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This study aimed to conduct a scoping review to know children and adolescents' main oral health concerns with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and thus identify any oral characteristic that stands out, aiming at preventive and interceptive clinical conduct. A search was performed in the three electronic databases and the gray literature; in September 2021. A total of 562 studies were identified, and after applying the eligibility criteria, 73 articles were included in the synthesis of this scoping review. The mean decayed, lost, and restored teeth index (DMFT/dfmt) ranged from 0 to 12.37; the mean DMFT index (permanent dentition) from 0.06 to 6.2; and the average dmft index (deciduous dentition) ranged from 0.29 to 9.91. The mean simplified oral hygiene index (OHIS) ranged from 0 to 3.4; gingival index (GI) from 0.29 to 2; and plaque index (PI) from 0.005 to 3.15. Plaque prevalence was 25.9% to 90%; dental calculus from 4.7% to 59.41%; gingivitis from 36.7% to 100%. Bruxism was 10.3% to 73%, and dental trauma was 4.7% to 100%. This disparity in the results shows the heterogeneity of this population, with different degrees of socio-behavioral impairment, which can directly influence oral hygiene and the consequent accumulation of biofilm.

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OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the literature about the antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of new and worn manual toothbrushes. METHODS: Five databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials, involving adults, comparing the clinical efficacy of new and worn manual toothbrushes. Experimental groups need to have different usage time in changing their manual toothbrush. Two reviewers performed studies selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment independently. Meta-analyses were performed comparing the toothbrushes after a single use (antiplaque efficacy) and after multiple uses (antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy). RESULTS: Eight studies were included, totalling 344 individuals. In studies with a single-use design, no statistically difference was found between new and worn toothbrushes for antiplaque efficacy (SMD:-0.39; 95%CI:-0.80 to 0.03). Studies with a multiple-use design showed no statistically difference between groups for the antigingivitis efficacy (MD:-0.10; 95%CI:-0.24 to 0.03). However, higher antiplaque efficacy was demonstrated in new toothbrushes in the studies with a multiple-use design (SMD:-0.75; 95%CI:-1.37 to -0.14). The certainty of the evidence ranged from very low (antiplaque) to low (antigingivitis). CONCLUSION: New and worn toothbrushes presented similar antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy. However, further randomized controlled trials, with a lower risk of bias, are needed to enhance the certainty of this evidence.

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RESUMEN Introducción. La caries dental y las enfermedades gingivales son las patologías más comunes en la población mundial y se ha demostrado que las prácticas de higiene oral pueden controlarlas y prevenirlas Objetivo. Diseñar una estrategia educativa de prevención de enfermedades bucales e implementar en forma piloto en el personal de limpieza de la Universidad del Pacífico en Paraguay. Metodología. Estudio de intervención cuasiexperimental en el personal de limpieza de la Universidad del Pacífico en el periodo 2021. Se registraron índices CPOD y de O´Leary para establecer diagnóstico. Cada paciente recibió elementos de higiene bucal y semanalmente recibía mensajes, fotos y videos motivadores vía WhatsApp. Resultados. Participaron 13 individuos de entre 21 y 48 años, 69% del sexo femenino. Se realizaron 6 talleres con insumos para cada participante. El 49% de los participantes logró el objetivo de llegar al 20% del índice de O´Leary y el 40% de ellos reducir el 50% el índice Caries y el 100% de los que completaron los talleres resolvió la gingivitis. De 6 talleres realizados, 3 participantes acudieron al 100% de las actividades Conclusión. El cepillado dental bajo supervisión e instrucciones sencillas disminuye el Índice de O´Leary y controla la gingivitis. El uso de teléfonos celulares para realizar seguimiento y dar motivación constante compartiendo mensajes recordatorios, reflexiones positivas, imágenes de sonrisas agradables y videos demostrativos, evidenció ser altamente efectivo promover la constancia de los cuidados de salud bucal, sin embargo, no hubo impacto sobre la cantidad de caries activas presentes.

