complications and duration of CVCH in a hemodialysis center at a teaching hospital. METHODS: Single-center, longitudinal, and retrospective study of 115 consecutive patients undergoing hemodialysis catheter placement (67 ST and 48 LTT) over a 2-year period, analyzing overall survival, patency, loss of access, and incidence of complications. RESULTS: Sixty percent of the patients were male and mean age was 62 years. The most common puncture site was the right internal jugular vein. Systemic arterial hypertension was present in 95% of cases. Median catheter in-place duration was 50 days (ST) vs. 112 days (LTT; p < 0.0001). There was no difference in overall survival. Incidence of catheter-related infection was higher in ST CVCH, with Staphylococcus sp. the microorganism most often found. The infection rate per 1000 days was higher in ST than in LTT catheters (16.7 events/1000 days vs. 7.0 events/1000 days). Low income was the only factor related to higher incidence of infection. CONCLUSIONS: The in-place duration of long-term catheters was significantly longer compared to short-term CVCH, but still below the values reported in the literature and without impact on overall survival. Low income was a factor associated with catheter infection.