RESUMO
Se describe cómo se articuló la lucha contra la poliomielitis y las secuelas que dejaba la enfermedad en el Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez. Se narra cómo dicha lucha exigió que algunos ortopedistas, como Alfonso Tohen Zamudio, Alejandro Velasco Zimbrón, Juan Farill y Luis Sierra Rojas, aplicaran técnicas quirúrgicas ideadas por ellos y se diera la invención de aparatos ortopédicos que ocuparon un lugar fundamental en la estrategia terapéutica de la poliomielitis al preservar la marcha segura, prevenir o disminuir deformidades y reducir la fatiga. El hospital no tardó en convertirse en el centro de concentración obligado y único para los niños enfermos de poliomielitis procedentes de todo el país, al crear una sala para atender los casos agudos.This article studies how the fight against poliomyelitis and the sequelae left by the disease was articulated in the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez and shows how this fight required some orthopedists, such as Alfonso Tohen Zamudio, Alejandro Velasco Zimbrón, Juan Farill, and Luis Sierra Rojas, to apply surgical techniques devised by them, as well as the invention of orthopedic devices that occupied a fundamental place in the therapeutic strategy of poliomyelitis by preserving a safe gait, avoiding falls, preventing or reducing deformities, and reducing fatigue. The hospital soon became the obligatory and only concentration center for children with polio from all over the country by creating a ward to attend to acute cases.
Assuntos
Pandemias , Poliomielite , Criança , Hospitais , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Poliomielite/epidemiologia , Poliomielite/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Resumen Se describe cómo se articuló la lucha contra la poliomielitis y las secuelas que dejaba la enfermedad en el Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez. Se narra cómo dicha lucha exigió que algunos ortopedistas, como Alfonso Tohen Zamudio, Alejandro Velasco Zimbrón, Juan Farill y Luis Sierra Rojas, aplicaran técnicas quirúrgicas ideadas por ellos y se diera la invención de aparatos ortopédicos que ocuparon un lugar fundamental en la estrategia terapéutica de la poliomielitis al preservar la marcha segura, prevenir o disminuir deformidades y reducir la fatiga. El hospital no tardó en convertirse en el centro de concentración obligado y único para los niños enfermos de poliomielitis procedentes de todo el país, al crear una sala para atender los casos agudos.
Abstract This article studies how the fight against poliomyelitis and the sequelae left by the disease was articulated in the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez and shows how this fight required some orthopedists, such as Alfonso Tohen Zamudio, Alejandro Velasco Zimbrón, Juan Farill, and Luis Sierra Rojas, to apply surgical techniques devised by them, as well as the invention of orthopedic devices that occupied a fundamental place in the therapeutic strategy of poliomyelitis by preserving a safe gait, avoiding falls, preventing or reducing deformities, and reducing fatigue. The hospital soon became the obligatory and only concentration center for children with polio from all over the country by creating a ward to attend to acute cases.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: According to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) methodology, in 2003, the prevalence of asthma symptoms in children 6-7 years old and adolescents 13-14 years old was 11.6% and 13.7%, respectively. Since then, the number of asthma cases has increased worldwide. The study was conducted in several districts in northern Mexico City to evaluate the prevalence of asthma in these age groups and examine possible risk factors. The data were compared to the 2003 results from the same area. METHODS: This was a comparative cross-sectional study following the official Global Asthma Network (GAN) methodology. The parents or guardians of participants completed a questionnaire that explored demographics, asthma symptoms, diagnoses, and possible risk factors. Central tendency measurements were determined for statistical analysis and chi-squared distribution for possible risk factors. RESULTS: A total of 2515 children aged 6-7 years and 3375 adolescents aged 13-14 years participated in the study. Compared to the ISAAC results, we found a greater prevalence of wheezing in both children (at some time in life, 19.2% vs. 27.1%; over the last year, 6.8% vs. 10.6%) and adolescents (at some time in life, 16.9% vs. 19.7%), and for children with an asthma diagnosis (4.5% vs. 5.1%). For both groups, the most common risk factor associated with wheezing was the presence of rhinitis symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Asthma symptoms are highly prevalent in Mexico City, occurring in almost 20% of adolescents. Compared to a decade ago, there was a 7.9% increase in the prevalence of asthma symptoms in children. Almost half of the children and adolescents presenting with symptoms had experienced more than four episodes per year. However, less than 50% of children and adolescents with asthma symptoms had been diagnosed with this disorder, suggesting under-diagnosis.