ABSTRACT Introduction. Dental caries and periodontal disease are the most common oral pathologies affecting the global population and it is proven that a good oral hygiene practices can control and prevent them. Objective. to design an educative strategy to prevent oral diseases and experimentally implement it with the cleaning workers of the Universidad del Pacífico in Paraguay. Methodology. Interventional quasi-experimental study with the cleaning workers at Universidad del Pacífico in 2021. DMF and O´Leary Indexes were measured to stablish diagnosis. Each patient received oral hygiene supplies in every control meeting. They also received weekly messages, photos, videos via WhatsApp. Results. 13 people between 21 to 48 years old participated in this study. 69% of them were female. 6 workshops were conducted where each individual received hygiene supplies. 49% of the participants achieved the goal of reducing to 20% or less in the O´Leary Index and 40% reduced their Decay Index to 50% and all the individuals who suffered initially from gingivitis were no longer affected by it at the end of the study. Out of 6 workshops, only 3 people participated in all of them. Conclusion. Supervised tooth brushing can help diminishing O´Leary index and controls gingivitis. It was proven that the use of cell phones to communicate with the participants with texting, photos or videos to promote the strategy and to rise the spirit was very helpful, nonetheless there were no impact over the amount of tooth decays.

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OBJECTIVE: In orthodontic patients submitted to oral hygiene instruction, what is the efficacy of orthodontic toothbrush (O-TB) versus conventional toothbrush (C-TB) on plaque and gingival index reduction in randomized and non-randomized controlled clinical trials? METHODS: Electronic database search was performed on PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. Database research, study selection, data extraction and ROBINS-I and Risk of Bias Tool 2.0 analysis were conducted by two independently examiners in duplicate. Two different meta-analyses were performed for plaque index and gingival index, followed by the analysis of overall quality of the evidence using GRADE. RESULTS: A total of 158 studies were identified for screening; six articles were included in qualitative synthesis, and of those, three were subjected to a quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis). Three non-randomized studies presented an overall 'low', 'moderate' and 'high' risk of bias for each one of the articles, and the three randomized clinical trials presented 'low risk' for two articles and 'some concerns' quality for the other one. The overall strength of evidence was ranked 'very low' quality for plaque index and gingival index subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Gingival bleeding is not modified by orthodontic design toothbrush, but there is circumstantial scientific evidence for recommending the use of an O-TB instead a C-TB based on the analysis of plaque index control. Although major plaque removal of the O-TB was validated by meta-analysis, this improvement is not completely clarified which calls for further clinical studies to assess the effects of using an O-TB compared with a C-TB.

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Abstract Objective: To explore the clinical pattern, host factors, and presentation of Streptococcus mutans related to caries incidence among children and adults visiting Universitas Airlangga dental clinic. Material and Methods: This was an observational study with a cross-sectional approach with 50 patients in each group of carious children (6-12 years) and adults (18-35 years). Dental decay samples were taken by sterile excavator, put in a BHI's transport medium, and directly incubated overnight at 37 ºC. The next day, they were sub-cultured microbiologically in Tryptone Yeast Cystine Sucrose Bacitracin (TYCSB) selective medium. Bacterial species and serogroups were examined by PCR. All patient's data were collected from medical records and direct observation. Results: Caries were mostly media type in both children and adults. Oral hygiene (OHIS) in children was higher than in adults but not significantly different according to their DMFT. The highest scores for decay, missed and filled teeth were 16, 8 and 7, with an average of 6.82, 1.22 and 0.63, considered quite high. Conclusion: The prevalence of S. mutans was higher in children's caries than in adults, but among the adult patients the co-incidence of S. mutans and S. sobrinus was associated with higher DMFT. The mutans serotypes e, f, and d were more prevalent among children than adults.

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Objetivo. Evaluar indicadores de salud oral en niños y adolescentes con parálisis cerebral en Lima-Perú. Métodos. Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal de una muestra de 171 pacientes de dos centros de referencia nacional especializados, periodo 2012- 2013, que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Para los índices de higiene oral (IHO) de Greene & Vermillion, índice de dientes cariados, perdidos y obturados (CPOD) y análisis de maloclusión dentaria (MD) se evaluaron 126 niños (6,0-11,9 años) y 45 adolescentes (12,0-19,0 años). Resultados. El IHO fue de 2,55 (malo) en el 91,8%, IHO regular en el 8,2% y ninguno mostró IHO bueno, observándose el mismo comportamiento en ambos grupos etarios. La prevalencia de caries fue 100% y CPOD de 4,55 ±1,56; los niños registraron CPOD de 4,52 ±1,537 y los adolescentes CPOD de 4,64 ±1,626. El 74,3% mostró MD, los niños evidenciaron MD en el 69,8% y los adolescentes mostraron 86,7%. En los niños, se observó relación molar (RM) Clase I derecha en el 42,1% e izquierda en el 44,4%; los adolescentes evidenciaron RM Clase III derecha en el 42,2% e izquierda en el 37,8%. Para los niños, el overbite (OB) no fue registrable en el 33,3% y normal en el 29,4%; en adolescentes, se registró OB normal en el 40%. Se observó con mayor frecuencia línea media dentaria desviada hacia el lado izquierdo. Conclusiones. En la mayoría de niños y adolescentes con parálisis cerebral de centros especializados se encontró alto índice de caries CPOD, mala higiene oral y presencia de maloclusiones.

