RESUMO
Curcuma Longa (CL) has been used for hundreds of years by native people from Rapa Nui for the treatment of different illness. Despite this plant was introduced from Polynesia or India, there is still scarce information about its origin. The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic variation of three CL ecotypes based on molecular phylogenetic and genotypification using internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and simple sequence repeats (SSR). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of rhizomes and leaves extracts of three CL plants were analyzed by spectrophotometric methods and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibition assay. Complementarily, we predicted the potential binding mode and binding energy of curcuminoids and nonsteroidals anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) into COX-2 via molecular docking. The ITS2 sequence shows two major clusters (I and II), group I consisted of Curcuma haritha and group II consisted of different species of Curcuma and Rapa Nui samples (MR-1, MR-2 and RK-2). Results of SSR markers show that genotype MR-2 was similar to MR-1 and RK-2 with 70.8 and 42.9% similarity, whereas genotype was similar to RK-2, MR-1 and MR-2 with 63.9, 43.2 and 42.9% similarity, respectively. MR-1 have better antioxidant and autoinflammatory activity than rest of CL samples due to its high concentration of polyphenols (33.68 mg/g) and curcumin (29.69 mg/g). Furthermore, docking results show that three curcuminoids of CL and selective NAIDs, as celecoxib, etodolac and meloxicam, share the same binding pocket into COX-2. However, three curcuminoids have a lower ΔGbinding than other COX-2 selective NAIDs as etodolac and meloxicam, except for Coxib family as valdecoxib, celecoxib and rofecoxib. Our findings suggest MR-1, MR-2 and MK-2 from Germplasm Bank (Mataveri Otai of CONAF) are closely related to Curcuma amada and Curcuma montana even though they have genetic variability.
RESUMO
Abstract ITS2 (Internal transcribed spacer 2) sequences have been used in systematic studies and proved to be useful in providing a reliable identification of Trichogramma species. DNAr sequences ranged in size from 379 to 632 bp. In eleven T. pretiosum lines Wolbachia-induced parthenogenesis was found for the first time. These thelytokous lines were collected in Peru (9), Colombia (1) and USA (1). A dichotomous key for species identification was built based on the size of the ITS2 PCR product and restriction analysis using three endonucleases (EcoRI, MseI and MaeI). This molecular technique was successfully used to distinguish among seventeen native/introduced Trichogramma species collected in South America.
Resumo Sequências do Espaço Transcrito Interno 2 (ITS2) têm sido utilizadas em estudos taxonômicos e sua utilidade constatada pela confiabilidade que o método confere à identificação das espécies de Trichogramma. Esta técnica molecular foi bem sucedida em distinguir dezessete espécies nativas e introduzidas de Trichogramma, coletadas na América do Sul. As sequências do DNAr variaram de 379 a 632 pb. Em 11 linhagens de T. pretiosum estudadas, o endosinbionte Wolbachia foi detectado pela primeira vez. Estas linhagens telítocas foram encontradas no Peru (9), Colômbia (1) e Estados Unidos (1). Uma chave dicotômica para identificação de espécies foi construída baseada no tamanho do produto da PCR do ITS2 e em análises de restrição utilizando-se três endonucleases (EcoRI, MseI and MaeI).
Assuntos
Animais , Vespas/classificação , Vespas/fisiologia , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Partenogênese , Análise de Sequência de DNA , América do Sul , Vespas/genética , Vespas/microbiologia , Wolbachia/fisiologiaRESUMO
ITS2 (Internal transcribed spacer 2) sequences have been used in systematic studies and proved to be useful in providing a reliable identification of Trichogramma species. DNAr sequences ranged in size from 379 to 632 bp. In eleven T. pretiosum lines Wolbachia-induced parthenogenesis was found for the first time. These thelytokous lines were collected in Peru (9), Colombia (1) and USA (1). A dichotomous key for species identification was built based on the size of the ITS2 PCR product and restriction analysis using three endonucleases (EcoRI, MseI and MaeI). This molecular technique was successfully used to distinguish among seventeen native/introduced Trichogramma species collected in South America.(AU)
Sequências do Espaço Transcrito Interno 2 (ITS2) têm sido utilizadas em estudos taxonômicos e sua utilidade constatada pela confiabilidade que o método confere à identificação das espécies de Trichogramma. Esta técnica molecular foi bem sucedida em distinguir dezessete espécies nativas e introduzidas de Trichogramma, coletadas na América do Sul. As sequências do DNAr variaram de 379 a 632 pb. Em 11 linhagens de T. pretiosum estudadas, o endosinbionte Wolbachia foi detectado pela primeira vez. Estas linhagens telítocas foram encontradas no Peru (9), Colômbia (1) e Estados Unidos (1). Uma chave dicotômica para identificação de espécies foi construída baseada no tamanho do produto da PCR do ITS2 e em análises de restrição utilizando-se três endonucleases (EcoRI, MseI and MaeI).(AU)