RESUMO
Goats have played a key role as source of nourishment for humans in their expansion all over the world in long land and sea trips. This has guaranteed a place for this species in the important and rapid episode of livestock expansion triggered by Columbus' arrival in the Americas in the late 1400s. The aims of this study are to provide a comprehensive perspective on genetic diversity in American goat populations and to assess their origins and evolutionary trajectories. This was achieved by combining data from autosomal neutral genetic markers obtained in more than two thousand samples that encompass a wide range of Iberian, African and Creole goat breeds. In general, even though Creole populations differ clearly from each other, they lack a strong geographical pattern of differentiation, such that populations of different admixed ancestry share relatively close locations throughout the large geographical range included in this study. Important Iberian signatures were detected in most Creole populations studied, and many of them, particularly the Cuban Creole, also revealed an important contribution of African breeds. On the other hand, the Brazilian breeds showed a particular genetic structure and were clearly separated from the other Creole populations, with some influence from Cape Verde goats. These results provide a comprehensive characterisation of the present structure of goat genetic diversity, and a dissection of the Iberian and African influences that gave origin to different Creole caprine breeds, disentangling an important part of their evolutionary history. Creole breeds constitute an important reservoir of genetic diversity that justifies the development of appropriate management systems aimed at improving performance without loss of genomic diversity.
Assuntos
Cruzamento , Variação Genética , Cabras , Animais , Brasil , Marcadores Genéticos , Cabras/genética , FilogeniaRESUMO
The ability to predict the effects of climatic factors on animals and their adaptability is important for livestock production. The aim of the present study was to analyze whether existing indices are suitable for evaluating heat stress in Santa Ines and Morada Nova sheep, which are locally adapted hair sheep breeds from northeastern Brazil, and if the limits used to classify thermal stress are suitable for these breeds. Therefore, climatic, physiological, and physical parameters, as well as thermographic images, were collected in 26 sheep, 1 1/2 years old, from two genetic groups (Santa Ines 12 males and 4 females; Morada Nov. 7 males and 3 females) for 3 days in both morning (4:00 a.m.) and afternoon (2:00 p.m.) with six repetitions, totalizing 156 repetitions. Statistical analysis included correlations and broken-line regressions. Iberia and Benezra indices were the tolerance tests that best correlated with the assessed parameters. High correlations between environmental indices and rectal or skin surface temperatures was observed, which indicates that these indices can be used for Santa Ines and Morada Nova sheep raised in central Brazil. However, some indicative values of thermal discomfort are different from the existing classification. Therefore, in order to classify appropriately, the model used needs to be carefully studied, because these classifying values can vary according to the species and model. Further research is necessary to establish indicators of thermal stress for sheep breeds raised in the region.
Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Meio Ambiente , Carneiro Doméstico/fisiologia , Termotolerância , Animais , Brasil , Feminino , Masculino , Carneiro Doméstico/genética , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Con motivo de cumplir los dos primeros años de vida, se realiza una reseña de SILAT como programa científico y educativo que sirve de instrumento para analizar y solucionar los problemas de la terminología médica morfológica en los países de habla hispana y portuguesa de América. Se describen los fundamentos de su creación, su estrategia y el alcance en la región, los años fundacionales y su futuro inmediato. Finalmente, se señalan algunas conclusiones y se anexa su Estatuto.
On the occasion of meeting the first two years of life, it makes a review of SILAT as scientific and educational program that serves as a tool to analyze and solve the problems of morphological medical terminology in the countries of Hispanic and Portuguese-speaking America. It describes the basis of its creation, strategy and scope in the region, the founding years and its immediate future. Finally, some conclusions are indicated and it Statute is annexed.
Assuntos
Anatomia , Congressos como Assunto , Terminologia como Assunto , Embriologia , Histologia , América Latina , EspanhaRESUMO
Embora as relações do intelectual espanhol Miguel de Unamuno com Portugal tenham recebido bastante atenção crítica, o enfoque dessa tem sido a afirmação do interesse, mantido por décadas, de Unamuno pela terra e pela literatura portuguesa, e a confirmação de relações de influência entre Unamuno e escritores portugueses destacados. Longe disso, neste trabalho consideraremos como Unamuno incorpora Portugal numa concepção geral da Ibéria como unidade dialética, e demonstraremos como seu uso de um vocabulário corporal, de carne y hueso, contribui para dar sentido pleno à sua visão de tal Ibéria dialética, na qual Portugal desempenha um papel integral.
While the topic of the Spanish intellectual Miguel de Unamuno's relationship with Portugal has received a good deal of scholarly attention, this has focused on affirming Unamuno's longstanding interest in Portuguese literature and history, and on confirming the existence of relationships of influence between Unamuno and prominent Portuguese writers. This paper, instead, will consider how Unamuno fits Portugal into his broader vision of Iberia as a dialectical unity, and will demonstrate how Unamuno's use of a corporeal vocabulary, of carne y hueso, contributes to the fleshing out of his vision of a dialectical Iberia, in which Portugal plays an integral role.