Objective. To evaluate oral health indicators in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy in Lima-Peru. Methods. An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of a sample of 171 patients from two specialized national referral centers for the 2012- 2013 period who met the inclusion criteria. For the Greene & Vermillion oral hygiene index (OHI), decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) and the dental malocclusion (DM) analysis, 126 children (6.0-11.9 years-old) and 45 adolescents (12.0-19.0 years- old) were evaluated. Results. The OHI was 2.55 (poor hygiene) in the 91.8%, regular OHI in the 8.2% and no one showed a good IHO, observing the same behavior in both age groups. The prevalence of caries was 100% and the DMFT was 4.55 ± 1.56; the children registered a DMFT of 4.52 ± 1.537 and the adolescents 4.64 ± 1.626. The DM was present in 74.3%; the children showed a 69,8% of DM and the adolescents showed 86.7%. In children, a right class I molar relationship (MR) was observed in 42.1% and a left MR in 44.4%; the adolescents showed right Class III in 42.2% and left in 37.8%. In children, the overbite (OB) was not registered in the 33.3% of the cases and it was normal in the 29.4%; the adolescents registered a normal OB in 40%. It was more frequently observed a deviation of the dental midline to the left. Conclusions. In most children and adolescents with cerebral palsy from specialized centers, a high index of DMFT caries, poor oral hygiene and the presence of malocclusions were found.

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En México las enfermedades orales se encuentran entre las de mayor demanda de atención en los servicios de salud, presentándose en las poblaciones de trabajadores migrantes mayor vulnerabilidad en cuestiones de salud. El alfabetismo funcional en salud oral es la capacidad que los individuos poseen para obtener, procesar y comprender la información de los servicios de salud básica, reflejándose en su salud. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el estado de higiene oral y su relación con el nivel de alfabetismo funcional (OHLA-S) en salud oral de los trabajadores agrícolas migrantes mexicanos. Estudio de corte transversal, con un tamaño de muestra de 208 sujetos elegidos por conveniencia y calculada con base a un OR esperado. Se incluyeron a sujetos de 18 años o más, con consentimiento informado. Las variables estudiadas fueron: autocuidado, OHLA-S, índice de higiene oral simplificado (IHO-S) e índice periodontal comunitario (IPC). Se aplicó estadística descriptiva y analítica. El 53,0 % de la muestra fueron hombres. La media de edad fue de 30,7±10,8 años. Los promedios de alfabetismo funcional en salud oral, del índice de higiene y del índice periodontal comunitario fueron de 7,8±6,9; 1,7±1,0; y 2,0±0,7 respectivamente. La regresión lineal múltiple del IPC muestra que edad y puntaje del OHLA-S explican el 22,0 % de la varianza y el OHLA-S influye indirectamente en el IHO-S. El promedio del índice de higiene oral de los trabajadores agrícolas migrantes fue bueno y el promedio del índice periodontal comunitario reflejó presencia de gingivitis. Así mismo, presentaron un puntaje bajo de alfabetismo funcional en salud oral; Sin embargo el alfabetismo funcional en salud oral se relacionó de forma significativa con el estado periodontal.

In Mexico, oral health disease is among the greatest health care demands in health services. These are evident in the higher vulnerability of migrant worker populations regarding major healthcare issues. Oral health literacy (OHL) is the ability of individuals to obtain, process and understand information of basic health services. The aim of the study was to ascertain the state of oral hygiene and its relation with the level of oral health literacy of Mexican migrant farm workers. A cross-sectional study was carried out, with a sample size of 208 subjects selected for convenience and calculated by the expected OR. Subjects 18 years of age or older with signed informed consent were included. The variables studied were: Oral health literacy, simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) and Community Index of Periodontal (CPI). Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed. In this evaluation, 53.0 % of the sample were men. The mean age was 30.7±10.8 years. The average oral health literacy was 7.8±6.9, the average hygiene index was 1.7±1.0 and the community periodontal index was 2.0±0.7. The multiple linear regression of the CPI shows that the age and OHLA-S scores account for 22.0 % of the variance and the OHLA-S indirectly influences the IHO-S. This study reflects the importance of performing health interventions focused not only on oral health knowledge, but also considering the age of the individual and maintaining open future lines of research on this subject in different populations.

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Resumen Introducción: La salud bucal tiene una relación dinámica con la salud general y la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Objetivo del estudio realizado fue determinar el índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado en niños de 6 años de edad de la parroquia Chiquintad del cantón Cuenca, en el año 2016. Métodos: Se manejó una muestra de 51 escolares de ambos sexos, se utilizó el Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado de Greene y Vermillion aplicado en dentición decidua que consta de un índice de placa blanda y el índice de placa calcificada. Conclusiones: La media de IHO-S en la parroquia Chiquintad fue 0,458 sin presentar una diferencia significativa entre los sexos. El nivel de higiene oral fue bueno en ambos sexos (90%), no se presentó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre ambos (valor p 0,389).

Abstract Introduction: Oral health has a dynamic relationship with the general health and quality of life of patients. Objective: of the study was to determine the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index in 6-year-old children of the Chiquintad of the Cantón Cuenca, in the year 2016. Methods: A sample of 51 schoolchildren of both sexes was used, the Hygiene Index was used Simplified oral of Greene and Vermillion applied in deciduous dentition consisting of a soft plaque index and calcified plaque index. Conclusions: The mean of IHO-S in the Chiquintad parish was 0.458 without presenting a significant difference between the sexes. The level of oral hygiene was good in both sexes (90%), there was no statistically significant difference between the two (p value 0.389).

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Introducción: Se ha documentado que, para tener mejores resultados en el control del biofilm oral, es necesario el uso de controles químicos, antes o después del cepillado dental. Entre éstos, encontramos los enjuagues de aceites esenciales. Objetivo: Determinar la actividad del enjuague con aceites esenciales antes o después del cepillado, en el control del biofilm dental. Material y métodos: El estudio se realizó con 27 voluntarios. Los participantes fueron seleccionados y agrupados. El grupo 1 fue el control, que empleó su técnica de cepillado habitual y dos grupos experimentales que, además del cepillado con dentífrico, usaron un enjuague de aceites esenciales durante ocho días, ya sea antes (grupo 2) o después del cepillado dental (grupo 3). La cuantificación del número de superficies teñidas en los tres grupos, tanto el estado inicial como posterior al uso de los enjuagues, se hizo con el índice de O'Leary y un revelador de placa tritonal, el cual permitió la observación del biofilm de forma clínica, así como su grado de patogenicidad. Resultados y conclusión: El análisis estadístico estableció que no existe diferencia significativa entre no usar y usar el enjuague con aceites esenciales antes o después del cepillado (AU)

Introduction: It has been documented that, to have better results in the control of oral biofilm, it is necessary to use chemical control, before or after tooth brushing. Among these, we find the essential oil rinses. Objective: To determine the activity of the rinse with essential oils before or after brushing, in the control of the dental biofilm. Material and methods: The study was conducted with 27 volunteers. The participants were selected and grouped. Group 1 was the control, which used its usual brushing technique and two experimental groups that, in addition to brushing with toothpaste, used a mouthwash of essential oils, for eight days, either before (group 2) or after tooth brushing (group number 3). For the quantification of the number of stained surfaces in the three groups, to record both the initial and subsequent state of the use of the rinses, it was done with the O'Leary index and a tritonal developer, which allowed the observation of the biofilm of clinical form, as well as its degree of pathogenicity. Results and conclusion: The statistical analysis established that there is no significant difference between not using and using the rinse with essential oils before or after brushing (AU)

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Abstract Objective: To evaluate the oral health status of 12-year-old schoolchildren in Kosovo. Material and Methods: The study involved 1204 schoolchildren aged 12 years from urban and rural areas, from different cities of Kosovo. The questionnaire included demographic data, gender, residence, dental status, oral hygiene, and daily brushing habits. The feasibility of the questionnaire was verified replicating it on 10% of the sample. Daily brushing habits were reported to frequency: as once per day, twice a day and rarely. Caries status was recorded in permanent dentition as DMFT and Oral Hygiene Index - Simplified (OHI-S) was used to assess oral hygiene status. The analysis included occurrences and means. The differences among means were tested using the student t-test (p<0.05). Results: The highest mean and standard deviation of DMFT and OHI-S index was found among rural schoolboys 3.67 ± 1.98 and OHI-S 1.75. In total sample, 54.1% of them brush their teeth only once a day, 39.7 % brush their teeth twice a day and only 6.2 % rarely brush their teeth. Conclusion: Preventive measures are needed to improve dental health in 12 years old schoolchildren.

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Objetivo: Determinar el Índice de Higiene Oral en escolares de 12 años, de la Parroquia Checa del Cantón Cuenca, Provincia del Azuay ­ Ecuador, 2016. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal; la técnica empleada para determinar el estado del perfil epidemiológico fue observacional. Los indicadores se lograron obtener por una encuesta estructurada. Resultados: De los 109 escolares de 12 años encuestados se observó un ligero predominio del sexo femenino (58%) sobre el sexo masculino (42%). Además, se determinó que el 47,7% presenta una buena higiene oral, el 36,7% una higiene oral excelente, el 14,7% una higiene oral regular y el 0,9% una mala higiene oral, dando como resultado que más de la mitad de los escolares presentan un IHO bueno y excelente. Conclusión: Existe un mayor número de escolares con higiene oral buena sin encontrar variación significativa en cuanto al sexo masculino con el femenino.

Objective: To determine the Oral Hygiene Index in schoolchildren aged 12,from the Checa parish of Canton Cuenca, Province of Azuay, Ecuador, 2016. Materials and methods: Descriptive crosssectional study; the observational technique was applied to determinethe state of the epidemiological profile. The indicators were obtained through astructured survey. Results: In the 109 schoolchildren surveyed, there was as light predominance of females (58%) over males (42%). In addition, 47.7% presented good oral hygiene, 36.7% excellent oral hygiene, 14.7% regular oralhygiene and 0.9% poor oral hygiene, therefore, over half the students presenta good or excellent OHI. Conclusion: Most schoolchildren have good oral hygiene, and there are no significant variations in terms of sex.

Objetivo: Determinar o Índice de Higiene Oral em escolares de 12 anos, da Vila Checa do cidade de Cuenca, Estado de Azuay- Equador, 2016. Materiais e métodos: Estudo descritivo transversal; A técnica utilizada para determinar o status do perfil epidemiológico foi observacional. Os indicadores foram obtidos por meio de uma pesquisa estruturada. Resultados: Dos 109 escolares de 12 anos pesquisados, observouse discreto predomínio do sexo feminino (58%) em relação ao sexo masculino (42%). Além disso, determinou-se que 47,7% apresentavam boa higiene bucal, 36,7% excelente higiene bucal, 14,7% higiene bucal regular e 0,9% má higiene bucal, resultando em mais da metade dos estudantes apresentam um bom e excelente IHO.Conclusão: Existe um número maior de escolares com boa higiene bucal sem encontrar variação significativa no sexo masculino com o feminino.

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La detección y cuantificación de placa dental bacteriana se considera básica en la práctica de la estomatología. El índice O'Leary constituye una herramienta sencilla que mide la cantidad de placa dental bacteriana en los dientes, y resulta uno de los más efectivos en la evaluación de la higiene bucal. La connotación que tiene la higiene bucal en varias esferas de la vida quizás llevó a que este índice fuera bautizado en Cuba como índice de Love (Amor); por lo que nos proponemos esclarecer la conveniencia del empleo de la denominación internacional de este(AU)

Detection and quantification of bacterial dental plaque is considered to be crucial in dental practice. The O'Leary index is a simple tool to measure the amount of bacterial dental plaque on teeth and one of the most effective means to evaluate oral hygiene. The connotation of oral hygiene in several spheres of life is probably the reason why this index is also known in Cuba as the Love Index. We intend to shed light on the advisability of using the international term(AU)

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AIM: The aim of this study is to assess the epidemiological profile of 12- to 16-year-old adolescents with Down syndrome in the Special Basic Education Center in Lima-Peru. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed, where the epidemiological profile was determined through the DMF-T index, oral hygiene index (OHI), and the gingival index from Silness and Löe. A sample of 107 adolescents with Down syndrome in a Peruvian rural population were considered who were evaluated with the formula of proportion estimation, of which 48 (44.8%) were females and 55 (59%) males. RESULTS: Patients with mild to moderate Down syndrome were with a caries prevalence of 42 and 27.1%, respectively. Likewise, class III malocclusion was present in 42.9 and 25.2%. The most prevalent OHI was the regular category with 66.2%. RESULTS: Patients with mild to moderate Down syndrome were with a caries prevalence of 42 and 27.1%, respectively. Likewise, class III malocclusion was present in 42.9 and 25.2%. The most prevalent OHI was the regular category with 66.2%. CONCLUSION: It was evident in mild Down syndrome adolescents, a higher prevalence of the indexes: dental caries, malocclusion, periodontal disease, and oral hygiene, moderate to severe.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: nearly 15% of the world's population lives with some kind of disability. Colombia has no official reports on indigenous people with disabilities. Being an indigenous person with a disability increases health vulnerabilities and the risk for oral diseases. The objective of this study was to describe the habits and oral hygiene status of people with disabilities living in the Misak (Guambiano) indigenous reserve in Silvia, Department of Cauca (Colombia), in 2016. Methods: a descriptive observational cross-sectional study was conducted. The entire population with some degree of disability in the Misak indigenous community was included, assessing their oral hygiene through Community Plaque Index (CPI) and collecting socio-demographic and oral health habits variables using descriptive analysis to correlate disability type with health habits and plaque index. Results: 46 people with some degree of disability were identified. Of these, 45.7% were women and aged 22.6 years in average. Cognitive disability was the most common, (54.3%). The study showed that 43.4% of people with disabilities brush their teeth at least once a day, with 44% needing help to do so. A bacterial plaque index of 91.8% was found. Conclusion: people with disabilities in the Misak indigenous community have a high community plaque index, which is considered a poor level, with inadequate oral hygiene habits.

RESUMEN Introducción: alrededor del 15% de la población mundial vive con algún tipo de discapacidad. En Colombia no existen reportes oficiales de indígenas con discapacidad. Ser una persona indígena y con discapacidad aumenta la vulnerabilidad en el ámbito de la salud y el riesgo de padecer enfermedades bucodentales. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en describir los hábitos y el estado de higiene bucal de las personas con discapacidad que residen en la comunidad Misak (Guambiano), resguardo indígena en Silvia-Cauca, Colombia, en el año 2016. Métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal. Se incluyó toda la población con algún grado de discapacidad de la comunidad indígena Misak, a la cual se les evaluó el estado de higiene bucal mediante el Índice de Placa Comunitario (IPC); se recogieron variables sociales, demográficas y de hábitos en salud bucal, con análisis descriptivo, estableciendo relaciones con el tipo de discapacidad, el comportamiento de hábitos de salud y el índice de placa. Resultados: se identificaron 46 personas con algún grado de discapacidad, de las cuales 54,3% eran hombres y 45.6% mujeres, con un promedio de edad de 22,6 años. La mayor discapacidad que se presentó fue la cognitiva con 54.3%. Se puede observar que 43,4% de las personas con discapacidad realiza cepillado al menos una vez al día y 44% necesitan ayuda para hacerlo. Se obtuvo un índice de placa bacteriana de 91.8%. Conclusión: las personas con discapacidad de la comunidad indígena Misak presentan un índice de placa comunitario alto, categorizado como malo, con hábitos de higiene bucal inadecuados.

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Dental care to vulnerable population is a pending issue in health policies due to the lack of appropriate and specialized strategies. Children with sensory deficits represent a challenge to professionals in prevention of oral diseases fundamentally due to communication problems. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to compare the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) before and after a playful learning intervention in children with hearing impairment between 6 years and 11 years. STUDY DESIGN: Educational strategies were adopted for children with hearing impairment in Mexican Sign Language. The intervention consisted of three meetings explaining topics and activities of preventive content on health and oral hygiene for the children and their tutors. Simplified oral hygiene index was determinate before and after intervention. RESULTS: The mean of OHI-S score was 12% good status before the intervention and 64% after the application of the educational strategy. CONCLUSION: Teachers and dentists can enhance oral health promotion actions to children with hearing impairment in elementary institution using playful learning interventions. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Ávila-Curiel BX, Solórzano-Mata CJ, Avendaño-Martínez JA, et al. Playful Educational Intervention for Improvement of Oral Health in Children with Hearing Impairment. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(6):491-493.

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Abstract Objective: To evaluate the oral hygiene status of children with Down syndrome using the busy book Ayo Sikat Gigi as an educational toy. Material and Methods: We ran an experimental study involving 25 educable and trainable children with Down syndrome, comprising 17 males and 8 females aged 7-12 years, who were free from other disabilities and did not use orthodontic or prosthodontic appliances. Parents were instructed to educate their children using the busy book Ayo Sikat Gigi and also to guide their children in brushing their teeth effectively at home. We evaluated the OHI-S score over two visits, one before and the other after education using the busy book Ayo Sikat Gigi over a 7 day period. The Wilcoxon test with the p-value set at 0.05 was used Results: It was noted a statistically significant decrease in the OHI-S scores of children with Down syndrome (p<0.05), reflecting an improvement in their dental health, after education using the busy book Ayo Sikat Gigi (median scores before and after education: 2.30 and 1.84, respectively) Conclusion: The busy book Ayo Sikat Gigi is a highly effective educational toy for children with Down syndrome, and in our study, it was demonstrated to decrease their OHI-S scores after education for 7 days.

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research was to determine the oral status of a group of children with autism. STUDY DESIGN: An observational transversal study was carried out in 96 pediatric patients between the ages of 2 and 16 years old with a diagnosis of autism. The patients were assessed to determine the presence of caries with Index Caries (WHO criteria) and debris and calculus with the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, as well as the type of diet they followed. RESULTS: It was established that 41.7% of the patients had caries, with the result of an index of DMFT= 0.96 and dmft =2.41. In terms of the periodontal health 59.4% suffered from calculus. The OHI-S was 3.4. CONCLUSIONS: Children with autism exhibited a higher caries prevalence in primary teeth than in permanents. They also presented poor hygiene and an extensive presence of calculus.

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Introducción: La salud bucal tiene una relación dinámica con la salud general y la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Objetivo del estudio realizado fue determinar el índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado en niños de 6 años de edad de la parroquia Chiquintad del cantón Cuenca, en el año 2016. Métodos: Se manejó una muestra de 51 escolares de ambos sexos, se utilizó el Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado de Greene y Vermillion aplicado en dentición decidua que consta de un índice de placa blanda y el índice de placa calcificada. Conclusiones: La media de IHO-S en la parroquia Chiquintad fue 0,458 sin presentar una diferencia significativa entre los sexos. El nivel de higiene oral fue bueno en ambos sexos (90%), no se presentó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre ambos (valor p 0,389).

Introduction: Oral health has a dynamic relationship with the general health and quality of life of patients. Objective: of the study was to determine the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index in 6-year-old children of the Chiquintad of the Cantón Cuenca, in the year 2016. Methods: A sample of 51 schoolchildren of both sexes was used, the Hygiene Index was used Simplified oral of Greene and Vermillion applied in deciduous dentition consisting of a soft plaque index and calcified plaque index. Conclusions: The mean of IHO-S in the Chiquintad parish was 0.458 without presenting a significant difference between the sexes. The level of oral hygiene was good in both sexes (90%), there was no statistically significant difference between the two (p value 0.389).

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El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la eficacia de la técnica educativa Desarrollo de Habilidades para mejorar los conocimientos de salud oral de madres y reducir el índice de higiene oral de preescolares. Materiales y Métodos: se hizo un estudio cuasi-experimental, se aplicó un cuestionario validado sobre conocimientos de salud oral a 84 madres antes y después de la aplicación de las técnicas educativas Desarrollo de Habilidades y Expositiva (grupo control). Las madres fueron asignadas al grupo experimental y control en forma aleatoria. Se evaluó la higiene oral de sus hijos preescolares al inicio, a los 30 días y a los 60 días, utilizando el índice simplificado de Greene-Vermillion. Al inicio la media del nivel de conocimientos de salud oral fue de 6,57 para el grupo experimental y de 6,55 para el grupo control. Después de la intervención la media del grupo experimental fue de 11,88 y del grupo control 8,48, siendo esta diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p<0,001). En lo que se refiere a la higiene oral, las medias del índice al inicio, 30 y 60 días fueron en el grupo experimental 2,51; 1,14 y 0,73 mientras que para el grupo control fueron 2,51; 2,02 y 1,69 respectivamente. Hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos a los 30 y 60 días (p<0,001). La técnica Desarrollo de Habilidades demostró ser más eficaz en el aumento del nivel de conocimientos de salud oral de madres y en la disminución del índice de higiene oral de preescolares.

The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of the educational technique Development of Skills to improve the knowledge of oral health of mothers and reduce the index of oral hygiene in pre-school. A quasi-experimental study was conducted. A validated questionnaire on knowledge of oral health was given to 84 mothers before and after the application of the educational technologies Development of Skills and Explanatory (control group). The mothers were assigned to the experimental and the control groups in random form. Was evaluated oral hygiene of their pre-school children from the start, to 30 days and to 60 days, using the simplified of Greene-Vermillion index. Initially the average level of knowledge of oral health went from 6.57 for the experimental group and 6.55 for the group control. After the intervention the mean of the experimental group was 11.88 and for the control group 8.48, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.001). As regards to oral hygiene, average index at baseline, 30 and 60 days in the experimental group were 2.51, 1.14 and 0.73 while in the control group were 2.51, 2.02 and 1.69 respectively. There were statistically significant differences between groups at 30 and 60 days (p <0.001). The technique Development of Skills demonstrated to be more effective in the increase of the level of knowledge of oral health of mothers and in the decrease of the index of oral hygiene in pre-schoolers.

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Objetivo. Determinar el nivel de conocimientos en salud oral relacionada a la calidad de la higiene oral de la población escolar de 9-12 años de edad en la I.E. 1120 ôPedro A. Labartheõ, Lima-Perú, 2012. Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 76 escolares seleccionados mediante muestreo no probabilístico con voluntarios. La información se obtuvo mediante un cuestionario de preguntas cerradas; el instrumento de recolección de datos incluyó información sobre la edad, sexo, conocimientos básicos de salud oral y el índice de higiene oral simplificado (IHO-s). Se realizó el análisis descriptivo de cada variable mediante tablas de distribución de frecuencias; para evaluar la relación entre el nivel de conocimientos en salud oral y la calidad de la higiene oral se empleó la prueba Chi cuadrado. Resultados. La mayor parte de la muestra presentó un ôregularõ conocimiento en salud oral (72,4%), seguido por ôbuenoõ (22,4%). En cuanto a la calidad de la higiene oral, la mayor parte de la muestra presentó un ômalaõ (59,2%), seguido por ôregularõ (38,2%). No se encontró relación entre el nivel de conocimientos en salud oral y la calidad de la higiene oral (P: 0,360). Conclusiones. Aunque la mayor parte de la muestra presentó un ôregularõ conocimiento en salud oral, la mayoría presentó una higiene oral deficiente. Lo que demuestra que aportar información es insuficiente si es que esta no logra motivar y provocar la modificación del comportamiento, instaurando hábitos más saludables en salud oral.

Objective. To determine the level of knowledge on oral health related to quality of oral hygiene of a schoolchildren population of9-12 years old in the educational institution 1120 ôPedro A. Labarthe,õ Lima-Peru, 2012. Materials and methods. Observational, descriptive and cross study. The sample consisted of 76 schoolchildren selected by non-probabilistic sampling with volunteers. The information was obtained through a questionnaire of closed questions; the data collection instrument included information about age, sex, basic knowledge of oral health and the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-s). The descriptive analysis of each variable was performed using frequency distribution tables; to evaluate the relationship between the level of knowledge on oral health and oralhygiene quality Chi-square test was used. Results. The majority of the sample had a ôregularõ oral health knowledge (72. 4%), followed by ôgoodõ (22. 4%). As for the quality of oral hygiene, most of the sample presented a ôpoorõ (59.2%), followed by ôregularõ (38.2%). No relationship between the level of knowledge of oral health and quality of oral hygiene was found (P: 0.360) Conclusions. Although most of the sample presented a ôregularõ knowledge on oral health, most showed poor oral hygiene. This shows that providing information is not enough if this fails to motivate and cause behavioral change, establishing healthier habits in oral health.

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